Pender Island: An Introduction into Small Scale Composting October - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pender Island: An Introduction into Small Scale Composting October - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pender Island: An Introduction into Small Scale Composting October 25 th , 2014: Resident Information Meeting A BETTER TOMORROW made possible Why should we compost? To demonstrate environmental stewardship Provide cost effective

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A BETTER TOMORROW made possible

Pender Island: An Introduction into Small Scale Composting October 25th, 2014: Resident Information Meeting

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A BETTER TOMORROW made possible

Why should we compost?

  • To demonstrate environmental stewardship
  • Provide cost effective organics management
  • Prepare waste for energy extraction (large scale)
  • Divert valuable resources from disposal in landfill or
  • incinerator. (Compostable materials represent nearly

50% of the waste stream)

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How does it work?

  • Organic materials are separated from waste

stream

  • Ratios of carbon and nitrogen are adjusted to
  • ptimal level
  • Moisture level and particle size are adjusted
  • Naturally occurring microorganisms digest the
  • rganic matter, creating a stable product that

improves soil condition

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Types of composting

  • Static piles
  • Turned windrows
  • Aerated static piles
  • Bays, beds and tunnels
  • In-vessel systems
  • Increasing complexity
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Static Piles

  • Rudimentary
  • Piles must be large enough to heat up, small

enough to aerate by convection

  • No controls
  • Not recommended
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Turned Windrows

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Turned Windrows

  • Best suited for yard and garden waste
  • Can be at almost any scale
  • Small capital investment and low operating

costs

  • Large land requirement
  • Most common option in North America
  • Currently used by City of Vancouver for

residential yard waste

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Aerated Static Piles

  • Applicable to a wider range of materials
  • Air is forced in or out with fans
  • Rate of air flow is often controlled by

temperature or oxygen feedback

  • Capital costs are higher

than windrow

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Covered Aerated Static Piles

  • Covers reduce odours and energy

requirements

  • Expanding usage in North America & well

established in Europe

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Bays, Beds and Tunnels

  • Usually inside
  • A variation on windrows
  • Good odour control
  • Suitable for a wide

range of materials, including sewage sludge

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In-Vessel Systems

  • Highest level of containment and control
  • Highest Operating and Capital Costs
  • Feedstock mixing is critical
  • High Complexity
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How to Choose?

  • Costs

Capital Operating Land Requirements

  • Flexibility

Adaptable to seasonal

variations

Ease of expansion

  • Public Acceptance

Ease of Siting Reputation Proven Technology

  • Process Simplicity

Process Duration Front end processing

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How to Choose?

  • Environmental Controls

Leachate Odors Vectors

  • Feedstock Variability

Yard and Garden Food Wastes Bio-solids / Manures /

Mortalities

Mixed MSW

  • Product Marketability

Process Control Product Quality Market Value of End

Product

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Cost Comparison (Example)

Static Piles Turned Windrows Aerated Static Piles Bays, Beds, Tunnels In- Vessel

Capital Cost (excluding land) $0.5 million $2 million $6 million $10 million $13 million Operating Cost $15 $25 $30 $50 $50 Land requirement Medium High Medium Medium Low

Costs are based on a capacity of 20,000 tonnes per year

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Typical Problems with In-Vessel Composting Technologies

  • System Complexity and Associated High

Capital Costs

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High Capital Cost & complex maintenance systems

ECF – $150MM Capital Cost (220,000 T/yr)

($10MM/yr operating costs)

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Typical Problems with In-Vessel Composting Technologies Cont’d

  • System Complexity and Associated High Capital

Costs

  • High maintenance on complex equipment in a

hostile environment & labor intensive operations.

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Complex Mechanical Systems

Rotating Digester Drums (2 day retention)

Drum Seal Maintenance Issues Expensive High Wear Gears and Drive Shaft

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In-Vessel: Maintenance Concerns

Negative Aeration Pipe Clogging Health and corrosion issues

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  • System Complexity and Associated High Capital

Costs (Development)

  • Large Building Envelope with associated High

Operating Expenses and Site Disturbances (associated with very little operating experience on large plants)

Typical Problems with In-Vessel Composting Technologies Cont’d

  • High maintenance on complex equipment in a

hostile environment & labor intensive operations.

