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  1. ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡rs Pr❡❧✐♠✐♥❛r② st✉❞② ♦❢ ❊①tr❛✲●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ❣❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❝❧✉st❡rs ❛♥❞ ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✐♥ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ❣❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❝❧✉st❡rs ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡r ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ P❤❉ ❛t ◆✐❝♦❧❛✉s ❈♦♣❡r♥✐❝✉s ❆str♦♥♦♠✐❝❛❧ ❈❡♥t❡r ✭❈❆▼❑✮ ✹ t❤ ❙✈❡rr❡ ❆❛rs❡t❤ ◆✲❜♦❞② ♠❡❡t✐♥❣ ❉❡❝❡♠❜❡r ✹t❤ ✷✵✶✾✱ Pr❛❣✉❡ ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  2. ❊①tr❛●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡rs✿ ❝♦❧♦r ❜✐♠♦❞❛❧✐t② ❊①tr❛✲ ❚❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❊①tr❛ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡rs ✭❊●●❈s✮ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ t❤❡ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r② ♦❢ ❝♦❧♦r ❜✐♠♦❞❛❧✐t②✱ ❛s ✐t ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ s❤♦✇♥ ✐♥ r❡❝❡♥t ❈❧✉st❡rs s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣✐❝ st✉❞✐❡s✳ ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✐♥ ❚❤❡② ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ ❛s ❛ tr❛❝❡r ♦❢ st❛r ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❤✐st♦r✐❡s ♦❢ ❡❛r❧②✲t②♣❡ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡r ❣❛❧❛①✐❡s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❣❛❧❛①②✲❣❛❧❛①② ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s✳ ❈r❡❞✐t t♦ ▲❛rs❡♥ ❡t ❛❧✱ ✷✵✵✶ ❚❤❡ ♣❡❛❦s ❝♦rr❡s♣♦♥❞ t♦ [ ❋❡ / ❍ ] ∼ − ✶ . ✺ ❛♥❞ − ✵ . ✺ ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  3. ▼❖❈❈❆ ❙✉r✈❡② ❞❛t❛❜❛s❡ ■ ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡rs MOCCA-Survey Database I Project ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✐♥ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r Database of nearly 2000 GC models sampling the following initial parameter space ❈❧✉st❡r Detailed Output:  Snapshots  Stellar/Binary evolution calls  Binary-single/ Binary-binary interactions  Binary Formation  Details of Escaping Objects  Global evolution of nearly 300 parameters. Galactocentric Radii ~ 1 to 50 kpc Black Hole Populations in Dense Stellar Systems – Abbas Askar ❈r❡❞✐t t♦✿ ❆s❦❛r ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✶✼ ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  4. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧ st❛t❡✿ ♠♦❞❡❧ s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡rs ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❲❡ s❡❧❡❝t❡❞ ♠♦❞❡❧s ❛❝❝♦r❞✐♥❣ t♦ t❤❡✐r ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧ st❛t❡ ❛t ✶✷ ●②r ✱ ❞✐✈✐❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❣❛s ✐♥ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❢♦✉r ❣r♦✉♣s✿ ❈❧✉st❡r • ❋❛st s❝❡♥❛r✐♦ ✭❋■▼❇❍✮✱ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ■▼❇❍ ✭❇❍ ✇✐t❤ ♠❛ss❡ ❃ ✶✺✵ ▼ ⊙ ✮ ❢♦r♠❡❞ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ✶ ●②r ✭●✐❡rs③ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✶✺✮❀ • ❙❧♦✇ s❝❡♥❛r✐♦ ✭❙■▼❇❍✮✱ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ■▼❇❍ ❢♦r♠❡❞ ❛❢t❡r ✶ ●②r ✭●✐❡rs③ ❡t ❛❧✳✱ ✷✵✶✺✮❀ • ❇❧❛❝❦ ❍♦❧❡ ❙✉❜s②st❡♠ ✭❇❍❙✮✱ ♣r❡s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ ❇❍ s✉❜s②st❡♠ ✭ ◆ ❇❍ > ✹✵✮❀ • ❙t❛♥❞❛r❞ ✱ ❛❜s❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛♥ ■▼❇❍ ❛♥❞ ♦❢ ❛ ❇❍❙✳ ❲❡ ♦❜t❛✐♥❡❞ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡❞ ❛❜s♦❧✉t❡ ♠❛❣♥✐t✉❞❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡♥t✐r❡ ●❈ ❢♦r ✜✈❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♦♣t✐❝❛❧ ❜❛♥❞s ✭❯✱ ❇✱ ❱✱ ❘✱ ■✮ ✉s✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❋❙P❙ ❝♦❞❡✳ ❲❡ ❞✐❞ ♥♦t ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❛♥② ❛❜s♦r❜t✐♦♥ ♦r r❡❞❞❡♥✐♥❣✳ ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  5. ❘❡s✉❧ts✿ ❱ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ 80 ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r All models (964) ❈❧✉st❡rs ▲❛❝❦ ♦❢ 70 N 0 > 10 5 (520) N 