Pr Pres esent entatio ation con ontents tents The ballast - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pr Pres esent entatio ation con ontents tents The ballast - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 10, 2023 163 likes •605 views

Landfill 2015 The use of geosynthetics in the installation of ballast layers Ch Charl Ci Cilliers, s, Pr Pr Eng Jones & Wagener (Pty) Ltd Engineering & Environmental Consultants Pr Pres esent entatio ation con ontents tents

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SLIDE 1

Ch Charl Ci Cilliers, s, Pr Pr Eng

Jones & Wagener (Pty) Ltd

Landfill2015

The use of geosynthetics in the installation

  • f ballast layers

Engineering & Environmental Consultants

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SLIDE 2

Pr Pres esent entatio ation con

  • ntents

tents

  • The ballast layer

– Why install a ballast layer – Types (conventional and geosynthetic) – Positive and negative aspects of GBL – Cost comparison of different GBLs

  • The site trial
  • Conclusions and recommendations

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landf

ndfil ill2015

2015

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SLIDE 3

Wh Why ins nsta tall ll a b a bal allast ast lay ayer er

  • Intimate contact

– Prevention of waves and folds

  • Protection from mechanical damage (allows desilting

and maintenance)

  • Protection from UV degradation and temperature

effects

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 4

Wh Why ins nsta tall ll a b a bal allast ast lay ayer er

  • Intimate contact

– Prevention of waves and folds

  • Protection from mechanical damage (allows desilting

and maintenance)

  • Protection from UV degradation and temperature

effects

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Wh Why ins nsta tall ll a b a bal allast ast lay ayer er

  • Intimate contact

– Prevention of waves and folds

  • Protection from mechanical damage (allows desilting

and maintenance)

  • Protection from UV degradation and temperature

effects

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 6

Wh Why ins nsta tall ll a b a bal allast ast lay ayer er

  • Intimate contact

– Prevention of waves and folds

  • Protection from mechanical damage (allows desilting

and maintenance)

  • Protection from UV degradation and temperature

effects

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 7

Int ntimate imate con

  • ntact

tact

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 8

Ty Types s of ballast ast layer

  • Conventional ballast layers

– Rock – Sand – Cement stabilised sand – Precast concrete blocks

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 9

Ro Rock k ballast ast layer

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 10

Ro Rock k ballast ast layer

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • Drainage

nage Layer

  • Protectio

tection n Layer r Req

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SLIDE 11

Sa Sand nd ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 12

Sa Sand nd ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • Particl

ticle e size e < 3mm

  • No Prote

tect ction

  • n Layer

r Req

  • Drainage

nage

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SLIDE 13

St Stab abilised ilised san and d ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 14

St Stab abilised ilised san and d ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • Particl

ticle e size e < 3mm

  • No Prote

tect ction Layer r Req

  • No Drainag

age Req

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SLIDE 15

Pr Prec ecas ast t con

  • ncr

crete ete ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 16

Pr Prec ecas ast t con

  • ncr

crete ete ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • High cost
  • Protectio

tection n Layer r Req Req

  • No Drainag

age Req

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SLIDE 17

Pr Prec ecas ast t con

  • ncr

crete ete ba ballast ast lay ayer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 18

Ty Types s of ballast ast layer

  • Geosynthetic ballast layers (GBLs)

– Protection geotextile – Concrete filled geocells – Fibre reinforced concrete – Double woven propylene tubes (local) – Double woven propylene tubes (international)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 19

Co Concrete ete fille lled d geocells ells ballast last layer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 20

Co Concrete ete fille lled d geocells ells ballast last layer er

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • High cost
  • Protectio

tection n Layer r Req Req

  • No Drainag

age Req

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SLIDE 21

Fi Fibre reinfo forced rced concr crete ete ballast ast layer

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 22

Fi Fibre reinfo forced rced concr crete ete ballast ast layer

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • Extreme

remely y High cost

  • No Prote

tect ction Layer r Req

  • No Drainag

age Required red

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SLIDE 23

Fi Fibre reinfo forced rced concr crete ete ballast ast layer

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 24

Do Doub uble e wo woven en ba ballast ast lay ayer er (loc

  • cal)

al)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 25

Do Doub uble e wo woven en ba ballast ast lay ayer er (loc

  • cal)

al)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • UV stability

bility

  • Stren

ength gth of interla rlaci cing

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SLIDE 26

Do Doub uble e wo woven en ba ballast ast lay ayer er (Int nt.) .)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 27

