PNLO Presentation
PNLO The Pa-oh National Liberation Organization (PNLO) Index 1. History of Burma …………………………………………………………………………………….……3 1.1 Pa- oh people…………………………………………………………………………………………..7 2. About PNLO…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 2.1 Members…………………………………………………………………………………………….... 12 2.2 PNLO’s Members……………………………………………………………………………..…… 14 2.PNLO’ Structure ……………………………………………………………………………….……… 15 3. Vision and Mission……………………………………………………………………………….…….. 16 4. Areas………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..17 4.1 Politics……………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 17 4.2 Sensibilization ………………………………………………………………………………………. 18 4.3 Education……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 4.4 Social……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 5. Projects……………………………………………………………………………………………………….21 2 Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization
PNLO 1. History of Burma Traditional kingships and other local governments that evolved among Burma's people over many centuries were largely stripped of their authority after Britain's 19th century conquest of Burma. In 1938 General Aung San started his anti-imperialist movement. He is recognized as the leading architect of independence, and the founder of the Union of Burma. After years of colonial administration with limited local self-government, the Panglong Agreement was signed between the Burmese government under Aung San and the Shan , Kachin, and Chin representative authorities at Panglong on 12 February 1947. The Agreement was sustained by three main principles: Independence, Democracy and Equality. Different representative signed the Agreement; Pa-Oh people took an active role on this agreement by the signature of U Phyu, representative of the Pa-Oh people from Hsihseng Area at the time. One of the most significant points of the Panglong Agreement is the acceptance of full autonomy in internal administration for the Frontier Areas. Union of Burma achieved independence in 1948. The new state came into being as a parliamentary democracy and, although beset by ethnic strife as minority peoples demanded autonomy from the Burman majority, survived as a representative government until an army coup in 1962. Democratic rule ended in 1962 when General Ne Win led a military coup. He ruled for nearly 26 years and pursued policies under the rubric of the Burmese Way to Socialism. Between 1962 and 1974, Burma was ruled by a revolutionary council headed by the general, and almost all aspects of society (business, media, and production) were nationalized or brought under government control. In an effort to consolidate power, Ne Win and many other top generals resigned from the military and took civilian posts. From 1974 a one-party political system was instituted. 3 Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization
PNLO Between 1974 and 1988, Burma was effectively ruled by Ne Win through the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), which from 1964 until 1988 was the sole political party. During this period, Burma became one of the world's most impoverished countries. The Burmese Way to Socialism combined Soviet-style nationalization and central planning with the governmental implementation of superstitious beliefs. Almost from the beginning, there were sporadic protests against the military rule, many of which were organized by students. These protests were almost always violently suppressed by the government. On 7 July 1962, the government broke up demonstrations at Rangoon University, killing hundreds students. In 1974, the military violently suppressed anti- government protests at the funeral of U Thant, a Burmese diplomat and former General Secretary of the United Nations. Again, student protests in 1975, 1976 and 1977 were quickly suppressed by overwhelming force. In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8/8/88 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, while General Saw Maung staged a military coup and formed the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The military government finalized plans for the People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. SLORC changed the country's official English name from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 1989. In May 1990, the government held free elections for the first time in almost 30 years. The National League for Democracy (NLD), of which Aung San Suu Kyi helped lead, won 392 out of a total 489 seats(i.e., 80% of the seats). The election results however, were annulled by SLORC, which refused to step down. Led by Than Shwe since 1992, the military regime has made cease- fire agreements with most ethnic guerilla groups. In 1992, SLORC unveiled plans to create a new constitution through the National Convention, which began 9 January 1993. In 1997, the 4 Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization
PNLO State Law and Order Restoration Council was renamed the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). On 23 June 1997, Burma was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The National Convention continues to convene and adjourn. Many major political parties, particularly the NLD, have been absent or excluded, and little progress has been made. On 27 March 2006, the military junta moved the national capital from Rangoon to the official new capital Naypyidaw, meaning "city of the kings" In November 2006, the International Labour Organization (ILO) announced it will be seeking at the International Criminal Court "to prosecute members of the ruling Myanmar junta for crimes against humanity" over the continuous forced labour of its citizens by the military. According to the ILO, an estimated 800,000 people are subject to forced labour in Burma. The 2007 Burmese anti-government protests were a campaign of civil resistance. The demonstrations were at first dealt with quickly and harshly by the junta, with dozens of protesters arrested and detained. Starting 18 September, the protests were led by thousands of Buddhist monks, and were allowed to proceed until a renewed government crackdown on September 26. During the crack-down, there were rumours of disagreement within the Burmese armed forces, but none were confirmed. Many referred to this event as the Saffron Revolution. During the 2007 anti-government protests a significant role was played by Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the opposition to the Burmese military government. Aung San Suu Kyi was under periods of house arrest from 1989 – 2010. In September 2007, hundreds of monks paid respects to her at the gate of her home, which was the first time in four years that people were able to see her in public. She was then given a second public appearance on 29 September, when she was allowed to leave house arrest briefly and meet with a UN envoy trying to persuade the junta to ease its crackdown against the pro-democracy uprising, to which the Burmese government reluctantly agreed. World governments remain divided on how to deal with the military junta. 5 Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization
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