Peer-to-Peer Networks 01: Organization and Introduction Christian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Peer-to-Peer Networks 01: Organization and Introduction Christian - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Peer-to-Peer Networks 01: Organization and Introduction Christian Schindelhauer Technical Faculty Computer-Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg People Christian Schindelhauer - Prof. of the chair Computer Networks and Telematics

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Peer-to-Peer Networks

01: Organization and Introduction

Christian Schindelhauer

Technical Faculty Computer-Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg

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SLIDE 2

People

Christian Schindelhauer

  • Prof. of the chair Computer

Networks and Telematics

  • Coauthor of the book „Peer-

to-Peer-Netzwerke – Methoden und Grundlagen“ Amir Alsbih

  • Chief Information Security

Officer (CISO) at Haufe

  • PhD in computer security

Joan Bordoy Sebastian Sester

  • Scientific staff members

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SLIDE 3

General

Web page

  • http://cone.informatik.uni-freiburg.de (to do)

Lecture

  • starts 19.10.2015
  • Monday, 4pm-6pm, 101-01-018
  • Wednesday, 12pm-1pm, 101-01-018

Exercise classes

  • Wednesday, 1pm-2pm, building 101-01-018

Oral exam

  • no prerequisites
  • register on-line (in time)

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SLIDE 4

Exercises

Exercise class

  • Wednesday, 11am-12pm, building 101, 106-00-007
  • starts 28.10.2015

Exercises

  • appear every Wednesday on the web-page
  • voluntary, but are the basis for the oral exam
  • solutions of the exercises are discussed in the following

week

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SLIDE 5

Exam

Oral exam

  • based on the lecture and the exercises
  • register online for the exam
  • Mandatory registration

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SLIDE 6

Materials

Slides

  • appear before the lecture on the

web-page

Book

  • ~60% of the lecture can be found in

Mahlmann, Schindelhauer, Peer-to- Peer-Netzwerke — Methoden und Algorithmen, Springer 2007

Further Literature

  • Research papers will be presented

during the lecture on the slides and

  • n the web-page

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SLIDE 7

Internet Traffic

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SLIDE 8

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Increase of Internet Traffic

2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 2015 1 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s 1 Tbit/s

10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 10 Gbit/s 100 Gbit/s 10 Tbit/s 100 Tbit/s

1 Pbit/s

Cisco: 966 Exabyte/y 2015

2020

10 Pbit/s 100 Pbit/s

1 Ebit/s

Internet-Verkehr

Cisco predition 2016:
 >250 Pbit/s >1 Zbit/s

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SLIDE 9

Global Internet Traffic Shares 1993-2004

Source: CacheLogic 2005

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E-Mail FTP Peer-to-Peer Web

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

CacheLogic Research

Trends of Internet Protocols 1993-2004 Share of Internet traffic

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

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SLIDE 10

Internet Traffic of a German ISP August 2009

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HTTP most traffic BitTorrent most upload Top ten services of the average user

Mean Host Traffic [kb/s]

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

HTTP in HTTP out BitTorrent in BitTorrent out NNTP in NNTP out eDonkey in eDonkey out SSL in SSL out SHOUTcast in SHOUTcast out RTMP in RTMP out FTP transfer in FTP transfer out Microsoft BITS in Microsoft BITS out Gnutella in Gnutella out Rest in Rest out

3.25 0.12 0.68 0.52 0.34 0.01 0.210.24 0.21 0.03 0.140.02 0.11 0 0.060.01 0.05 0 0.04 0 0.39 0.21

!""#$ %&'$ ()*"+,,-.*$ /&'$ 0-1*$ 23'$ !""#$ %%&$ '()"*++,-)$ ./&$ 0,1)$ ..&$

Download Upload 5x 4x

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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SLIDE 11

BitTorrent User Behavior of a German ISP August 2009

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Online period length probability

  • ● ● ● ● ● ●
  • 1

2 5 10 20 50 100 5e−05 1e−03 5e−02

  • nline period [hours][log]

probability [log] 16 24 probability for online period length [in hours] approximated function cases of piecewise definition

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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BitTorrent User Behavior of a German ISP August 2009