Do Doub uble e wo woven en ba ballast ast lay ayer er (Int nt.) .)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • Importe
  • rted
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SLIDE 28

Do Doub uble e wo woven en ba ballast ast lay ayer er (Int nt.) .)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 29

As Aspe pects cts of

  • f GB

GBL

  • Positive Aspects

– Less risk of damage to the geomembrane – Airspace savings

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 30

Da Dama mage ge from

  • m cov
  • ver

er lay ayers ers

  • Nosko et al.(2000)

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

ELL survey data from 300 sites – over 3M m2 of GM

GSI CQA Course: Part 3 Geomembrane Placement, Seaming and Field Testing Slide 84

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SLIDE 31

Da Dama mage ge from

  • m cov
  • ver

er lay ayers ers

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 32

As Aspe pects cts of

  • f GB

GBL

  • Negative Aspects

– UV degradation – Veneer stability – Anchorage – Time to fill geosynthetics – Cost

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 33

GB GBL Cos L Cost com

  • mpa

parison rison

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

No. No. Alter ernati native e descripti ption:

  • n:

Cost per m3

  • f waste

e stored ed % m more than n lowest Cost per m2

  • f liner

er footpr print nt % m more than n lowest 1 300mm cement stabilised sand ballast layer with protection geotextile R 129 8.4% R 885.11 4.4% 2 Fibre Reinforced Concrete Ballast Layer R 189 59% R 1347.99 59% 3 Double polypropylene tubes (local), filled with cement stabilised material, 100mm thick. R 124 4.2% R 872.57 3.0% 4 Double woven tubes (international), filled with tailings (thickness negligible) R 119

  • R 847.44
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SLIDE 34

GB GBL Cos L Cost com

  • mpa

parison rison

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

No. No. Alter ernati native e descripti ption:

  • n:

Cost per m3

  • f waste

e stored ed % m more than n lowest Cost per m2

  • f liner

er footpr print nt % m more than n lowest 1 300mm cement stabilised sand ballast layer with protection geotextile R 129 8.4% R 885.11 4.4% 2 Fibre Reinforced Concrete Ballast Layer R 189 59% R 1347.99 59% 3 Double polypropylene tubes (local), filled with cement stabilised material, 100mm thick. R 124 4.2% R 872.57 3.0% 4 Double woven tubes (international), filled with tailings (thickness negligible) R 119

  • R 847.44
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SLIDE 35

Th The s e site te trial al

  • Hazardous waste facility in KZN
  • R&D on GBL to be filled with tailings
  • Full scale site trial
  • 4 Samples 15m long by 4.8 wide

– 2 double layer (woven geotextile) – 2 triple layer (double woven with non-woven) – 5 tubes of 93cm separated by 8cm weave

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 36

Si Side de slop

  • pe

e trial al

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 37

Si Side de slop

  • pe

e trial al

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • 26% Shrinkag

inkage

  • Consolida
  • lidati

tion

  • n

in 24 hours

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SLIDE 38

Si Side de slop

  • pe

e trial al

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 39

Ba Basin n trials als

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 40

Ba Basin n trials als

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

  • 7.5% Shrinkage

nkage

  • Difficu

ficulty lty in fillin ing

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SLIDE 41

Co Conclusio lusions ns and Re Recomm mmendation dations

Conclusions:

  • Site trial shows technical feasibility
  • Time to fill the bag still a major concern

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 42

Co Conclusio lusions ns and Re Recomm mmendation dations

Conclusions:

  • Site trial shows technical feasibility
  • Time to fill the bag still a major concern

Recommendations:

  • Approach a geosynthetic manufacturer
  • Engage with design approval authority
  • Carry out a full scale test

September 2015 Conference & Exhibition Landfill2015

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SLIDE 43

Ch Charl Ci Cilliers, s, Pr Pr Eng

Jones & Wagener (Pty) Ltd

Landfill2015

Thank you for your attention. Any questions?

Engineering & Environmental Consultants