Portrait of an anomaly Attribution Game Made up by Sue and Katherine - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Portrait of an anomaly

Attribution Game Made up by Sue and Katherine To incite you to discuss the cost and value‐effectiveness of monitoring and think about what key drivers are require to deliver an optimum outcome Watch for wild cards!

Po Portrait of

• f an

an anomaly anomaly sequ sequence of

• f even

events

• Make four groups (with members of diverse skill) and draw your color
• Pick up “Data from site selection and permitting”
• Pick up “Monitoring location options“
• Round one – select “characterization baseline monitoring cards”

Buy, pick up and turn over

• Round 2 – 10 years of monitoring cards
• Buy, pick up and turn over
• Round 3 hand out “all seeing view”
• Conclusion each group present their project history. Outcomes,

success and recommendations

7 min explain and organize) 7 min read materials and discuss 14 min discuss, select and read back of cards (make them move though this step quickly 14 min discuss, select and read back of cards (make them move though this step quickly 7 min read materials and discuss prepare report on poster board 21 min present 4 min/ group 14 Min Develop an attribution strategy any anomalies

Data from site selection and permitting

Zone C Depleted gas‐ productive sand

Deep zone, no production

Wildcat, ca 1940 P&A with records. One of a dozen

Former gas producers, one of a dozen P&A with records CO2 injection well Water wells Water well Water well Meters sea level datum Sea level ‐1000 ‐2000 Water table

Aquifer A Aquifer B

Mostly low permeability Mostly low permeability source rock

km 1 2 3

Zone D Target saline formation

Modeled 25 year CO2 plume extent

Map view

Monitoring location options

Zone C Depleted gas‐productive sand Deep zone, no production

Wildcat, ca 1940 P&A with records. One of a dozen

Meters sea level datum Sea level ‐1000 ‐2000 Water table Aquifer A Aquifer B Mostly low permeability Mostly low permeability source rock

km 1 2 3

Target saline formation Modeled 30 year CO2 plume extent

A

400 Soil gas stations 22 Ground water wells 4 Above‐zone monitoring wells 4 In‐zone monitoring wells

3‐D Seismic Survey

3‐D Seismic Survey over whole area Location key

Map view Soil gas over whole area A B C D

Conclusions from Sue and Katherine

• Attribution of anomaly (incident or allegation) is hard, prepare for it.
• Smarter monitoring design would help. E.g. attention to groundwater

system dynamics, discharge points; well in top of depleted gas field structure, details of heterogeneity in reservoir C.

• Smarter monitoring design does not mean more monitoring. Cost and

effort should be optimized without sacrificing accuracy.

• Models of expected and unexpected material impact events (ALPMI) would

be helpful, it is very hard to interpret data without a model.

• We think the leakage events shown are not really realistic – leakage to

surface would be retarded more. Give us more monitoring rounds to detect it.

Ten years Injection Zone pressure and chemistry plots

baseline

Pressure

Monitoring well D‐1 Monitoring well D‐2 Monitoring well D‐3 Monitoring well D‐4

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 ‐1 1000 ‐4 ‐8 ‐12 Time (years)

Time (years)

Aqueous Chemistry

10000 100000 100 10 1 Time (years)

Headspace Gas Chemistry

C1/(C2+C3) ‐2 2 del 18O (permil) del 13C CO2 (PDB) ‐‐80 ‐100 ‐60 ‐40 ‐20 5 5.5 4 6.5 7 7.5 pH 40 60 80 100 20 CH4/CO2 40 60 80 100 20 TDS g/L 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 ‐1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 ‐1 18 17 15 14 13 19 12 1 16 8 7 6 5 4 3 9 2 1

Downhole pressure in D (Mpa) Wellhead pressure in D (Bar)

this is early breakthrough of Anthro CO2 in these two wells.

Ten years depleted gas reservoir C pressure and chemistry plots

baseline

Pressure

Monitoring well C‐1 Monitoring well C‐2 Monitoring well C‐3 Monitoring well C‐4

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 ‐1 1000 ‐4 ‐8 ‐12 Time (years)

Time (years)

Aqueous Chemistry

10000 100000 100 10 1 Time (years)

Headspace Gas Chemistry

C1/(C2+C3) ‐2 2 del 18O (permil) del 13C CH4 (PDB) ‐‐80 ‐100 ‐60 ‐40 ‐20 5 5.5 4 6.5 7 7.5 pH 40 60 80 100 20 CH4/CO2 40 60 80 100 20 TDS g/L 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 ‐1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 ‐1 8 7 6 5 4 3 9 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 9 2 1

Downhole pressure in C (Mpa) Wellhead pressure in C (Bar)

this is early accumulation of small methane cap in these two wells.