PRESENTATION Helen Tzavlaki Maria Sxoinaraki Michael Farsaris - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PRESENTATION

Helen Tzavlaki Maria Sxoinaraki Michael Farsaris

Introduction

• Our

school the 7th General Lyceum

• f

Heraklion is located at the west suburb's area

• f the city. It serves the second degree

educational necessities of a vast area of Heraklion, which gathers a number of 10,000

• inhabitants. The students that attend our

courses are numbered at almost 400.

Heraklion

• Heraklion is a city of almost 200,000 people,

the fifth one in numbers, of Greece. It's name has been given by Hercules Idaius, the first who has organised trials in ancient Olympia. During the Minoan era the city of Heraklion exists as the main port of the city of Knossos.

Byzantine era

• At the byzantine era (4th - 7th century A.D)

Heraklion is less developed and its population decrees because of the pirates and the natural

• devastations. As a result the Saracins Arabs
• ccupy Heraklion in 824 A.D. and rename the city

as Rabdh el Khandaq, in Greek Handakas and in Latin Candia, which means the Fortress of Trench.

• The city is liberated by the Byzantines and the

general and future emperor of Byzantium Nikiforos Fokas in 961 A.D. At first the city declines, but later is rebuilt under the name of "Megalo Castro" ("The Big Fortress").

Venice – Regno di Candia

• During the 4th Crusade (1203-1204 A.D) Crete and

Heraklion passes to the hands of Venice. Although because

• f the delay of Venicians to stabilize their sovereignty in

Crete the Genovese Errico Pescattore occupies the island for five years, until 1211 A.D. After that year Crete and Heraklion passes to Venice under the name "Regno di Candia".

Map of Candia

• Candia (Heraklion) transforms into the political,

commercial, economical, cultural and regional center of the island in whole. Although during the 13th and 14th centuries the Cretan inhabitants of the island rebel many times against Venice and only after liberal reforms of the Venice authorities towards population the situation will be stabilized.

• In the next years a significant and prosperous

Cretan-Venitian middle class is going to be formed and an economical and cultural growth is going to make its appearance.

Art in Candia

• The

main sectors that will be affected are architecture (Basilica of San Marco, Loggia, Palazzo Ducale, Fortress of Koule, Gates), art of painting (artists such as Damascinos, Klontzas, El Greco etc.), literature and poetry ("Erotokritos" a great poetic novel of Vincenzos Cornaros, "Erofili" of Georgios Hortatzis etc.).

First Page of the textes of medieval poems of “Erotokritos” and “Erofili” printed in Venice.

Ottomans era

• In 1645 A.C. Crete is conquered by the Ottomans Turks

and two years later begins the siege of city of Candia which will last for 22 years. At last the city is conquered by the Ottomans in 1669.

• After its capitulation, the city is almost completely

devastated and the Ottomans begin to renovate its public buildings. . Although for the next two centuries the city declines and just after 18th century begins to grow again.

The Ottoman siege of Candia

1856- earthquake

• In 1856 A.D. a huge earthquake takes place and

demolishes almost 99% of the buildings, public and

• private. The city is rebuilt once again following

mostly the ottoman architectural example. Among the new buildings are a significant number of neoclassical rhythm, showing the reborn hellenic spirit and modernization.

View of Ottoman Heraklion

Union with Greece

• After 268 years of slavery by the Ottomans, Heraklion

and Crete, in December of 1913, liberated and annexed to Greece. During the next years almost 25,000 moslim inhabitants of the city will fled to Minor Asia and

• Turkey. All these will be replaced by a significant

number of Greek orthodox refugees of Minor Asia.

Greek Orthodox Refugees of Minor Asia at Heraklion.

The city’s expansion

• The city grows significantly and new streets and

suburbs are built. A new airport is constructed also, and the port is expanding. Although many

• ttoman monuments are demolishing following

modernization and for economic reasons.

Second World War

• At last, the city had to face the tragic experience of the

Second World War. On 20th May 1941 thousands of German paratroopers invade the island and Heraklion faces a fatal danger, on 23rd May, the so called "Black Friday". The 1/3 of the city buildings are devastated and many of its inhabitants face death. Among the defenders were Cretans, British, Australians and New Zealanders fighters.

• Although their brave defense the city is capitulated by

the Nazi' s paratroopers at 1st June 1941. During the next three years death and fear are the stable life

• elements. The liberation of city was achieved finally on

11th October 1944.

German parachutists

Modern era

• Since the end of World War the city grows

rapidly in every aspect of social life. In economy the income is produced mostly of tourist activities, as well as by trade, industry and agriculture (olives, grapes, wine, raisins).

The cultural aspect of Heraklion

• Heraklion

today is the biggest city and the economical, political and cultural center of Crete. Two of the most well known authors of modern Greek literature, Nikos Kazantzakis ("Alexis Zorbas", "The last Temptation" etc.) and the Nobel prized poet Odysseas Elytis ("Axion Esti") were born in Heraklion

Nikos Kazantzakis

Education program

• Finally, as it concerns our school, as we have already noticed, it

provides a second level education program among with a general educational aspect. Within that it prepares its students to take part in examinations for academic studies in all kinds of faculties. After the second year (age of sixteen) each student chooses a sector of studies and follows the proper educational program. The three main sectors are: i) Humanistic and social studies, ii) Science studies, iii) Economy and new technology.

• The lessons for the first course include ancient

Greek and Latin literature, history and sociology and prepare the student for examinations that lead to academic attendances in the faculties

• f

History, Literature, Sociology, Psychology, Law and Theology.

The second

• ne

course includes lessons in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and prepares the student for participation in examinations which lead to similar faculties and also to medicine. At last, the third sector includes studies and lessons on Mathematics, Economy and New Technologies which prepare the students to attend similar studies on the next educational level.

• Of course, we must notice that the attempt to

provide a general educational system for all our students is not neglected and is given by a supplementary educational program during each

• day. That includes a variety of lessons such as

Modern Greek literature, Theology, European History, Philosophy etc. which conclude the attempt for proper studies.

Konstantinos Kavafis

Platon

• Also, our school always tries to be present in each

aspect of social life. A group of theater with various presentations in school festivals, a music group, additional lessons for weak students and financially disable, a distribution of food to families that face economic problems, visits in museums, universities, institutes, presentations and lectures, collaboration with experts in the item of bullying etc.

• At last, but not least our school has participated in various

European projects such as:

• a) "The young Eurocitizen", a three year long term, since 2004

and until 2007, (04-GRC01-52C01-00178-3),

• b) "Tourism through Archeological Monuments, cultures and

traditions", a two year long term (2007-2009), (07-GRC01-C006- 00075-1),

• c) "The Europro(of) Guidebook - A practical culture resistant

learning approach", a two year long term (2010-2012), (2010- 1- NL1-COM06-029049).

• And of course this the fourth participation to

a European project and we look forward to collaborating with our European partners for the goal of a common European identity.

• Finally, the number of teachers in our school is about 35 and

the school is guided by a supervisor (at this moment and for the next two years Mr. Dimitris Sakellaris) and two vice

• supervisors. We hope that we gave a decent idea of our city,
• ur educational system and its function.

The costumes of the movie “ El Greco” are exhibited in Gate Bethleem of Heraklion