Plataforma Solar de Almer Almer a a: : Plataforma Solar de The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
CERN Academic Training Programme 2005-2006 Towards Sustainable Energy Systems ? Geneve, 28-31 March, 2006 Plataforma Solar de Almer Almer a a: : Plataforma Solar de The European Solar Thermal Test Centre The European Solar Thermal Test
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
CERN Academic Training Programme 2005-2006 Towards Sustainable Energy Systems ? Geneve, 28-31 March, 2006
Plataforma Solar de Plataforma Solar de Almer Almerí ía a: : The European Solar Thermal Test Centre The European Solar Thermal Test Centre
Diego Martínez Plaza diego.martinez@psa.es Plataforma Solar de Almería
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
BASIC DATA BASIC DATA
Goal: : R&D in potential industrial applications of concentrating solar R&D in potential industrial applications of concentrating solar thermal energy and solar photochemistry. thermal energy and solar photochemistry.
Location: Distributed over 103 hectares in the Distributed over 103 hectares in the Tabernas Tabernas Desert ( Desert (Almer Almerí ía a). ).
Annual Budget: Approximately 5 M Approximately 5 M€ €, of which 40% come from own income. , of which 40% come from own income.
Human Resources: Approximately 100 persons, 18 of them in Madrid. Approximately 100 persons, 18 of them in Madrid. Auxiliary personnel represent 60%. Auxiliary personnel represent 60%.
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
DIRECTORATE GENERAL DEPUTY DIRECTORATE-GENERAL
NUCLEAR FISSION
RENEWABLE ENERGY
COMBUSTION & GASIFICATION
TECHNICAL OFFICE OPERATION PHYSICS TJ-II Energy Socio-economics
PLATAFORMA
CEDER E.T.Gónzalez TECHNICAL OFFICE
UNITS
FUSION NATIONAL LABORATORY
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
DIVISIONS
Concentration and thermal conversion Concentration and thermal conversion
0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 Temperatura (K) Eficiencia del sistema
C=1.000 5.000 10.000 20.000 Carnot
0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 Temperatura (K) Eficiencia del sistema
C=1.000 5.000 10.000 20.000 Carnot
Efficiency of an ideal solar thermal power system (optical concentrator, receiver and power conversion unit)
OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR RECEIVER RECEIVER FOSSIL BACKUP FOSSIL BACKUP HEAT HEAT STORAGE STORAGE COLD POINT COLD POINT HOT HOT POINT POINT
W W
OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR OPTICAL CONCENTRATOR RECEIVER RECEIVER RECEIVER RECEIVER FOSSIL BACKUP FOSSIL BACKUP FOSSIL BACKUP FOSSIL BACKUP HEAT HEAT STORAGE STORAGE HEAT HEAT STORAGE STORAGE COLD POINT COLD POINT COLD POINT COLD POINT HOT HOT POINT POINT HOT HOT POINT POINT
W W W W
The inherent advantage of STP technologies is their unique integrability into conventional thermal plants: All of them can be integrated as "a solar burner" in parallel to a fossil burner into conventional thermal cycles With thermal storage or fossil fuel backup solar thermal plants can provide firm capacity without the need of separate backup power plants and without stochastic perturbations of the grid. Solar thermal can supply peak power in summer heat periods when hydro and wind are scarce Solar thermal creates jobs in local Small and Medium Enterprises
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
TEST FACILITIES TEST FACILITIES
1.
Central receiver technology 5.
Solar furnace 3.
DSG Direct steam generation 4.
Parabolic dish + Stirling Stirling 2.
Parabolic-
trough collector technology 7.
Water desalination 6.
Water detoxification
1 1 2
8 7 6 5 4 3
CESA-1
Thermal power power: 7 MW. : 7 MW.
300-
heliostat field field. .
80 m.-
high tower tower with with 3 3 testing testing platforms platforms. .
Testing area area for for newly newly designed designed heliostats heliostats. .
CRS: Central Receiver System
Thermal power power: 2,7 MW : 2,7 MW
111-
heliostat field field. .
43 m.-
high tower tower with with two two testing testing platforms platforms. .
