Preamble Water Quality Area Breakup Situation Analysis Meeting MDG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sustainable Rural Water Supplies

Incentivising Sustainability

Through Performance Awards

Government of Punjab Pakistan

Housing Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department

Sequence of Presentation

Water Quality Area Breakup Situation Analysis Meeting MDG for Water Supply Coverage Water Supply Coverage Vision Preamble

Sequence of Presentation

Issues Water Sector Water Sector Investment Dysfunctional Rural Water Supply Schemes Diagnosis Failure Community Based Demand Driven Approach Rural Water Supply Schemes

Sequence of Presentation

Community Initiatives Assessment of Community Managed Schemes Recognizing the Performing CBOs Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards Summary Conclusion Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes

Preamble

Clean drinking water and sanitation is a basic human right, an indispensable human necessity.

Preamble

• Punjab is the country’s most populous

province comprising of 56% of total population.

• Of the 89 million people living in the

province, 31% (28 million) live in urban and 69% (61 million) in rural areas.

Water Quality Area Breakup

• Provision of

sustainable water supply to such a large population in itself is a big challenge

BARANI HILLY BRACKISH SWEET ZONE

Total Area of Punjab: 205,345 Sq. K.M.

SWEET ZONE 109,593 S.Km 53.40% BARANI 25,976 S.Km 12.65% HILLY AREA 10,000 S.Km 4.87% BRACKISH 59,776 S.Km 29.11%

Situation Analysis

Situation Analysis

Meeting MDG for Water Supply Coverage in Punjab

Sub Sector MDGs Targets 2015 (%) Projected year of Reaching MDGs Population Coverage (2009-10) (%) Urban Water Supply 80.00 2009-10 83 Rural Water Supply 64.65 2020-21 38

Water Supply Coverage in Rural Areas

Villages Population (in million) Total Served Un- Served Total Served Un- Served 25,875 4,058 21,817 61.143 23.23 (38%) 37.91 (62%)

Vision

The vision of the Government of the Punjab is provision of safe drinking water of an adequate quantity at an affordable cost through equitable, efficient and sustainable services to all citizens by 2020.

Rural Water Supply Schemes (Background)

• Rural water supply schemes funded by GoPb through

ADP.

• Planning, designing and execution by PHED.
• On completion O&M by PHED (cost borne by GoPb)

up to 1991.

• After 1991 communities made exclusively responsible

for O&M of new schemes. Major repairs of SAP schemes by the Government upto 2001.

• Presently all rural water supply schemes are being

maintained by User Committees / Community Based Organizations on self-help basis.

Issues Water Sector (Rural Areas)

• Water level depletion due to excessive mining of

underground water and decreasing recharge of aquifers.

• Wastage of sweet drinking water as a result of

lack of awareness, absence of regulatory frameworks, non existence of demand management tools like consumer meters and highly inappropriate tariffs.

• Contamination of surface and underground

water aquifers due to discharge of untreated industrial, domestic and commercial effluent.

Issues Water Sector (Rural Areas)

• Increase in arsenic levels and of other

contaminants in the underground water aquifer.

• Our rural water sector is being operated and

maintained mostly by the rural communities, without any administrative, technical, and financial support from the Government.

• There is a total absence of any mechanism to

rehabilitate and augment rural water supply schemes after the passage of the designed life of the scheme.

Water Sector Investment

Total No. of Completed Schemes Completion Cost

(Rs. In Million)

4058 30287.000

(US$ 352 Million)

Investment on Functional Community Managed Schemes

Total No. of Schemes Managed by Communities Completion Cost

(Rs. In Million)

2448 18869.000

(US$ 219 Million)

Investment on Functional Managed by TMAs

Total No. of Schemes Managed by TMAs Completion Cost

(Rs. In Million)

267 1514.000

(US$ 18 Million)

Investment Required for Rehabilitation of Dysfunctional Schemes

Total No. of Dysfunctional Schemes Rehabilitation Cost

(Rs. In Million)

1343 6500.000

(US$ 76 Million)

Overall Status of Completed Rural Water Schemes

Total No.

• f

Schemes Functional Dysfunctional Functional Schemes Maintained By CBOs TMA Total

4058 2715 1343 2448 267 2715

(67%) (33%) (90%) (10%)

Dysfunctional Rural Water Supply Schemes

• Survey conducted in Feb. 2009 by PHED staff under

supervision of DCOs.

