Pat Patodia Beta Analytic Inc. November 21-23, 2011 2011 Pacific - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pat Patodia Beta Analytic Inc. November 21-23, 2011 2011 Pacific - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels Pat Patodia Beta Analytic Inc. November 21-23, 2011 2011 Pacific Rim Summit 1 Overview Measuring the

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Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

Pat Patodia

Beta Analytic Inc.

1

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

November 21-23, 2011

2011 Pacific Rim Summit

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SLIDE 2

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Overview

Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

  • Background of Biobased
  • Background of ASTM D6866
  • Use in certification of Biobased products
  • Applications of ASTM D6866
  • Background of Beta Analytic
  • Conclusion

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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3 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

What is “Biobased” ? US Department of Agriculture’s definition:

  • ASTM-D6866 results are to be consistent with this definition
  • Carbonates of natural mineral origin are to be excluded
  • Mass of component is factored out

Renewably Sourced Carbon Total Organic Carbon

  • A single value is applicable across industries

Premise: Use less petroleum

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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4 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Naturally occurring in all biomass, absent in fossil fuels

ASTM D6866 measures it. Carbon-14

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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5 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Carbon-14 is ubiquitous in all living things. But it doesn’t stick around. It slowly and gradually decays away after death, so that by 50,000 years there’s none left. Coal and fossil-derived materials do not have any carbon-14 whereas biomass does.

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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6 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

  • Biomass CO2
  • Fossil Fuel CO2

Take a good look, Identical?

Carbon-14

They’re NOT the same!

No Carbon-14

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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7 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

STEP 1: Ongoing formation and decay of radiocarbon within the atmosphere

Nitrogen ( 14N ) + cosmic neutrons Radiocarbon (14C) Radiocarbon immediately oxidizes Carbon dioxide (14CO2) The radiocarbon immediately starts to decay (T1/2 = 5730 years)

14N + n 14C 14C Decay 14CO2

“Constant” amount of radiocarbon in the atmosphere as CO2 STEP 2: Radiocarbon is removed from the atmosphere by plants STEP 3: Disequilibrium begins upon “death”

The Radiocarbon Cycle

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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8 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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9 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

50,000 yrs

If it were 100% petroleum derived If it were 50 % corn-based & 50% petroleum derived Regardless of the percentage of total carbon in the product

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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10 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

ASTM-D6866 is a standardization of radiocarbon dating methods used by archaeologists to determine the age of fossils. Methods that have been in use for 60 years (mature technology)

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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11 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

  • Expertise
  • Laboratories
  • Supply Lines
  • Venders

Complete pre-existing infrastructure

  • Well-known sources of error
  • Raw materials
  • Instrumentation

and being a mature industry . . .

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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12 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

USDA BioPreferred Program

  • Federal Procurement

– Program began in 2005 – Mandatory purchasing of biobased products by government agencies – Biobased minimums enforced for each product category – ASTM D6866 used to determine if products meet minimums

More information: www.biopreferred.gov

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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13 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

USDA BioPreferred Program

  • BioPreferred Voluntary Labeling Program

– Began February 2011 – Consumer product label – Minimum biobased content 25%

(Not BioPreferred procurement products)

– Biobased % listed on label – ASTM D6866 used to determine percentage

More information: www.biopreferred.gov

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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14 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Vinçotte OK Biobased (Belgium)

  • Eco-label which indicates a product’s biobased content – the more stars in the logo, the higher biobased content.
  • Products must be at least 20% biobased according to ASTM D6866 results to obtain the OK Biobased logo

Japan BioPlastics Association BiomassPla

  • BiomassPla certification and labeling system certifies biomass-based plastic products.
  • Plastic products must contain biomass-derived components measured using ASTM D6866 to qualify.

EcoLogo (Canada)

  • Program certifies a broad range of commercial products.
  • Standard for hand sanitizers CCD-170 requires biobased content testing via ASTM D6866.

Sustainable Biomaterials Collaborative

  • Released a list of purchasing specifications called BioSpecs.
  • Food service ware must be at least be 95% biobased according to ASTM D6866 to qualify for a rating.

ICC Evaluation Service, Inc.

  • Issued a guideline outlining the requirements for obtaining an ICC-ES Verification of Attributes Report.
  • The Evaluation Building materials are recommended to have ASTM D6866 measurements.

