Overview of the Soultz geothermal project Dr Albert Genter genter@soultz.net Soultz geothermal power plant GeoElec Visit Kutzenhausen, 09 th November 2012
OUTLINE • Project organization • Scientific achievements • Technical achievements • On-going activities on site • Geothermal activity and dissemination – Other EGS projects in the URG – Dissemination Soultz Drilling Rig 3
The Soultz geothermal concept Hot Dry Rock • Acronym HDR • Heat exploitation from deep hard rocks • High temperatures at great depth • Not dependent from the location • Create artificially a heat exchanger at depth • Closed system Artificial heat exchanger EGS • Enhanced Geothermal System • Natural brine 100g/l, NaCl, pH~5 • Naturally Fractured and Altered Granite • Connection between geothermal well to the reservoir by stimulation • Forced fluid circulation during exploitation Geothermal fluid Large reservoir with similar fluid composition: open system 4
WHO WE ARE? European Economic Interest Grouping “Exploitation Minière de la Chaleur” GEIE EMC Industrial Partners Public Funding Scientific Partners 5
CONTRACTUAL PROJECT PHASES 2001 Phase I 2005 Deep Drilling & Stimulation 29M€ 2004 Phase II 2009 Power plant construction 25M€ 2010 Phase III 2012 Scientific and Technical monitoring 5M€ 6
Geothermal life cycle Site Stimulation Build & test Operate and Site Concept Drilling Selection Testing power plant circulation abandonment Borehole Micro-seismic Power plant Power plant Image cloud structure exploitation dismantlement Fracture on Concessional outcrops scale Geothermal Development 7
Soultz Project presentation Location • Geothermal anomaly in the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) Technology • 4 deep geothermal wells (3,6 and 5 km): 200 ο C @ 5 km depth • 1 st binary geothermal plant in France • Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology: 1.5 MWe • Down-hole pump tests: Long Shaft Pump (LSP) Feed-in tariff ORC plant • New decree 23 July 2010 in France Sediments • Geothermal electricity 20 c€ per kWh Down-hole Pump Pump • Bonus for heat of 8 c€ per kWh Granite • At Soultz, selling of electricity started early 2011 • No heat application on site GPK4 GPK1 GPK2 GPK3 8 One of the highest geothermal anomaly in Western Europe
SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS 9
WEST RIFT EUROPEAN SYSTEM Soultz Dèzes et al., 2004 10
UPPER RHINE GRABEN (URG) Soultz Horst Transverse Seismic line Geothermal target is a deep crystalline rock 11
FRACTURE NETWORK BASED ON 2D SEISMIC DATA Sediments Granite Major fault system in the sediments Need for imaging the deep fractured granite Renard & Courrioux, 1994; Valley, 2007 12
The main project steps 1987 – 1991 1991 – 1998 1999 – 2007 2007 – 2009 Exploration Creation of the 2 wells Creation of the 3 wells Construction of the phase system GPK1/GPK2 system GPK2/GPK3/GPK4 first production unit at - 3600 m at - 5000 m ORC - 1.5 MWe • Drilling GPK1 at • Installation of surface • Deepening of GPK1 at • Deepening of GPK2 at equipment (turbine and - 2000 m - 3600 m and stimulation - 5080 m and stimulation generator, heat • Coring EPS1 at • Drilling of GPK2 at • Drilling of GPK3 at exchangers, cooling - 2227 m - 3880 m and stimulation - 5100 m and stimulation systems …) • Circulation test between • Drilling of GPK4 at • Installation of the LSP in GPK2 at - 350 m the 2 wells (4 months) - 5270 m and stimulation • Inauguration of the • Circulation test between power plant 13.06.2008 the 3 wells (5 months) • Installation of the ESP • Complementary in GPK4 at - 500m stimulations (chemical) 2010-2012 13
GEOTHERMAL MAP (1929) 50° C at 400 m depth 14
STANDARD GRANITE Core K21, GPK-1 (3510 m) Monzogranite Crystals of FK (1 to 4 cm) Granite matrix: plagioclase, quartz, biotite and hornblende Accessory minerals: magnetite, zircon, apatite, titanite, hematite, leucoxene, 7 cm 15
ILLITE AND CALCITE WITHIN FRACTURED GRANITE 50mm GPK1 well K5-20 GPK1 well K19-12 GPK1 well K5-20 1mm 16