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  • Ag-Bag Environmental
  • Wright Tech Systems
  • Gore Cover Membrane System

In-Vessel Technology Review (options)

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Ag-Bag: Equipment

  • Uses a plastic “Preferred Organic Digester” (POD)
  • POD includes

Aeration piping and sealing equipment Controllable vents Temperature probes Starter inoculant

  • POD is loaded by a specially designed and sized

hopper

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Ag-Bag: Process

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Container Systems – Whistler, BC 15,000 tpa = $14 Million

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Tunnel System – Hamilton, ON 60,000 tpa = $31.5 Million

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Wright Environmental: Process

  • Fully enclosed flow-through tunnels made of

stainless steel

  • Continuously-loading
  • Automatic material and tray/floor

advancement

  • Oxygen and moisture levels controlled
  • Leachate re-circulated
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Wright Environmental: Features

  • Short in-vessel retention time
  • Zero leachate discharge
  • Filtering of exhaust air
  • Modular design
  • Low energy, labour and maintenance costs
  • Production of a class A, B or C level compost
  • Can be modified to produce a renewable

energy fuel should market conditions change

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Wright Environmental - Squamish

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Wright Environmental - Whistler

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Other Sites – Technologies – Tour Opportunities

ICC (Nanaimo, BC) Comox Composting (Campbell River, BC)

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How does the GoreTM Cover System work?

1) Aeration

  • Positive aeration
  • Small blowers

(2hp per pile)

  • In-ground

channels

  • Leachate removal
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  • Over 97%

reduction in

  • dour

concentrations without the need for a bio-filter and facility exhaust fan

Solutions to Odour Management

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Gore™ Cover ePTFE Laminate

GORETM Cover Laminate

  • 3-layer laminate
  • Designed for multiple applications
  • Various Input Materials
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Gore Cover Composting Facilities

Cedar Grove Composting Location: Everett, Washington Capacity: 160,000 ton/ year Food Waste / Green Waste Has successfully treated more than 1 Million tonnes

  • f organics since opening
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Fish Waste – Sunshine Coast Sechelt, BC

Small Scale - Proximity to Neighbors

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Sechelt Project Highlights

  • Various types

and sizes of fish are mixed into the center a pile

  • f recycled

green waste

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Sechelt Project Highlights

  • Fish Eggs
  • Large Pieces
  • Liquid Waste
  • Samples Taken
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Green Jobs for Band Members

  • Currently

Processing approximately 20 Tonnes of solid / liquid fish waste in each pile.

  • 12% – 15%

mixture with green waste

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Operational Challenges: Risk

  • Heavy Snowfall
  • Freezing Issues
  • Benefits include

Green Jobs for Band Members

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What is this all for?

  • Healthy Soil =

Healthy Streams and Fish

  • Reclaim and

heal mine lands / Community Gardens

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Class “A” Compost Production

  • Grow food for

the community

  • Food Security:

An Issue of the future – especially in remote communities

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Chemainus – Case Study (New In-Building Design)

New Tube Frame Building 255’ x 72’

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Chemainus Project Location & Layout

Gore Cover Process Facility Building Please Note: 100m Buffer to Hwy & Neighbors Wood Waste buried

  • n site
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Chemainus Gore Cover Project Highlights

  • Leachate

and Storm Water Separated

  • Curbing

around building

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Chemainus Gore Cover Project Highlights

  • Seal of the

building walls for bio-filter

  • dour control
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Chemainus Gore Cover Project Highlights

  • Install 1 Hp

Blowers on exterior wall

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Chemainus Biofilter and Ducting

  • 4 Air Exchanges

/ Hour

  • Focus on Mixing

/ Receiving Area

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Chemainus Gore Cover Project Highlights

  • Capable of

treating approx. 6,000 - 8,000 tpa bio-solids / wood waste.

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  • We need a solution that optimizes the Compost Process and

aggressively breaks down the most difficult organic wastes

  • We need Odor reduction > 90% compared to open windrow to

ensure safe environment for workers and neighbors

  • We need to provide an effective barrier against dust, weed seeds

and bacteria resulting in superior quality compost

  • We need a Simple & Flexible Technology which is Easy to

Construct and Expand

  • We need something which is Proven & Low Risk
  • Other suggestions from the Composting Advisory Committee

“Small-Scale” Composting Available to Small Communities (Pender): Options to Consider?

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Pender Island Project Details / Considerations

  • What are disposal costs

for organics currently? What are existing

  • ptions? (CRD @

$140/T)

  • Waste costs are

susceptible to impacts associated with low volumes

  • Localized participation

from Mayne, Saturna, Salt Spring & Galiano will minimize costs for all participants

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  • Disposal costs are expected to continue to rise
  • Monthly fluctuations / likely participation rate (Bowen Is Above)

Pender Island Project Details / Considerations

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  • Costs must be minimized for operation to be successful
  • Additional information is required before a project can be launched
  • Bowen Island Capital Cost Estimate was $350,000

Pender Island Project Details / Considerations

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Questions

MATEO OCEJO

P.Eng, LEED™ A.P.

CEL: 604.868.6075 EMAIL: mateo@netzerowaste.com