DCS: Distributed Collector System
Thermal power power: 1,2 MW : 1,2 MW
Heat storage storage: 5 : 5 MWh MWh
Coupled to to a MED a MED plant plant: 3 m : 3 m3
3/h
/h
DISS: Direct Solar Steam
Thermal power power: 1,8 MW : 1,8 MW
Steam flow flow rate rate: 1 : 1 kg kg/s /s
T max max = 400 = 400 º ºC C
P max max = 100 = 100 bar bar
650 m.-
long collectors collectors in in two two rows rows. .
HTF: Heat Transfer Fluid
LS-
3 and and EuroTrough EuroTrough collectors collectors in in two two parallel parallel rows rows. .
Used for for testing testing of
components components. .
Thermal power power: 345 : 345 kW kW
Working fluid fluid is is a a synthetic synthetic thermal thermal oil.
T max max: 420 : 420º ºC C
Currently coupled coupled to to a a thermal thermal storage storage testing testing loop loop. .
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
SOLAR FURNACE SOLAR FURNACE
Tool for achieving high flux and high temperatures ( T > 2000 ºC). Peak flux: 3000 suns. Power: 58 kW. Concentrating area: 98,5 m2. Focus diameter: 23 cm. Gaussian energy profile. Up to now, thermal materials surface treatment applications. New applications: high temperature chemical processes, industrial process heat.
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
Stand-alone electricity generation (P < 25 kW) for remote sites, with Stirling engines. At the present time, several companies are developing their own first commercial demonstration products (40,000 hours of experience accumulated at the PSA).
EURODISH/ENVIRODISH Projects: Design of new dish, price goal of 5,000 €/kWe Other key points: hybridization, automation, reliability.
PARABOLIC DISHES PARABOLIC DISHES
DISTAL: Dish-Stirling Almeria
6 units units / 3 / 3 generations generations
Direct solar solar tracking tracking
Thermal power power: 50 : 50 kW kW
Electric power power: 10 : 10 kW kW
DETOX: Detoxification Loop
Set of
6 CPC for for water water detoxification detoxification by UV. by UV.
Total volume volume: 405 l. : 405 l.
Aperture area area: 33 m2 : 33 m2
Set of
4 two two-
axis tracking tracking PTC. PTC.
Working flow flow: :
400-
5000 l/h.
Aperture area area: 128 m2 : 128 m2
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
LECE (Energy Testing of Building Components) consists of 4 16-m3 thermally
insulated test cells with one wall prepared for testing architectural components.
These tests allow component thermal losses and some optical properties as
transmissivity of light, etc., to be evaluated.
This laboratory has been quality-certified by ENAC
LECE: SOLAR ENERGY IN BUILDINGS LECE: SOLAR ENERGY IN BUILDINGS
Meteo Station
Target: : To To become become a a member member
the BSRN. BSRN.
Special spectroradiometer spectroradiometer available available: 200 : 200 – – 2500 2500 nm nm, , global, global, direct direct, , diffuse diffuse solar solar radiation radiation. .
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
MAIN HISTORICAL MILESTONES MAIN HISTORICAL MILESTONES
1977 1977 Birth of the PSA: Beginning of the CESA Birth of the PSA: Beginning of the CESA-
1 and SSPS projects. projects. 1981 1981 Solar thermal electricity supplied to the grid for the first Solar thermal electricity supplied to the grid for the first time: CRS time: CRS-
SSPS project. 1985 1985 Merging of the different facilities into the PSA. Merging of the different facilities into the PSA. 1987 1987 Signature of Spanish Signature of Spanish-
German Agreement DLR-
CIEMAT. 1990 1990 Recognition as a Recognition as a ‘ ‘Large European Scientific Installation Large European Scientific Installation’ ’. . 1999 1999 Official inauguration of the direct steam generation Official inauguration of the direct steam generation (DISS) loop. (DISS) loop.