Green Electronics Council EPEAT Program

  • Aids purchasers assess and select electronic products based on environmental attributes.
  • Verification of the biobased content is determined with ASTM D6866.

Other Product Certification Programs

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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15 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

ASTM International

  • Standardized through ASTM D6866

CEN (European Committee for Standardization)

  • Standardized through CEN 15440 (CEN 15747)

EU-ETS (EU Emission Trading Scheme)

  • Recommends CEN 15747 for refuse-derived fuels

ROCs (Renewable Obligation Program UK)

  • Program based on energy instead of CO2.
  • Calculation being evaluated by OFGEM for each project application

US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

  • Required to report carbon-neutral CO2 in waste and blended alternative fuels
  • Required for waste derived biofuels and recommended for imported blended biofuels

ARB (California Air Resources Board)

  • Required to report carbon-neutral CO2 in waste and blended alternative fuels

TCR (The Climate Registry)

  • Measuring biogenic emissions from biofuels, waste fuels, and biomass co-firing.

WCI (Western Climate Initiative)

  • For combustion units using mixed fuels and waste-derived fuels

Australia Greenhouse and Energy Reporting

  • Determine the amounts of each kind of fuel in blended liquid or solid fuels.

Alternative fuel biomass determination: C14 Dating internationally recognized

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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16 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

The manufacturer submitted 3 samples

Radiocarbon Dating Results were . . . 69 % Biobased Product A 78 % Biobased Product B 70 % Biobased Product C

After the analyses, the manufacturer informed the lab that A, B, & C were all the same product and an error must be present in the result for Product B

B A C

ASTM-D6866 determined the biobased content & revealed a quality control issue.

Working Example : Surprises

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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17 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

“This product contains 50% less petroleum than our previous formulas”

  • Immediately understood by the public
  • Positive public image and reception
  • Brings value to your assemblers, distributors

and retailers 50 % biobased also means 50% less petroleum carbon. – consider this in the marketing of your biobased products

MARKETING PERSPECTIVE

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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18 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

LEGAL PERSPECTIVE – PRODUCT DEFENSE

If you are doing any kind of product discovery, product market protection, or any purpose that may entail commercial or legal repercussions, we recommend 3-4 analyses per material. If you are submitting materials to the USDA’s BioPreferred Program or

  • ther certification, we recommend 2 analyses per material for better

credibility and averaging. If you are doing R&D or product development, generally one measurement is fine. An ASTM-D6866 analysis is routine, but complex – it is a “one off measurement”

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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19 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Considerations in using ASTM-D6866

  • Ensure a representative sample is analyzed
  • Consider the homogeneity of your product
  • The reported result will be unique to the actual material analyzed
  • All carbon components must be either fossil or contemporary

(respiring carbon within last 10 years)

  • If carbonates of natural mineral origin account for > 3% of

the total carbon in the product, it must be subtracted out of the “Biobased Content”.

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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20 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Easy Inter-comparison Simple Visual Report Instinctively Obvious

Reporting

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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21 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

How long does it take to get a result? 4-7 Business Days How much does it cost? $595 per analysis

Time and Cost

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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22 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

ISO 17025

  • Highest level of recognized quality any testing laboratory can attain
  • Recognized by every major certification program
  • Beta Analytic was awarded the ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 accreditation
  • Only provider of radiocarbon determinations in the world with ISO

17025 Accreditation

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23 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

  • 30 years in business, considered the leader of our field
  • Fast turn-around times (as little as 24 hours)
  • Confidentiality of all results
  • Large throughput operation [52 LSC counters, 3 mass spectrometers,

4 accelerator mass spectrometers, 16 chemistry lines]

  • 20 dedicated full-time professionals, no part-time students learning
  • n your samples
  • ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited

Company Background

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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24 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

  • Biobased materials are derived from renewable biological

resources

  • Carbon-14 is present in biobased materials and absent in fossil

fuel-derived materials

  • ASTM D6866 can be used on any material type (solid, liquids,

gases)

  • ASTM D6866 is used in major certification programs including the

USDA BioPreferred Voluntary Label for Biobased Products

  • Biobased content testing is an offsite analysis; results reported

as % biobased versus % fossil-derived

Conclusion

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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25 Background of Biobased Background of ASTM D6866 Use in Product Certification Application of ASTM D6866 Beta Analytic background Conclusion

Pat Patodia Ppatodia@betalabservices.com

Measuring the Biobased Content of Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels

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