• No. of non-functional schemes 1343

Major reasons for non-functional schemes

 Source failure (342 schemes) (25%)  Major defects in machinery / rising main / distribution network (323 schemes) (24%)  Non payment of WAPDA dues / Disconnection (227 schemes) (17%)  Theft of major components like electric motor, transformer etc. (116 schemes) (09%)  Miscellaneous like community conflict, poor service delivery & poverty related issues etc. (334 schemes) (25%)

Diagnoses of Failure

Technical (49%)

• Source Failure
• Major defects in

machinery / rising main / distribution network etc

Financial (26%)

• Non Payment of

Dues

• Theft of major

components like electric motor, transformer etc

Managerial / Social (25%)

• Community

conflict

• Revenue not

matching expenditure

• Poor Recovery
• Non

representative CBO

Community Based Demand Driven Approach

• Empowerment of Communities through social

mobilization and decision making.

• Inter and Intra Generational Equity - addressing the

needs of present and future generation.

• Community involvement in identification, planning,

designing and implementation is the key approach.

• Beneficiaries

participated from the need assessment and planning through the construction stages.

• Eventually takes over the O&M of mechanized water

supply & sanitation systems.

Community Based Demand Driven Approach

PHED is constructing schemes with community involvement in identification, planning, designing and implementation MoU Community eventually takes

• ver the O&M of

mechanized water supply & sanitation systems

Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes

Area of Development Benefits Water Availability of safe drinking water helped in reducing incidences of water borne diseases

Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes

Area of Development Benefits Environment

• Improved mobility for all,

particularly for women and elderly persons in wet season

• Improved drains and paved

streets

• Reduction in stagnant ponds

Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes

Area of Development Benefits Education

• School enrollment increased
• Especially in girls children

Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes

Area of Development Benefits Economic Condition

• Saving of 3 – 5 hours daily on

account of fetching water from distant sources

• Time used for income generation

activities

Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes

Area of Development Benefits Leadership

• More active role in community activities,

decision making and conflict resolution

• Hygiene education and training

programs

• Collection of revenue from users
• Communities work together for

construction of latrines

Community Initiatives

Health & Hygiene Education Programs

Community Initiatives

Collection & Disposal of Solid Waste

Community Initiatives

Changing Perceptions: Formalizing Rural Water Supply Billing Systems in Punjab, Pakistan. Rural communities have installed water meters for sustainable & cost- effective management

Community Initiatives

Education promotion programs & Industrial homes for women

Community Initiatives

Street lights in the villages & Tree plantation

Community Initiatives

Establishment of dispensaries; & Purchase of medical equipment & transport / generators

Assessment of Community Managed Schemes

Provincial Government invests in system through community based approach and CBOs creation CBOs were trained and expected to perform well in their new role to operate & maintain the system Some CBOs have difficulties to perform as expected; some

• ther face new

challenges

Support Required

• Technical:
• By PHED Technical Staff
• Community Mobilization:
• By PHED Community Development Staff
• Financial:
• Funding required

Presently PHED Technical and Community Development staff is providing TECHNICAL and MANAGERIAL support to the Community Based Organizations (CBOs) who are operating & maintaining functional rural water supply schemes on self-help and self-financing basis

Recognizing the Performing CBOs

• Realizing the potential of the community the

HUD&PHED has devised a policy principle to handover water supply scheme in rural areas to community groups, CBOs, for O&M.

• The Department is sticking to the principle uniformly

across the Punjab and it has gained roots in community.

• The level of services and performance of CBOs

varies from scheme to scheme and district to district.

• There are CBOs which are barely maintaining the

schemes and delivering services but there are

• thers who have excelled over a period of time.

Recognizing the Performing CBOs

• These CBOs have not only realigned the rising main

and distribution network to minimize water losses but have extended the distribution network and have installed new pumping machinery.

• It is worth mentioning that these CBOs have either

utilized their savings or leveraged other funds for major investment in schemes.

• Apart from investment in infrastructure, the CBOs

have made alternate energy arrangement (in the wake of frequent power outages) in form of heavy duty diesel generators.

Recognizing the Performing CBOs

• Quite a few CBOs are using computerized billing

system, running wireless and mobile phone based complaint redressal system, maintaining bank accounts and carrying out annual audit of their accounts through professional chartered accounting firms.