12Gyr > 10 5 (489) ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ s✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ 60 ❣❛s ✐♥ Observational best ¯t ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ♦✉r s❛♠♣❧❡ ❛s 50 ❈❧✉st❡r ❡①♣❛❧❛✐♥❡❞ ✐♥ 40 ❆s❦❛r ❡t ❛❧✳ 30 ✭✷✵✶✼✳✮ 20 10 0 ¡ 2 : 0 ¡ 2 : 5 ¡ 3 : 0 ¡ 3 : 5 ¡ 4 : 0 ¡ 4 : 5 ¡ 5 : 0 ¡ 5 : 5 ¡ 6 : 0 ¡ 6 : 5 ¡ 7 : 0 ¡ 7 : 5 ¡ 8 : 0 ¡ 8 : 5 ¡ 9 : 0 ¡ 9 : 5 ¡ 10 : 0 V 80 SIMBH (74) 70 FIMBH (128) BHS (85) 60 Standard (174) All models (462) 50 Observational best ¯t ❆❧❧ t❤❡ 40 ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧ 30 st❛t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s 20 ❤❛✈❡ ❛ s✐♠✐❧❛r 10 ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥s✳ 0 ¡ 2 : 0 ¡ 2 : 5 ¡ 3 : 0 ¡ 3 : 5 ¡ 4 : 0 ¡ 4 : 5 ¡ 5 : 0 ¡ 5 : 5 ¡ 6 : 0 ¡ 6 : 5 ¡ 7 : 0 ¡ 7 : 5 ¡ 8 : 0 ¡ 8 : 5 ¡ 9 : 0 ¡ 9 : 5 ¡ 10 : 0 V ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  6. ❘❡s✉❧ts✿ ❱ − ■ ❝♦❧♦r ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r [Fe = H] = 0 : 0 (110) 40 ❈❧✉st❡rs ▼❡t❛❧❧✐❝✐t② ✐s [Fe = H] = ¡ 0 : 55 (43) 35 [Fe = H] = ¡ 0 : 6 (111) ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ t❤❡ ♠❛✐♥ [Fe = H] = ¡ 1 : 3 (156) ❣❛s ✐♥ 30 [Fe = H] = ¡ 1 : 7 (42) ❢❡❛t✉r❡ t♦ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r All models (462) ❈❧✉st❡r 25 ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❤❡ 20 ❱ − ■ ❝♦❧♦r 15 ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥✱ 10 ❜✉t ✐t ✐s ♥♦t 5 t❤❡ ♦♥❧② ♦♥❡✳ 0 0 : 70 0 : 75 0 : 80 0 : 85 0 : 90 0 : 95 1 : 00 1 : 05 1 : 10 1 : 15 1 : 20 1 : 25 V ¡ I SIMBH (74) 40 FIMBH (128) 35 BHS (85) Standard (174) 30 All models (462) 25 ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ 20 ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝❡ ♦♥ 15 t❤❡ t②♣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ 10 ♠♦❞❡❧ ❢♦r 5 ❱ − ■ ❝♦❧♦r✳ 0 0 : 70 0 : 75 0 : 80 0 : 85 0 : 90 0 : 95 1 : 00 1 : 05 1 : 10 1 : 15 1 : 20 1 : 25 V ¡ I ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  7. ❱✲■ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❢♦r [ ❋❡ / ❍ ] = − ✶ . ✸✶ ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡rs ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✐♥ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❈❧✉st❡r [Fe = H] = ¡ 1 : 3 (156) 20 SIMBH (23) FIMBH (42) BHS (38) 15 Standard (53) 10 5 0 0 : 78 0 : 80 0 : 82 0 : 84 0 : 86 0 : 88 0 : 90 0 : 92 0 : 94 0 : 96 0 : 98 1 : 00 1 : 02 1 : 04 V ¡ I ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  8. ❘❡s✉❧ts✿ ❤❛❧❢✲❧✐❣❤t r❛❞✐✉s ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❊①tr❛✲ 0 : 60 ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ FIMBH (128) ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r 0 : 55 SIMBH (74) ❈❧✉st❡rs 0 : 50 ❍❛❧❢✲❧✐❣❤t BHS (85) 0 : 45 ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ Standard (174) r❛❞✐✉s ✭ ❘ ❤❧ ✮ ❣❛s ✐♥ 0 : 40 All models (462) ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❢♦r 0 : 35 ❈❧✉st❡r 0 : 30 ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t 0 : 25 ❞②♥❛♠✐❝❛❧ 0 : 20 0 : 15 st❛t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s✳ 0 : 10 0 : 05 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 R hl ●❈ ✇✐t❤ ❧❛r❣❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❡❞ ❘ ❤❧ s❤♦✉❧❞ ♥♦t ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ■▼❇❍s✱ ✇❤❡r❡❛s ●❈ ✇✐t❤ ✈❡r② ❧❛r❣❡ ❘ ❤❧ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ❇❍❙s✳ ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

  9. ❘❡s✉❧ts✿ ❝❡♥tr❛❧ s✉r❢❛❝❡ ❜r✐❣❤t♥❡ss ❊①tr❛✲ ●❛❧❛❝t✐❝ ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r 10 ❈❧✉st❡rs SIMBH FIMBH ❊♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ BHS ❣❛s ✐♥ Standard 5 ●❧♦❜✉❧❛r R hl (pc) 4 ❈❧✉st❡r 3 2 1 10 100 1000 1e4 1e5 1e6 1e7 1e8 1e9 Central surface brightness (mag = pc 2 ) 100 SIMBH Central velocity dispersion (km = s) FIMBH 50 BHS Standard 20 10 5 2 10 100 1000 1e4 1e5 1e6 1e7 1e8 1e9 Central surface brightness (mag = pc 2 ) ❆❣♦st✐♥♦ ▲❡✈❡q✉❡ ❊●●❈❙ ❛♥❞ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ❣❛s ✇✐t❤ ▼❖❈❈❆

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