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
Director
Administration Dept. Director’s Office R&D UNITS PSA MANAGEMENT UNIT Maintenance IT Services Civil Engineering Instrumentation Environmental Applications of Solar Energy Concentrating Solar Systems
ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION
Operation
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
SOLAR CONCENTRATING SYSTEMS SOLAR CONCENTRATING SYSTEMS R & D UNIT R & D UNIT
Zones of interest for deployment of STPP
North and South Africa,
Peninsula and Near East,
Australia,
Potential of STPP
earth (TWh/year) 240 * 106
(7% of earth surface) (TWh/year) 16 * 106 3. Solar fraction
DNI available (70%) (TWh/year) 11,2 * 106
(15%) (TWh/year) 1,68 * 106
good infrastructures (1% of dessert areas) (TWh/year) 16,8 * 103
year 2000 (TWh/year) 15 * 103
1% of arid and semi-arid areas are enough to supply annual World demand of electricity
Solar Solar Thermal Thermal Power Power Plants Plants: 2D : 2D Linear Fresnel reflector
Absorber tube and reconcentrator
Curved mirror Absorber Tube Pipe with thermal fluid Curved mirror
Parabolic troughs
Solar Solar Thermal Thermal Power Power Plants Plants: 3D : 3D
Solar Receiver Heliostats
Central Receiver
Receiver / Engine Reflector
Parabolic dishes
The The keys keys for for efficiency efficiency
η = 1- T T
2 1 4
T = σε q
I A P
C Gen R C
∗ = ∗ ∗ = η η η η
Comparison of technologies
Parabolic troughs Central Receiver Dish-Stirling Power Operation temperature Annual capacity factor Peak efficiency Net annual efficiency 30-320 MW 390-500 ºC 23-50 % 20 % 11-16 % 10-200 MW 565-800 ºC 20-77 % 18-23 % 15-20 % 5-25 kW 750 ºC 25 % 29.4 % 12-25 % Commercial status Technical risk Storage availability Hybrid designs Commercial Low Limited Yes Demonstration Medium Yes Yes Prototypes-demonstration High Batteries Yes Cost kW installed EURO/kW 2 300-2 500 2 500-2 900 5 000-8 000
*When comparing installed costs special attention should be given to Solar Multiple and Design Point values for each project.
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY
Power block Steam generator Auxiliary system Solar collector field
293ºC 390ºC 104 bar / 371ºC
Only commercial CSP technology, so far: 354 MWe in operation at the plants SEGS I to IX, in California. This technology concerns medium-temperature applications: 125º< T < 400ºC Objective: Development of improved parabolic-trough collector components seeking cost reduction and improved efficiency.
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Components and principle Receiver tube Parabolic-trough reflector
The Parabolic-trough Collector (PTC)
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Typical receiver tube
Steel pipe with selective coating Glass pipe Expansion bellows Glass pin to evacuate the air Vacuum between glass and steel pipes Glass-to-Metal welding Steel pipe with selective coating Steel pipe with selective coating Glass pipe Expansion bellows Glass pin to evacuate the air Vacuum between glass and steel pipes Glass-to-Metal welding
The Parabolic-trough Collector (PTC)
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Simplified scheme of a solar power plant with PTCs
Electricity Generation with PTCs
Steam generator
.
Deaerator Reheater Oil expansion tank Auxiliar heater Solar field Steam turbine Condenser Preheater
295 ºC oil 390 ºC oil 104 bar/371 ºC steam
Oil Circuit
17 bar/371 ºC steam
G Superheater Evapoprator Preheater Steam generator
.
Deaerator Reheater Oil expansion tank Auxiliar heater Solar field Steam turbine Condenser Preheater
295 ºC oil 390 ºC oil 104 bar/371 ºC steam
Oil Circuit
17 bar/371 ºC steam
G Superheater Evapoprator Preheater
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Solar power plant with PTCs and thermal storage system
Electricity Generation with PTCs
Steam generator
.
Deaerator Reheater Oil expansion vessel Steam turbine Condenser
Preheater Superheated steam Reheated steam
G
Molten salts (hot tank) Solar Field Molten salts (cold tank)
Steam generator
.
Deaerator Reheater Oil expansion vessel Steam turbine Condenser
Preheater Superheated steam Reheated steam
G
Molten salts (hot tank) Molten salts (hot tank) Solar Field Molten salts (cold tank) Molten salts (cold tank)
The The ‘ ‘Andasol Andasol’ ’ Commercial Commercial Project Project
KJC plants
Andasol is a 50 MW parabolic-trough solar power plants, based on SEGS experience and Eurotrough collector. Andasol has got a 5 M€ subsidy from the EC. Site already selected and rented near Granada.
Turbina de vapor Condensador Precalentador de presión baja
Desaireador
Sobrecalentador Precalentador solar Recalentador solar Generador de vapor Tanque de expansión Depósito de sal caliente Colectores S
Depósito de sal fria Almacenamiento de dos tanques de sal
‘ ‘Andasol Andasol’ ’: : Some Some figures figures
50 MWe Solar Only 7.5 h heat storage Required land (km²) 1.2 Investment cost 240 Mio € Annual electricity production (GWhe ) 181.7 LEC (€/kWhe) 0.15
phase.
ANDASOL 50 MW will avoid:
45%
Solar Field 45%
7%
HTF System 7%
Breakdown of Investment Cost for a 50MW SEGS
Site Work and I nfrastructure 3%
3%
18%
Other 18%
7%
Services 7%
7%
BoP 7%
13%
Power Block 13%
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
“F” parallel rows with a series of “N” collectors each
Industrial Process
Solar Thermal Power Plants with PTCs
The Solar Field Configuration
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Heat Storage Systems
Thermocline tank Dual Media Storage Tank
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
State-of-the-Art and Conclusions
Solar Thermal Power Plants with PTCs
best commercial example of this technology:
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY
Development of the Direct Steam Generation process (DSG) to replace thermal
DSG Plant
Auxiliary heater SDSG Plant
Auxiliary heater SDSG Plant
New absorber tubes Heat storage for steam
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Comparison between the DSG technology and the HTF (oil) technology
Smaller environmental risks because oil is replaced by water Higher steam temperature (maximun steam temperature with oil = 380ºC) Solar field control under solar radiation transients Unstability of the two-phase flow inside the receiver tubes Temperature gradients at the receiver pipes
DSG uncertainties that have been solved and clarified: Advantages of the DSG technology: The Direct Steam Generation Process
The overall plant configuration is simpler Lower investment and O&M costs Lower pressure losses and parasitics → higher plant efficiency
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Water/steam flow pattern configurations
Electricity Generation with PTCs
A A’ Section A-A’Bubbly Flow
A A’ Section A-A’Annular Flow
A A’ Section A-A’Stratified Flow
A A’ Section A-A’Intermittent Flow Typical two-phase flow pattern map for horizontal pipe
A A’ Section A-A’Bubbly Flow
A A’ Section A-A’Annular Flow
A A’ Section A-A’Stratified Flow
A A’ Section A-A’Intermittent Flow Typical two-phase flow pattern map for horizontal pipe
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Typical plant schemes for DSG and HTF plants
Super-heater Steam generator
.
Deaerator Re-heater Oil expansion vessel Auxiliar heater Solar Field Steam turbine Condenser Oil at 295 ºC Oil at 390 ºC Steam at 104 bar/371 ºC Oil circuit
HTF Plant
Auxiliary heater S
a r f i e l d Deaerator Condenser Steam turbine
DSG Plant
Water at 115 bar/115ºC Steam at 100 bar/400ºC
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
The Project INDITEP
(Integration of DSG Technology for Electricity Production)
1. Detail design of a pre-commercial DSG power plant, using the know-how gained in DISS PROJECT OBJECTIVES: Activities planned in INDITEP are the continuation of the DISS project. There are three objectives: PROJECT DURATION AND PARTNERS: Duration: from July 2002 to June 2005 Partners: CIEMAT, DLR, GES, IBERINCO, INABENSA, INITEC, FLAGSOL, FRAMATONE, ZSW The European Commission is giving financial support to INDITEP within the 5th Framework Program (contract nº. ENK5-CT-2001-00540) 2. Development and evaluation of optimised components for DSG (water/steam separators and ball joints), as well as a selective coating stable at 550ºC and a buffer storage unit. 3. Socio-economic study to identify potential market niches for DSG power plants and to asses the integration potential of this technology
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
The Project INDITEP
1. The Power Block must be robust and reliable. Efficiency is of lower priority for this plant. 2. The size must be: a) big enough to demonstrate commercial feasibility of larger DSG plants b) small enough to limit the financial risk for investors. 3. The DSG solar field will operate in recirculation mode. BASIC REQUIREMENTS Three basic requirements were defined for the design of this first DSG power plant: DETAIL DESIGN OF THE FIRST DSG PRE-COMMERCIAL SOLAR POWER PLANT
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
Once Through Boiler
Lowest Costs Least complexity Best Performance Controllability ? Flow Stability ?
Injection Process
Better Controllability Flow stability equally good More complex Higher investment costs
Recirculation Process
Better Flow Stability Better Controllability More complex Higher investment costs Higher parasitics
Feed pump Separator T u r b i n e T u r b i n e T u r b i n e Injectors Feed pump Feed pump Recirculation pump Solar Collectors Solar Collectors Solar Collectors
The Three DSG Basic Options
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
The First DSG Pre-commercial Solar Plant Simplified Scheme of the Power Block with Air Condenser
Power block parameters
Manufacturer KKK Gross power (kWe) 5472 Net power (kWe) 5175 Gross efficiency (%) 26.34 Net efficiency (%) 24.9 Steam turbine
G
Solar field Generator
HP LP
Aero-condenser
P = 65 bar T = 400ºC qm = 26000 kg/h P = 5,6 bar T = 172 ºC qm = 26000 kg/h P = 0,1 bar T = 46 ºC qm = 24000 kg/h P = 85 bar T = 126 ºC qm = 26000 kg/h
Degasifier + Storage water tank
P = 2,44 bar T = 127 ºC qm = 2000 kg/h P = 80 bar T = 115 ºC qm = 26000 kg/h P = 70 bar T = 411ºC qm = 26000 kg/h
Hot air
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
The First DSG Pre-commercial Solar Plant
Simplified Scheme of the Solar Field
Technical parameters
Power Block
1000 m
18 m 18 m
N
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
kg/s ºC
bar
1,42 153 80 0,07 280
80
1,10 289 73 1,42 290 75,0 kJ/kg 650 2434 1235 2770 1,10 362 71.7 3046 1,17 327 71,6 2937 1,17 411 69,9 3186
Feedwater Water recirculation
0,32 287
73
1273
Water preheating (3 collectors) + boiling ( 5 collectors) Water injector V1 V2
Scheme of a typical row of collectors
The First DSG Pre-commercial Solar Plant
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
The First DSG Pre-commercial Solar Plant Simulation Results
(Plant electrical net output power: 4,8 MWe) Yearly insolation (beam solar radiation): 2008 kWh/m2 Yearly number of sunlight hours: 3685 hours Yearly number of solar field operating hours: 2559 Yearly net electricity production: 9431 MWh Equivalent full-load operating hours: 1949 hours Solar field average efficiency: between 61% (Summer) and 30% (Winter) Average steam production at the DSG solar field: 5,1 kg/s (70,6% of nominal value)
Geneve, 30 March, 2006
09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900Radiation Tout Tin Solar Radiation (W/m
2)Outlet and Inlet Temp. (ºC)
Local time (hh:mm)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Steam Flow*100 (kg/s) Steam Pressure (bar) Pout Flow*100
Steam Production at 60 bar (11/07/2001)
Steam Parameters Control
Steam Production at 100bar (05/07/2001)
10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Beam solar radiation Inlet temperature Outlet temperature Solar Radiation (W/m
2)Inlet and Outlet Temperatures (ºC)
Local time (hh:mm)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110Outlet steam pressure (bar) Steam flow *100 (kg/s)
Steam pressure (bar) Steam flow *100 (kg/s)
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY
Improve the overall economics of solar power tower plants by reducing the costs of the main system components and simplifying O&M procedures.
OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:
CESA 1
This technology concerns high-temperature applications: T > 400ºC
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
CESA 1
CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY
Development of low-cost heliostats: Prices under 140 €/m2 Reflected beam quality better than 2.4 mrad New stand-alone concepts in wireless communications and photovoltaic energy supply
OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:
Sanlúcar 90 GM-100
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:
TSA
mesh;
receiver (1000ºC) at 250 kW and 3 MW;
and integration of gas turbine: SOLGATE/HST
receivers
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
SOLAR HYDROGEN: CURRENT PROJECTS SOLAR HYDROGEN: CURRENT PROJECTS
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
SOLAR HYDROGEN: THE SOLAR HYDROGEN: THE ‘ ‘PDVSA PDVSA’ ’ PROJECT PROJECT
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY OF SOLAR ENERGY AND CHARACTERIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OF THE SOLAR RESOURCE SOLAR RESOURCE R & D UNIT R & D UNIT
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
CATALYST PHOTONS REACTION
Use of the ultraviolet band of the solar spectrum, not thermal processes.
DETOXIFICATION OF POLLUTED WATER DETOXIFICATION OF POLLUTED WATER
Solar photocatalytic detoxification Projects: SOLARDETOX, LAGAR, ALBAIDA, CADOX, etc. Solar Disinfection Projects: SOLWATER, AQUACAT…..