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Fourier analysis shows 12h and 24h peak 24h periodicity roughly resembles sin curve Fourier analysis of traffic & periodicty

50 100 150 200 250 300 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 energy [MB/hour] period [hours] Incoming Traffic Outgoing Traffic

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 traffic [kb/s] half−daytime [hours] incoming traffic

  • utgoing traffic

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 24 48 72 96 120 144 traffic [kb/s] day incoming traffic incoming traffic (daily mean)

  • utgoing traffic
  • utgoing traffic (daily mean)

Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 traffic [kb/s] daytime [hours] incoming traffic

  • utgoing traffic

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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SLIDE 13

Internet Traffic 2010

Cisco Visual Networking Index Usage contains data of 20 anonymous service providers Traffic Study

Traffic [Percentage] 10 20 30 40 50 HTTP Online Video P2P File Sharing Web−Based FS Rest 26.39 26.15 24.85 18.69 3.92

Filesharing 43.54

[”Cisco Visual Networking Index: Usage”, White Paper, 2010]

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SLIDE 14

Internet Traffic 2014-2017

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Cisco Prediction 2014 (PB/mo)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Internet Traffic 39912 47811 58321 72261 90090 112000 Internet Video 20485 25452 33000 43000 67700 74300 Filesharing 6044 6081 6046 6080 6147 5961 Web, Email, Data 5018 6382 7500 8820 10019 10763 Consumer IP Traffic 31548 37916 46527 58125 72938 91043 30000 60000 90000 120000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Internet Traffic Internet Video Filesharing Web, Email, Data Consumer IP Traffic

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Skype Traffic

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HTTP 44.4 % BitTorrent 24.1 % NNTP 14.2 % SHOUTcast 6.4 % RTMP 5 % eDonkey 4 % RTSP 1.2 % Skype 0.8 %

HTTP 14.6 % BitTorrent 64.3 % NNTP 0.7 % SHOUTcast 0.7 % RTMP 0.4 % eDonkey 16.3 % RTSP 0.1 % Skype 3 %

Internet Traffic of a German ISP August 2009

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Download Upload

Source: Alsbih, Janson, S. Analysis of Peer-to-Peer Traffic and User Behaviour ITA 2011

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Milestones P2P Systems

Napster (1st version: 1999-2000) Gnutella (2000), Gnutella-2 (2002) Edonkey (2000)

  • later: Overnet usese Kademlia

FreeNet (2000)

  • Anonymized download

JXTA (2001)

  • Open source P2P network platform

FastTrack (2001)

  • known from KaZaa, Morpheus, Grokster

Bittorrent (2001)

  • only download, no search

Skype (2003)

  • VoIP (voice over IP), Chat, Video

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SLIDE 18

Milestones Theory

Distributed Hash-Tables (DHT) (1997)

  • introduced for load balancing between web-servers

CAN (2001)

  • efficient distributed DHT data structure for P2P networks

Chord (2001)

  • efficient distributed P2P network with logarithmic search time

Pastry/Tapestry (2001)

  • efficient distributed P2P network using Plaxton routing

Kademlia (2002)

  • P2P-Lookup based on XOr-Metrik


Many more approaches

  • Viceroy, Distance-Halving, Koorde, Skip-Net, P-Grid, ...

Further Developments

  • Network Coding for P2P
  • Anonymity, Security
  • P2P Streaming

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What is a P2P Network?

What is P2P NOT?

  • a peer-to-peer network is not a client-server network

Etymology: peer

  • from latin par = equal
  • one that is of equal standing with another
  • P2P, Peer-to-Peer: a relationship between equal partners

Definition

  • a Peer-to-Peer Network is a communication network between

computers in the Internet

  • without central control
  • and without reliable partners

Observation

  • the Internet can be seen as a large P2P network

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Contents

Short history First Peer-to-Peer Networks

  • Napster
  • Gnutella

CAN Chord Pastry und Tapestry Game theory P2P traffic Codes P2P in the real world

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Peer-to-Peer Networks

01: Organization and Introduction

Christian Schindelhauer

Technical Faculty Computer-Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg