Government of Punjab Pakistan Sustainable Rural Water Supplies Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards Housing Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department
Sequence of Presentation Preamble Water Quality Area Breakup Situation Analysis Meeting MDG for Water Supply Coverage Water Supply Coverage Vision
Sequence of Presentation Rural Water Supply Schemes Issues Water Sector Water Sector Investment Dysfunctional Rural Water Supply Schemes Diagnosis Failure Community Based Demand Driven Approach
Sequence of Presentation Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes Community Initiatives Assessment of Community Managed Schemes Recognizing the Performing CBOs Incentivising Sustainability Through Performance Awards Summary Conclusion
Preamble Clean drinking water and sanitation is a basic human right, an indispensable human necessity.
Preamble Punjab is the country’s most populous province comprising of 56% of total population. Of the 89 million people living in the province, 31% (28 million) live in urban and 69% (61 million) in rural areas.
Water Quality Area Breakup Provision of Total Area of Punjab: 205,345 Sq. K.M. sustainable HILLY AREA 25,976 S.Km water supply 10,000 S.Km 12.65% to such a 4.87% BARANI large BARANI SWEET ZONE population in BRACKISH 109,593 S.Km HILLY itself is a big 59,776 S.Km BRACKISH challenge 29.11% SWEET ZONE 53.40%
Situation Analysis
Situation Analysis
Meeting MDG for Water Supply Coverage in Punjab MDGs Projected Population Targets 2015 year of Coverage Sub Sector (2009-10) Reaching (%) (%) MDGs Urban Water 80.00 2009-10 83 Supply Rural Water 64.65 2020-21 38 Supply
Water Supply Coverage in Rural Areas Villages Population (in million) Un- Un- Total Served Total Served Served Served 23.23 37.91 25,875 4,058 21,817 61.143 (38%) (62%)
Vision The vision of the Government of the Punjab is provision of safe drinking water of an adequate quantity at an affordable cost through equitable, efficient and sustainable services to all citizens by 2020.
Rural Water Supply Schemes (Background) Rural water supply schemes funded by GoPb through ADP. Planning, designing and execution by PHED. On completion O&M by PHED (cost borne by GoPb) up to 1991. After 1991 communities made exclusively responsible for O&M of new schemes. Major repairs of SAP schemes by the Government upto 2001. Presently all rural water supply schemes are being maintained by User Committees / Community Based Organizations on self-help basis.
Issues Water Sector (Rural Areas) Water level depletion due to excessive mining of underground water and decreasing recharge of aquifers. Wastage of sweet drinking water as a result of lack of awareness, absence of regulatory frameworks, non existence of demand management tools like consumer meters and highly inappropriate tariffs. Contamination of surface and underground water aquifers due to discharge of untreated industrial, domestic and commercial effluent.
Issues Water Sector (Rural Areas) Increase in arsenic levels and of other contaminants in the underground water aquifer. Our rural water sector is being operated and maintained mostly by the rural communities, without any administrative, technical, and financial support from the Government. There is a total absence of any mechanism to rehabilitate and augment rural water supply schemes after the passage of the designed life of the scheme.
Water Sector Investment Total No. of Completed Completion Cost Schemes (Rs. In Million) 30287.000 4058 (US$ 352 Million)
Investment on Functional Community Managed Schemes Total No. of Schemes Completion Cost Managed by Communities (Rs. In Million) 18869.000 2448 (US$ 219 Million)
Investment on Functional Managed by TMAs Total No. of Schemes Completion Cost Managed by TMAs (Rs. In Million) 1514.000 267 (US$ 18 Million)
Investment Required for Rehabilitation of Dysfunctional Schemes Total No. of Dysfunctional Rehabilitation Cost Schemes (Rs. In Million) 6500.000 1343 (US$ 76 Million)
Overall Status of Completed Rural Water Schemes Functional Schemes Total No. Maintained By of Functional Dysfunctional Schemes CBOs TMA Total 4058 2715 1343 2448 267 2715 (67%) (33%) (90%) (10%)
Dysfunctional Rural Water Supply Schemes Survey conducted in Feb. 2009 by PHED staff under supervision of DCOs. No. of non-functional schemes 1343 Major reasons for non-functional schemes Source failure (342 schemes) (25%) Major defects in machinery / rising main / distribution (24%) network (323 schemes) Non payment of WAPDA dues / Disconnection (227 (17%) schemes) Theft of major components like electric motor, (09%) transformer etc. (116 schemes) Miscellaneous like community conflict, poor service (25%) delivery & poverty related issues etc. (334 schemes)
Diagnoses of Failure Managerial / Financial Technical Social (25%) (26%) (49%) Community Non Payment of Source Failure Major defects in conflict Dues Revenue not Theft of major machinery / matching components rising main / expenditure like electric distribution Poor Recovery motor, network etc Non transformer etc representative CBO
Community Based Demand Driven Approach Empowerment of Communities through social mobilization and decision making. Inter and Intra Generational Equity - addressing the needs of present and future generation. Community involvement in identification, planning, designing and implementation is the key approach. Beneficiaries participated from the need assessment and planning through the construction stages. Eventually takes over the O&M of mechanized water supply & sanitation systems.
Community Based Demand Driven Approach PHED is Community constructing eventually takes schemes with over the O&M of community mechanized water involvement in supply & MoU identification, sanitation planning, systems designing and implementation
Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes Area of Development Benefits Water Availability of safe drinking water helped in reducing incidences of water borne diseases
Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes Area of Benefits Development • Improved mobility for all, Environment particularly for women and elderly persons in wet season • Improved drains and paved streets • Reduction in stagnant ponds
Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes Area of Benefits Development • School enrollment increased Education • Especially in girls children
Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes Area of Benefits Development • Saving of 3 – 5 hours daily on Economic Condition account of fetching water from distant sources • Time used for income generation activities
Areas of Development in Community Managed Schemes Area of Development Benefits • More active role in community activities, Leadership decision making and conflict resolution • Hygiene education and training programs • Collection of revenue from users • Communities work together for construction of latrines
Community Initiatives Health & Hygiene Education Programs
Community Initiatives Collection & Disposal of Solid Waste
Community Initiatives Changing Perceptions: Formalizing Rural Water Supply Billing Systems in Punjab, Pakistan. Rural communities have installed water meters for sustainable & cost- effective management
Community Initiatives Education promotion programs & Industrial homes for women
Community Initiatives Street lights in the villages & Tree plantation
Community Initiatives Establishment of dispensaries; & Purchase of medical equipment & transport / generators
Assessment of Community Managed Schemes Provincial Some CBOs CBOs were Government have difficulties trained and invests in to perform as expected to system expected; some perform well through other face new in their new community challenges role to operate based & maintain the approach and system CBOs creation
Support Required Technical: By PHED Technical Staff Community Mobilization: By PHED Community Development Staff Financial: Funding required Presently PHED Technical and Community Development staff is providing TECHNICAL and MANAGERIAL support to the Community Based Organizations (CBOs) who are operating & maintaining functional rural water supply schemes on self-help and self-financing basis
Recognizing the Performing CBOs Realizing the potential of the community the HUD&PHED has devised a policy principle to handover water supply scheme in rural areas to community groups, CBOs, for O&M. The Department is sticking to the principle uniformly across the Punjab and it has gained roots in community. The level of services and performance of CBOs varies from scheme to scheme and district to district. There are CBOs which are barely maintaining the schemes and delivering services but there are others who have excelled over a period of time.
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