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
European AQUASOL project : Its purpose is coupling multi-effect distillation (MED) with a double-effect absorption heat pump and solar technology. Zero waste. Spanish SOLARDESAL Project : Hybrid technology based on solar energy from stationary collector and natural gas.
SOLAR DESALINATION SOLAR DESALINATION
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLAR RADIATION
Measurement of solar radiation: Development and management of solar radiation databases Methodologies focused on the determination of design parameters in solar systems Calibration of solar radiation specific instruments Characterisation of the solar spectral distribution: Spectral-radiometer for continuous measuring of the spectral content of solar radiation components. Laboratory for spectral calibration Solar radiation calculation from satellite images (spatial distribution): Development of statistical models to estimate the solar radiation Models and visualization of information by using Geographic Information Systems
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
TRAINING AND ACCESS TRAINING AND ACCESS
Management of the PSA student programme (University of Almería, Leonardo da Vinci, etc.), courses and dissemination activities. European Commission Programmes concerning ‘Access to Large Installations and Mobility of Researchers’.
4 5 9 6
2002
4
Leonardo da Vinci
11
Others
9
UAL – Undergraduate
7
UAL – Doctorate 2003 TYPE OF GRANT
TWO MAIN ACTIVITIES TWO MAIN ACTIVITIES: : 808 438
Days of visit
70 53
Weeks of use
53 26
Visitors
20 16
Projects 2003 2002 PROGRAMA ‘IHP’ Number of grants at the PSA Number of grants at the PSA Access by European Research Groups to Access by European Research Groups to the PSA test facilities through EC the PSA test facilities through EC programmes programmes
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
A Sho rt Histo ry
GS) in c o mme rc ia l
a st o f the m wa s finishe d in 1992.
354 MWe 0 MWe
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
So me thing is Mo ving in Spa in
be e n a pprove d on la st Ma rc h.
he re we re se ve ra l c omme rc ia l proje c ts ‘on sta ndby’.
AT AF ORMA SOL AR DE AL ME RÍA (PSA), sta nds in the bre a c h of de monstra tion proje c ts, ke e ping the inte re st a live .
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
NE W F E E D- IN T ARIF F S F OR R.E . IN SPAIN
Princ iple s:
a nd to me e t K yo to ’ s c o mmittme nts.
tra nspa re nt le g a l fra me wo rk fo r I PPs
Roya l De c re e 436/ 2004 of Ma rc h 12th
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
a ) T O SE L L T HE E L E CT RICIT Y T O T HE DIST RIBUT OR
T he produc e r will re c e ive :
a riff (ART ) de fine d in RD 1432/ 2002. Pa yme nts g o down a s insta lla tion is g e tting olde r.
b) T O SE L L DIRE CT L Y IN T HE E L E CT RIT Y ST OCK MARKE T
(da ily, fixe d- te r m pe r iods or by bila te r a l c ontr a c t)
T he produc e r will re c e ive :
OPT IONS F OR SOL AR T HE RMAL POWE R PL ANT S IN SPAIN
Se lling option c a n be re vise d by a nnua l pe riods
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
a ) Re g ula te d T a riff (Art. 22.1.a ):
ART . T a riff is uniq ue fo r a ll ma rke t pro g ra m pe rio ds.
t is c o mpulso ry to supply pro duc tio n pre dic tio ns.
Pa yme nt: % ART
+ Re a c tive (b e twe e n +8% a nd –4%) - De via tio ns
Advantages: Well known Prices Scheme Less volatile premiums Disadvantages: Deviation costs (10% ART) Less profitability than market option
Alte rna tive s o f e c o no mic a l re g ime (RD 436/ 2004)
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
b) Going to the e le c tric ity stoc k ma rke t:
Pa yme nt: Po o l ma rke t pric e + Pre mium + I
nc e ntive + Re a c tive (b e twe e n + 8% a nd –4%)
Advantages: No deviation cost Disadvantages: Adapt to market agent capabilities. Higher risk because of variations of pool price (hydropower fluctuations, weather influence, fuel prices,...)
Alte rna tive s o f e c o no mic a l re g ime (RD 436/ 2004)
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Roya l De c re e 436/ 2004
te mpe ra ture in the sto ra g e syste m.
