Lessons Learnt from Comparing WhatsApp Privacy Concerns Across Saudi and Indian Populations Pablo Moriano L. Jean Camp Jayati Dev Oak Ridge Indiana University Indiana University National Bloomington Bloomington Laboratory This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Whatsapp is used in over 128 countries Multimedia messaging application for texting, sharing data, and calling 2
3
Origin is a factor in influencing privacy 4
Research Questions TO WHAT EXTENT ARE TO WHAT EXTENT DOES HOW DO PRIVACY CONCERNS PRIVACY CONCERNS OF GENDER IMPINGE ON PRIVACY AFFECT PRIVACY BEHAVIOR SAUDIS DIFFERENT FROM CONCERNS FOR BOTH THE FOR BOTH POPULATIONS? INDIANS? POPULATIONS? 5
Research Questions TO WHAT EXTENT ARE TO WHAT EXTENT DOES HOW DO PRIVACY CONCERNS PRIVACY CONCERNS OF GENDER IMPINGE ON PRIVACY AFFECT PRIVACY BEHAVIOR SAUDIS DIFFERENT FROM CONCERNS FOR BOTH THE FOR BOTH POPULATIONS? INDIANS? POPULATIONS? 6
Research Questions TO WHAT EXTENT ARE TO WHAT EXTENT DOES HOW DO PRIVACY CONCERNS PRIVACY CONCERNS OF GENDER IMPINGE ON PRIVACY AFFECT PRIVACY BEHAVIOR SAUDIS DIFFERENT FROM CONCERNS FOR BOTH THE FOR BOTH POPULATIONS? INDIANS? POPULATIONS? 7
Saudi Arabia India Gender Male 159 140 Female 293 75 Age 18-24 99 80 25-30 225 123 Saudi and 31-40 103 17 Indian 41-50 21 2 ➢ 50 4 0 WhatsApp users Education High school or less 30 4 Some college 38 2 Bachelors 58 90 Snowball sampling Masters or 18 114 Professional Doctoral 2 9 452 222 8
• IV : Origin, Gender • DV : Sensitive Data, Professional Contact, Targeted Ads, Group Add Ask, Stranger Contact RQ1, RQ2 Concern (MWW Test) • IV : Sensitive Data, Professional Contact, Targeted Ads, Group Add Ask, Stranger Contact Concern, Platform, Frequency of Use, Length of Use • DV : (Saudi) Sensitive Data, Platform, Frequency, Education and Group Permission, Age RQ3 and Targeted Ads, Professional Contact (India) Age and Education, Platform, Gender, Analysis (Exploratory Information Sensitivity, Targeted Ads Factor Analysis) • IV : (Saudi) Sensitive Data, Platform, Frequency, Education and Group Permission, Age and Targeted Ads, Professional Contact (India) Age and Education, Platform, Gender, Information Sensitivity, Targeted Ads RQ3 • DV : Blocking, Auto-Download, Location, Notification, Profile Photo, Last Seen, Status (Regression Analysis) 9 IV – Independent Variable (s); DV – Dependent Variable (s)
Findings 10
Origin 11
W=37,254; p < .001 Origin 12
Origin W=66,299; p < .001 13
Gender 14
Gender 15
Gender W=11,648; p = .015 16
Gender W=65,69; p < .001 17
Gender W=12,222; p < .001 18
Gender W=8,545; p < .001 19
Privacy Concerns Affecting Behavior (S (Saudi Arabia) 20
Privacy Concerns Affecting Behavior (I (India) 21
Recommendations 22
Offer an Option for Permissions-Based Contact 23
Choice and Consent in Joining Groups X invited you to “Get Together 2019”. Do you wish to be added to this group? 24
Option for Group Types Which lists would you like to share this with? a. Friends b. Colleagues c. Family d. Specific groups… 25
Key Takeaways • RQ1: Origin affects privacy concerns and consequently, privacy behavior • RQ2: Gender affects certain privacy concerns, but affects privacy behavior differently in Saudi Arabia and India • RQ3: Most participants in both populations wanted to be able to control the content and recipient (with a greater focus on recipients) of their shared information 26
Jayati Dev Pablo Moriano L. Jean Camp Thank you! moriano@ornl.gov jdev@iu.edu ljcamp@indiana.edu Questions? Human Aspects of Technical Security (HATS) Lab Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering Indiana University 612 N Park Avenue Bloomington, IN 47408
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