Porosity, XRD, SEM and SAXS Measurements on Greek Natural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Porosity, XRD, SEM and SAXS Measurements on Greek Natural Clinoptilotite Student: Dimitris Katsios Supervisor: Nikos Lygeros EMT-IT Msc Oil & Gas Technology 11/11/2014 Structure of the presentation } What is zeolite? } Possible
Student: Dimitris Katsios Supervisor: Nikos Lygeros EMT-IT Msc Oil & Gas Technology 11/11/2014
} What is zeolite? } Possible applications } Current status in Greece } Importance of studying it } Sampling, sample preparation } Results } Conclusions
} Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate
} Discovered in 1756 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt } Framework structure characterized by the
} Agriculture and Animal husbandry } Human health } Oil & gas Industry } Nuclear industry } Water purification } Catalysts and sorbents } Construction } Heating and refrigeration } Detergents
} 10 zeolite deposits have been located in
} Five of the at the area of Evros } Important due to quantity and quality } Kokkalo, Petrota, Pentalofos, Metaxades, Kirki } For one of them exploration license has been
} Chemical analysis for hazardous and toxic
} Compound analysis for zeolite concentration and
} Porosity analysis for molecular structure and
} Based on these results the possible applications can
} 2 deposits: Petrota and Kokkalo (North Evros) } 3 samples from each deposit } 3 granularities for each sample (125, 90 and 45 µm) } In order to remove organic matter and other
} In order to remove the absorbed H2O2, water and
} For each sample 3 scans at x200, x1000, x5000
} The crystalline nature of the material is obvious
} Fractal structure is also observed } The sharp edges and the smooth surfaces of the
P4M2 O3M2 O2M3 P6M3
Kokkalo Element Percent Oxygen 78.45 Silicon 13.26 Aluminium 3.34 Carbon 1.95 Potassium 1.03 Calcium 0.67 Magnesium 0.34 Sodium 0.25 Copper 0.20 Iron 0.19 Zinc 0.13 Rhenium 0.09 Titanium 0.05 Tantalum 0.02 Sulfur 0.02
78,4517
Petrota Element Percent Oxygen 76.19 Silicon 13.84 Aluminium 3.83 Carbon 2.33 Potassium 1.23 Sodium 0.70 Calcium 0.55 Copper 0.29 Zinc 0.27 Vanadium 0.26 Iron 0.25 Magnesium 0.16 Titanium 0.09 Sulfur 0.01
76,1867
Sample Si/Al O1 4.34 O2 4.13 O3 3.53 P4 3.86 P5 3.59 P6 3.40
} XRD and EDX results have quantitative but not
} The major difference is obtained at the
} EDX analysis shows much higher quantities
Average Kokkalo
Oxygen 53.26% Silicon 28.31% Aluminium 7.01% Calcium 2.62% Fluorine 1.64% Hydrogen 1.63% Sodium 1.60% Zirconium 1.43% Potassium 1.36% Nickel 0.41% Rubidium 0.21% Bismuth 0.14% Arsenic 0.13% Gallium 0.12% Cobalt 0.06% Nitrogen 0.04% Magnesium 0.03% Titanium 0.00%
Average Kokkalo
0,5326
Average Petrota
Oxygen 52.96% Silicon 27.21% Aluminium 7.33% Calcium 3.32% Hydrogen 1.67% Iodine 1.49% Potassium 1.23% Carbon 0.99% Sodium 0.91% Molybdenum 0.85% Fluorine 0.67% Zirconium 0.59% Chromium 0.23% Nitrogen 0.19% Zinc 0.11% Manganese 0.10% Cobalt 0.09% Lithium 0.06%
Average Petrota
0,5296
} The zeolites (clinoptilolites and heulandites)
Average Kokkalo
0,947 Average Kokkalo
Average Petrota
0,9105 Average Petrota
Sample Zeolites Other O1M3 92.71% 7.29% O2M3 96.89% 3.10% O3M3 94.49% 5.50% P4M3 91.84% 8.17% P5M3 88.61% 11.39% P6M3 92.69% 7.32% ¡ ¡ ¡ Average ¡Kokkalo 94.70% 5.30% Average ¡Petrota 91.05% 8.96%
Sample Crystallinity O1 43.6% O2 44.4% O3 54.9% P4 59.4% P5 53.6% P6 59.3% Average ¡Kokkalo 47.6% Average ¡Petrota 57.4%
} The I(q) vs log(q) curves are characterized by a
} This indicates that the scattering intensities are
} Applying segmented linear regression at the data,
} The Ds values of the samples fluctuate around 2.45
} This means that the primary particles of the
} The Dm of the measured zeolites have similar
} The bend in log I versus log q figure
} The radii of gyration (Rg) calculated for each
Sample Qp S/V Dp Pp T O1 1.16E-‑03 2.59 2.15E-‑02 3.50E-‑01 5.12E-‑03 O2 1.66E-‑04 3.06 8.11E-‑03 1.56E-‑01 3.24E-‑04 O3 9.68E-‑04 3.04 1.96E-‑02 3.75E-‑01 4.55E-‑03 P4 9.96E-‑04 3.46 1.99E-‑02 4.33E-‑01 5.42E-‑03 P5 7.35E-‑04 2.96 1.71E-‑02 3.18E-‑01 2.94E-‑03 P6 8.65E-‑04 2.92 1.85E-‑02 3.40E-‑01 3.70E-‑03
} All the samples examined from both Petrota and
} No hazardous or toxic concentrations were
} The characteristics of both minerals are similar to
} Based on the results both deposits can be
} The wide range of applications of zeolite