SLIDE 1
from
Person
to
People
Part 1/3
Kitty Genovese
Kitty Genovese
The Bystander Effect The Bystander Effect The Bystander Effect
% who intervene 25 50 75 100 Small Group (2) Large Group (6)
(Darley & Latané, 1968)
Person to People Part 1/3 Kitty Genovese The Bystander Effect - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Person to People Part 1/3 Kitty Genovese The Bystander Effect - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
from Person to People Part 1/3 Kitty Genovese The Bystander Effect Kitty Genovese The Bystander Effect The Bystander Effect 100 % who intervene 75 50 25 0 Small Group (2) Large Group (6) (Darley & Latan, 1968)
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Questions + Themes
How do groups affect our behavior toward
- thers?
How quickly and easily do we form impressions
- f other people?
How pervasive and consequential are group stereotypes? Are groups a force for good or for evil?
My Mom Pres Daniels
SLIDE 4
My Mom Pres Daniels Henri Tajfel
(1919-1982)
Minimal Group Paradigm
Fewer resources Lower favorability Enjoy outgroup failures
Group A Group B
+5
- 3
SLIDE 5
Categorization: Helpful, efficient, fast
“Thin Slicing”
Nalini Ambady
(1959-2013)
SLIDE 6
“Thin Slicing” “Thin Slicing”
How ‘thin’?
- A. One lecture
- B. Twenty minutes
- C. Five minutes
- D. Thirty seconds
- E. Six seconds
SLIDE 7
How ‘thin’?
Accuracy
vs. Stickiness vs. Self-Fulfillment
Talkativeness Politics Lying Psychopathology “Gaydar”
(“Straighdar”)
SLIDE 8
Group bias + diffusion of responsibility + categorization + snap judgments…
from
Person
to
People
Up next: Part 2/3
from
Person
to
People
Part 2/3
SLIDE 9
Group bias + diffusion of responsibility + categorization + snap judgments…
Implicit Bias
SLIDE 10
Implicit Bias Explicit Bias
SLIDE 11
% of Whites who agree
10 20 30 40 50 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006
“Do you think there should be laws against marriages between African-Americans and Whites?”
Implicit Bias
bias we don’t (or can’t) verbally express
(because we may not know it exists!)
SLIDE 12
http://implicit.harvard.edu
Implicit Association Test
SLIDE 13
- r
- r
Heart Diamond Spade Club
- r
- r
Heart Diamond Spade Club
- r
- r
Heart Diamond Spade Club
SLIDE 14
- r
- r
Heart Diamond Spade Club
- r
- r
White Bad Black Good
wonderful amazing positive terrible horrifying negative
- r
- r
White Bad Black Good amazing terrible positive
SLIDE 15
- r
- r
White Bad Black Good wonderful horrifying terrible
So what? What’s half a second?
SLIDE 16
Gun or Tool?
SLIDE 17
Reaction Time (ms) 420 430 440 450 460 White Prime Black Prime
Gun Tool
(Payne, 2001)
Hiring
Qualifications Experience Description Pregnancy Advice Strong Team captain, disciplinary board Sensitive, intelligent, relaxed
Explain options, offer phone # of health center
Moderate Team captain Sensitive, intelligent, very emotional Offer phone # of health center Weak Chess captain Independent, forthright, intense Don’t ask me, talk to your parents
Race: Candidate is either a member of a fraternity or the Black Student Union
Hiring
Strong and Weak qualifications: No effect of race
Would you recommend the candidate?
Moderate qualifications: “Fraternity” (76%) preferred over “Black Student Union” (45%)
(Dovidio & Gaertner, 2000)
SLIDE 18
Implicit Bias
Effects especially likely when decisions are:
- Fast (e.g. shoot or don’t shoot)
- Ambiguous (e.g. hiring with unclear
criteria or borderline qualifications)
- Subtle (e.g. how far to sit, how long to talk)
http://implicit.harvard.edu
Race Age Sexuality Weight Disability Gender Gender-Science Gender-Career
from
Person
to
People
Up next: Part 3/3
SLIDE 19
from
Person
to
People
Part 3/3
“Dark Side”
- f Groups
“Light Side”?
SLIDE 20
Prisoner’s Dilemma Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate Defect Player 2
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: Two years 2: Two years Defect Player 2
SLIDE 21
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: Two years 2: Two years 1: One year 2: Ten years Defect Player 2
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: Two years 2: Two years 1: One year 2: Ten years Defect 1: Ten years 2: One year Player 2
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: Two years 2: Two years 1: One year 2: Ten years Defect 1: Ten years 2: One year 1: Six years 2: Six years Player 2
SLIDE 22
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: Two years 2: Two years 1: One year 2: Ten years Player 2
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Defect 1: Ten years 2: One year 1: Six years 2: Six years Player 2
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: Two years 2: Two years 1: One year 2: Ten years Defect 1: Ten years 2: One year 1: Six years 2: Six years Player 2
SLIDE 23
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: $2 2: $2 1: $3 2: $0 Defect 1: $0 2: $3 1: $1 2: $1 Player 2
SLIDE 24
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Player 1 Cooperate Defect Cooperate 1: $2 2: $2 1: $3 2: $0 Defect 1: $0 2: $3 1: $1 2: $1 Player 2
Prisoner’s Dilemma Prisoner’s Dilemma
SLIDE 25
Prisoner’s Dilemma Prisoner’s Dilemma
✓
Prisoner’s Dilemma
✓ ✓
SLIDE 26
Prisoner’s Dilemma
✓
It pays to be nice when your reputation is on the line
Ultimatum Game
Proposer Responder $10
$7/$3? OK
($7/$3)
NO
($0/$0)
Public Goods Game
$10 $10 $10 $10
x3
SLIDE 27
Public Goods Game
$5 $5 $5 $5
x3
$20
Public Goods Game
$5 $5 $5 $5
x3
$60
Public Goods Game
$20 $20 $20 $20
x3
SLIDE 28
Public Goods Game
$10 $10 $10 $10
x3
Public Goods Game
$9 $5 $5 $5
x3
$16
Public Goods Game
$9 $5 $5 $5
x3
$48
SLIDE 29
Public Goods Game
$21 $17 $17 $17
x3
SLIDE 30