• Majority of the CBOs are collecting 100% revenue

from beneficiaries through flat or volumetric (household consumer meter) tariff and meeting all

• perational expenses (energy bill, operational staff

salaries and maintenance etc) from revenues.

Recognizing the Performing CBOs

• Government of Punjab values the services of CBOs.

As token of its appreciation and to register its commitment, HUD & PHED in association with WSP- SA has organized this workshop.

• Commitment during the “First Performance Award”
• rganized by HUD&PHE Department in association

with WSP-SA, World Bank held on 19-20 April 2011:

• Redraft the MoU between PHED and the CBOs, consider

ways and means to improve post construction relationship between PHED and the CBOs.

• Strengthen the back-up support.
• Continuity of Performance Award.

Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards

• The CBOs have been operating

with varying degrees of success

• ver the years.
• Unfortunately, their services and

performance have never been recognized, to encourage them to excel.

• Depleting water tables and

frequent increases in the cost of power have impacted the management capabilities of CBOs.

Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards

• Several CBOs are finding it difficult to sustain their

performance.

• The Department felt that there was an urgent need for

a mechanism to encourage CBOs to continue performing well and excel in management.

• On the request of Department WSP has extended

technical support to PHED on various sectoral reform initiatives.

• And introduced a province-wide performance

competition among the CBOs to infuse a positive spirit of competition and send out a clear message that the Government of Punjab values the services of the CBOs.

Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards

• Department and WSP carefully selected 14

indicators) which were considered representative of the CBOs performance in:

• Effectively operating and maintaining their water supply

schemes.

• The indicators were drawn up to reflect the CBOs

management capacity and skills.

• Service delivery regime, and consumer satisfaction as

well as financial stability

Selection of Performance Indicators

Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards

Performance Indicators & Means of Verification

Indicator Means of Verification

1 Up-to-date record keeping (manual or computerized) Record registers 2 100% recovery (collection of water bills) Receipt books, record registers 3 Decision making process (inclusive or exclusive) Minutes of meetings, QARARDADS registers 4 Women’s active representation/participation in committee and in decision making process Composition of CBOs, minutes

• f meetings, QARDARDS

registers 5 Model village (water, sanitation, solid waste, education, literacy, health, etc.) CBOs venture in other areas, IEC material, records, photos 6 Zero WAPDA (Water & Power Developmnet Authority) arrears WAPDA bills of last 6 months 7 Grievance redressal system and records Complaints registers 8 Water quality Laboratory results 9 Access to information Verbal, photos of information boards, etc. 10 Lowest tariff Receipt books, record registers 11 No or minimum major repair Expenditures registers 12 24x7 water supply Verbal 13 100% metering Photos/receipt books 14 Any other initiative/innovation that demonstrate sustainability of CBOs operation (stand-by pumps, generators, one window

• peration, etc.)

Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards

• Five independent, external panellists were chosen to

evaluate the performance of the 20 selected CBOs through records examination, discussions and interviews with the representatives of the CBOs.

Selection of Independent Panelists Selection of Competing CBOs

• Department selected 21 CBOs across the province,

from amongst a total of 2,448, based on their performance in operating & maintaining their drinking water supply schemes over the years. The field staff of the Department assessed the field performance of the CBOs in their respective districts, and made recommendations for inclusion in the final list.

Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards

• Acknowledgement and recognition of the CBOs’

work;

• Promotion of the sustainability of community

managed schemes through performance awards; and

• Institutionalization of the awards competition and

moving from awards to rewards

Objectives

Main Results and Lessons Learnt

• The event send a very strong message to CBOs who

could not attend that they have to improve their performance to get invited to such a forum and to be recognized.

• Keeping in view the success of the event the

Department announced continuity on regular annual basis in three stages:

• Stage I:

Self selection of CBOs for competitions and ranking of top three CBOs in each district by PHED staff

• Stage II:

Ranking of top CBO of each district by a third party through field visit

• Stage III:

Competition among top CBOs of each district (total 35 districts) by independent panellist

Summary Conclusion

• The concept was well received by the

Department & CBOs and achieved the desired objectives to charge the CBOs.

• The Department is in process of

institutionalizing the performance awards process as a regular event with technical assistance of WSP.

• The CBOs have already started updating their

records and improving their services in anticipation of next event.

THANK YOU

Future Hopes for Safe Drinking Water