THE MAIN PROJECT STEPS 1987 – 1991 1991 – 1998 1999 – 2007 2007 – 2009 Exploration Creation of the 2 wells Creation of the 3 wells Construction of the phase system GPK1/GPK2 system GPK2/GPK3/GPK4 first production unit at - 3600 m at - 5000 m ORC - 1.5 MWe • Drilling GPK1 at • Installation of surface • Deepening of GPK1 at • Deepening of GPK2 at equipment (turbine and - 2000 m - 3600 m and stimulation - 5080 m and stimulation generator, heat • Coring EPS1 at • Drilling of GPK2 at • Drilling of GPK3 at exchangers, cooling - 2227 m - 3880 m and stimulation - 5100 m and stimulation systems …) • Circulation test between • Drilling of GPK4 at • Installation of the LSP in GPK2 at - 350 m the 2 wells (4 months) - 5270 m and stimulation • Inauguration of the • Circulation test between power plant 13.06.2008 the 3 wells (5 months) • Installation of the ESP • Complementary in GPK4 at - 500m stimulations (chemical) 2010-2012 17
WELL COMPLETION 18
SITE MAP σ Hmax Since 1987: • EPS1 fully cored ➨ exploration well BHT=200° C • GPK1 ➨ Injection well 700m 700m • GPK3 ➨ Injection well • GPK2 & GPK4 ➨ Production wells 19
THERMAL PROFILES IN THE SOULTZ WELLS Temperature Logs Equilibrium 0 GPK-2 GPK-3 Conduction GPK-4 500 1000 Triassic sandstone 1500 Paleozoic granite 2000 true vertical depth [m] Convection 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Conduction 5000 5500 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 Fractured Fractured temperature [° C] Altered Sandstone Natural circulation within hydrothermally Granite altered and fractured zones 20
DEEP GEOLOGY • Methodology: – Fracture network with borehole image logs – Petrography and hydrothermal alterations with cuttings, cores and geophysical logs analyses • Geological model: – 2 granites (U/Pb dating) – Normal faults, graben – Fracture zones with low natural permeability Dezayes et al., 2004 21
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BRINE – Representative chemical composition: Na-Cl brine, pH ≈ 4.8-5.0 – TDS ≈ 97 g/l and density = 1.065 g/cm 3 (20°C) 60,0 59,0 concentration 50,0 40,0 (g/l) 30,0 27,5 20,0 6,9 0,22 10,0 0,14 3,25 0,190 0,085 0,427 0,125 0,45 0,0 SO4 Br Sr K Mg Cl HCO3 SiO2 Li Na Ca Sanjuan et al., 2008 species 22
HYDRAULIC STIMULATION GPK2, 2000 µseismic events M>1 Presure GPK3, 2003 µseismic events M>1 23 Cuenot et al., 2008 Dorbath et al., 2009 Time
SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORKS 24
MICROSEISMIC CLOUDS � Several thousands of microseismic events during each stimulation test � Several felt earthquakes (M > 2) � Maximum magnitudes - 2000 : 2.6 - 2003 : 2.9, 2.7 - 2004 : 2.0 - 2005 : 2.6 25
PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE � growing fear due to: • the largest earthquakes (vibration, sound, moving objects) • repetition of felt earthquakes (within a short period) � lots of phone calls (complain or ask for information) � complaints to local authorities from individuals or associations � articles in local newspapers � around 70 complaints for presumed damages, which were evaluated by experts from insurance companies � long-term risk of strong opposition to the project 26
TRACER TEST IN 2005 PRODUCTION GPK2 & INJECTION GPK3 1000 SN fluorescein concentration (µg/l) 900 GPK2 GPK3 1 GPK4 800 3(?) 700 600 2 500 400 300 EGI data (Fluorimetry BRGM data 200 on site) (HPLC) injection of 150 kg of 100 SN fluorescein dissolved in 950 l of fresh water 0 Inflow of Inflow of 07/07/05 27/07/05 16/08/05 05/09/05 25/09/05 15/10/05 04/11/05 24/11/05 14/12/05 03/01/06 geothermal brine geothermal brine Time (days) Strong hydraulic dissymetry between GPK3/GPK2 & GPK3/GPK4 70% of external water: open system Sanjuan et al., 2006 27
THE MAIN PROJECT STEPS 1987 – 1991 1991 – 1998 1999 – 2007 2007 – 2009 Exploration Creation of the 2 wells Creation of the 3 wells Construction of the phase system GPK1/GPK2 system GPK2/GPK3/GPK4 first production unit at - 3600 m at - 5000 m ORC - 1.5 MWe • Drilling GPK1 at • Installation of surface • Deepening of GPK1 at • Deepening of GPK2 at equipment (turbine and - 2000 m - 3600 m and stimulation - 5080 m and stimulation generator, heat • Coring EPS1 at • Drilling of GPK2 at • Drilling of GPK3 at exchangers, cooling - 2227 m - 3880 m and stimulation - 5100 m and stimulation systems …) • Circulation test between • Drilling of GPK4 at • Installation of the LSP in GPK2 at - 350 m the 2 wells (4 months) - 5270 m and stimulation • Inauguration of the • Circulation test between power plant 13.06.2008 the 3 wells (5 months) • Installation of the ESP • Complementary in GPK4 at - 500m stimulations (chemical) 2010-2012 28
TECHNOLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENTS Power plant construction Down hole pump technologies 29
MOVIE www.geothermie-soultz.fr 30
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