PREFACE i x 1. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF AXONAL GROWTH 1 Caine - PDF document

Axon Growth and Guidanc e Dominique Bagnard

Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; v . 621 ;

� PREFACE � i x 1. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF AXONAL GROWTH � 1 Caine Bouquet and Fatiha Nothia s Introduction � 1 The Neuronal Growth Cone and its Cytoskeletal Organization � 1 Mechanisms of Axonal Elongation � 6 Regulation of the Cytoskeleton by Extracellular Cues , Role of Rho-GTPases � » � 7 Growth Cone of Regenerating Axons � 10 2. NETRINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS � 1 7 Simon W . Moore, Marc Tessier-Lavigne and Timothy E . Kenned y Introduction � 1 7 Netrin Structure � 1 9 Functional Roles for Netrins during Nervous System Development � 21 Netrin Signal Transduction � 22 25 Netrin in the Adult Nervous System � 26 Conclusion and Perspectives � 3 . EPH RECEPTORS AND EPHRIN LIGAND S 32 IN AXON GUIDANCE � Michael Reber, Robert Hindges and Greg Lemk e 32 Introduction � Molecular Structure � 32 » � 34 Mechanisms of Signal Transduction � Functional Implications during Nervous System Development � » � 39 44 Conclusion and Perspectives �

4 . ROLE OF SEMAPHORINS DURING AXON GROWT H AND GUIDANCE � 5 0 Eric Koncina, Lise Roth, Bertand Gonthier and Dominique Bagnar d Introduction � 50 Functional Roles of Semaphorins during Axon Guidance � 50 Receptors of Secreted-Semaphorins : The Neuropilins � 52 Receptors of Transmembrane-Semaphorins : The Plexin Family � 53 Other Receptors Associated with Sem aphorin Signaling � 54 Intracellular Signal Transduction � 56 Conclusion � 59 5. SLITS AND THEIR RECEPTORS � 65 Alain Chedota l Introduction � 65 Robo Partners � 6 7 Molecular Control of Slit and Robo E xpression � 7 1 Multiple Functions for Slit/Robo in the Nervous System � 72 A Role for Slit and Robo in Neurological Disorders? � 75 Perspectives � 7 6 6 . NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS : ARE THEY AXON GUIDANC E 8 1 MOLECULES? � Sarah Guthri e Introduction � 8 1 Evaluation of Neurotrophic Factors as Axon Guidance Molecules � 8 1 8 1 The Discovery of the Neurotrophins � 82 The Extended Family of Neurotrophic Facto rs � Neurotrophic Factors Can Promote Axon Growth and Orient Axons in Vitro „ � 83 Neurotrophic Factors and Axon Guidance Molecules Use Commo n » � 83 Signalling Pathways � The Role of Signalling Pathways in Axonal Chemoattractio n 85 by Neurotrophins and Netrin -1 � Role of cAMP and Calcium Concentrations in Chemoattraction � 86 87 I n Vivo Tests of Neurotrophic Factors in Axon Guidance � 88 Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Branching ....» � » � ». .„ . .» � 90 Conclusions � 7 . THE ROLE OF CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN AXO N 9 5 GROWTH AND GUIDANCE � Hiroyuki Kamiguch i 95 Introduction � 9 6 Molecular Structure � 96 Biophysical and Signaling Mechanisms � 100 Functional Implication � 100 Conclusion �

8 . NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THE DEVELOPMEN T OF NEURONAL CIRCUITS � 104 Tina Ruediger and Juergen Bol z Introduction � 104 Effects of Neurotransmitters on Growth Cone Steering � 106 Glutamate : An Excitatory Transmitter and a Versatil e Developmental Signal � 10 7 Acetylcholine Acts as a Neuronal Guidance Signa l during Brain Development � 10 9 There Is More to GABA Than Synaptic Inhibition � 11 0 Conclusions � 11 2 9 . THE HEDGEHOG, TGF-ß/BMPAND WNT FAMILIE S OF MORPHOGENS IN AXON GUIDANCE � 11 6 Frederic Charron and Marc Tessier-Lavign e Introduction � 11 6 Morphogens, Cell Fate Specification and Tissue Patterning � 11 7 Morphogens in Axon Guidance � 120 Interpreting Positional Information : Signaling Component s in Axon Guidance and Cell Fate Specification � 130 Conclusions and Perspectives � 13 1 10 . THE ROLE OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE S IN AXON GUIDANCE � 134 Michael Piper, Francis van Horck and Christine Hol t 13 4 Introduction � Molecular Structure of Cyclic Nucleotides � 13 5 13 6 Mechanisms of Signal Transduction � Functional Implications during Nervous System Development � 137 14 2 Cyclic Nucleotides and Axon Regeneration � 14 2 Conclusion and Perspectives � » � 11 . MEMBRANE LIPID RAFTS AND THEIR ROL E 14 4 IN AXON GUIDANCE � Carmine Guirland and James Q . Zhen g 144 Introduction � Approaches to Study Lipid Rafts and Their Functions � 145 146 Functions of Lipid Rafts in the Nervous System � 148 Membrane Domains and Growth Cone Motility � 149 Lipid Rafts in Axon Guidance : The Signaling Platforms? � 15 1 Signal Localization through Lipid Rafts � 153 Future Directions and Concluding Remarks �

12 . THE ROLE OF GLIAL CELLS IN AXON GUIDANCE , FASCICULATION AND TARGETING � 15 6 Anabel R . Learte and Alicia Hidalg o Introduction � 156 Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Neuron-Glia Interaction s during Axon Guidance � » � 157 Functional Implications � 16 0 16 4 Conclusions and Perspectives � INDEX � 167