– Re g ula te d T a riff Optio n: 12% Ye a rly E le c tric ity Pro duc tio n T his b a c kup to b e use d a t no n-g e ne ra ting pe rio ds, o nly. – Ma rke t Optio n: 15% Ye a rly E le c tric ity Pro duc tio n Ba c kup c a n b e use d a t a ny time .
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Roya l De c re e 436/ 2004
PP, c o mmitme nt to c o mmunic a te the distrib uto r e le c tric ity pro duc tio n fo re c a sts 30 ho urs b e fo re ha nd fo r 24 pe rio ds pe r da y:
(Σ De via tio ns o ve r to le ra nc e s)
a riffs, Pre miums a nd Inc e ntive Re visions (only a pplic a ble to ne w pla nts):
F
irst in 2006, a fte rwa rds e a c h fo ur ye a rs
Afte r first 200 MW
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
ART : 7.2072 c €/ kWh for 2004)
T a riffs, pre mium a nd inc e ntive s: Ne w R.D.
300 % o f ART
(F irst 25 ye a rs) – 240% (fro m 26th ye a r)
le c tric ity sto c k ma rke t:
Pre mium: 250 % o f ART
(F irst 25 ye a rs) – 200% (fro m 26th ye a r)
I
nc e ntive : 10% o f ART
E uro Sun 2004 - K e yno te Spe e c h F re ib urg , 21st June 2004
ABENGOA KfW FICHTNER EEA/NREA KJC World Bank ONE BOEING SolarGenix EHN Ghersa Solar Millennium Solel CFE RSCPL BECHTEL CEPEL ESKOM NIROO ENEA ENVIROMISSION
Curre nt Co mme rc ia l Pro je c ts o n the Wo rld
LOCATION Cycle Solar Technology Solar Capacity MW Aperture [m²] Egypt Combined Cycle Trough 35 200’000 India Combined Cycle Trough 35 200’000 Mexico Combined Cycle Investor’s Choice >25 200’000 Australia Combined Cycle CFLR 35 132’000 South Africa Steam Cycle Tower 100 ? USA Steam Cycle Trough 50 300’800 Israel Steam Cycle Trough 100 500’000 Spain Steam Cycle Trough (Andasol) 50 549’360 Spain Steam Cycle Tower (PS10) 10 88’290 Spain Steam Cycle Tower (Solar Tres) 15 240’000 Italy Steam Cycle Trough (Molten salt) 40 451’215
The ISCCS Concept
Solar Field for Low Pressure Steam
Fuel200MW Gas T urbine
Forced draught fan X MW Supplementary Firing el Fuel 90 + X MW Steam T urbine elSolar Field for High Pressure Steam
Inte r na tiona l CSP Pr
e se e king Suppor t fr
Globa l E nvironme nta l F a c ility (GE F ) in the fr ame wor k of Ope ra tiona l Prog ra m No.7
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Wha t c a n we do to de c re a se c o sts ?
e a se te mpe r a tur e Inc r e a se e ffic ie nc y
– Pa ra bolic troug hs: Dire c t ste a m g e ne ra tion – Powe r towe r: Inte g ra tion into g a s turbine powe r
pla nts
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Dire c t Ste a m Ge ne ra tio n
– a se le c tive a bsorbe r c oa ting , sta ble up to 550ºC – a suita ble stora g e syste m – a low- c ost wa te r- ste a m se pa ra tor
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Po we r T
e c hno lo g y
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Sto ra g e Syste ms
– 90% e ffic ie nc y – 30 ye a r life time – inve stme nt c ost be low 20 €/ kWh of the rma l
c a pa c ity
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Sto ra g e Syste ms
a nd sto ra g e .
re fra c to ry c o nc re te vs. hig h-de nsity c a sta b le c e ra mic s fo r pa ra b o lic tro ug hs.
Ge ne ve , 30 Ma rc h, 2006
Co nc lusio ns
e t’s be optimistic !!
Se ve ra l g ood re a sons for tha t:
he ne w R.D. 436/ 04 in Spa in: E a rlie st pla nts soon
he fina nc ia l support from GE F / WB
ntry into forc e of Kyoto’s Protoc ol
just sig ne d a t the Bonn Confe re nc e by 6 c ountrie s.
Plataforma Solar de Almería: The European Solar Thermal Test Centre.
For further information........ For further information........