Overview of HPM as a Pulsed Overview of HPM as a Pulsed Power Application at FOI Power Application at FOI Sten E Nyholm , Mose Akyuz, Patrik Appelgren, Mattias Elfsberg, Sten E Nyholm , Mose Akyuz, Patrik Appelgren, Mattias Elfsberg, Tomas Hurtig, Anders Larsson , Cecilia Möller Tomas Hurtig, Anders Larsson , Cecilia Möller Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Overview Overview Introduction Introduction High-voltage generators High-voltage generators Explosive flux compression generators Explosive flux compression generators Cable based high-voltage generator Cable based high-voltage generator Repetitive Marx generator Repetitive Marx generator Vircator studies Vircator studies System simulation and propagation models System simulation and propagation models Summary Summary Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Introduction Introduction Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Pulsed Power Applications at FOI Pulsed Power Applications at FOI HPM generation research HPM generation research Electro-Thermal Chemical launch techniques Electro-Thermal Chemical launch techniques Electromagnetic launch techniques Electromagnetic launch techniques Electric armour Electric armour Electric armour Electric armour Electrohydrodynamic flow control Electrohydrodynamic flow control Plasma-assisted combustion Plasma-assisted combustion Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
HPM research at FOI HPM research at FOI HPM-susceptibility and protection HPM-susceptibility and protection 1988-2008 1988-2008 HPM-weapons technology HPM-weapons technology 1993-2008 1993-2008 Joint project ”HPM” Joint project ”HPM” 2009-… 2009-… Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Issues considered in HPM Issues considered in HPM source research source research Energy conversion efficiency Energy conversion efficiency Compactness for usage on mobile platforms Compactness for usage on mobile platforms Repetitive operation and durability Repetitive operation and durability Repetitive operation and durability Repetitive operation and durability Output pulse parameter tuning Output pulse parameter tuning Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
High-voltage generators High-voltage generators Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Explosive flux compression Explosive flux compression generators generators length = 300 mm, diam = 70 mm length = 300 mm, diam = 70 mm L initial = 23 µH, L final = 0,2 µH L initial = 23 µH, L final = 0,2 µH Seed current 5.7 kA, 11.2 kA Seed current 5.7 kA, 11.2 kA Peak current 269 kA, 436 kA Peak current 269 kA, 436 kA Current amplification 47, 39 Current amplification 47, 39 Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Cable based high-voltage generator Cable based high-voltage generator Simulink model, top level Conn1 Conn2 Conn1 Conn2 Conn1 Conn3 uBD=300e3 Spark gap Conn2 Conn4 to spark gap from spark gap Linear Sw itch Capacitor ban k tBD=0 Pu lse form ing V c=50e3 1:12 Tran sform er Conn1 Conn2 Cc=4.15e-6 (12 part segm en tation ) Lc=250e-9 1 Cable endin g n n o C Axial Vircator 2 R=2e3 n n o C Measured and simulated pulses across 10 Ω load Measured and simulated pulses across 10 Ω load Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Repetitive Marx generator Repetitive Marx generator 25 stages of 100 nF and 55 nH each 25 stages of 100 nF and 55 nH each length = 1.1 m (incl. charger), outer diameter = 0.3 m length = 1.1 m (incl. charger), outer diameter = 0.3 m Characteristic impedance 18.5 Ω Characteristic impedance 18.5 Ω Repetition rate 10 Hz (burst mode) Repetition rate 10 Hz (burst mode) Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Vircator studies Vircator studies Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Vircator studies Vircator studies Initial experiments with a Initial experiments with a reflex triode and single reflex triode and single shot Marx generator. shot Marx generator. Axial vircator and repetitive Axial vircator and repetitive Marx generator used in Marx generator used in Marx generator used in Marx generator used in electrode material studies. electrode material studies. Coaxial vircator and Marx Coaxial vircator and Marx generator used in radiation generator used in radiation mode control experiments. mode control experiments. Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Axial vircator - experimental Axial vircator - experimental Emitter Resonance Vacuum HV- Cavity Pump Marx Generator Resonance cavity HV+ with anode Waveguide Cathode with graphite emitter Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Axial vircator simulation in Magic Axial vircator simulation in Magic Simulation volume with small anechoic chamber representation Simulated electric fields at one instant: TE21 dominant mode Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Axial vircator geometries Axial vircator geometries Selectable output Selectable output window towards window towards waveguide. waveguide. Cavity depth Cavity depth variation. variation. Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Coaxial vircator geometry Coaxial vircator geometry Coaxial vircator with sectioned emitter Virtual cathodes oscillating in opposite phase => Recently verified in experiments ! Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Waveguide reflector Waveguide reflector Two-strip waveguide reflector Simulations and experiments are performed this autumn. Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
System simulation and System simulation and propagation models propagation models Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Energy system simulation Energy system simulation Electric circuit simulation models of Electric circuit simulation models of • • FCG system FCG system • • Cable generator Cable generator • • Marx generator Marx generator together with a vircator together with a vircator model for comparison of model for comparison of normalised voltage pulses. normalised voltage pulses. Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
Energy system model in Simulink Energy system model in Simulink Electric HPM ETC gun Armour weapon Drive Gun fire E-armour HPMW profile control activation control Ctrl Trig Trig Wheel Energy sources Vetronics PFN 1 PFN 2 PFN 3 Motor Intermediate storages Transmission and control Transmission and control DC-AC Electric DC-DC DC-DC MDS converter transmission converter converter Adaptation units Continuous consumers Bus bar and control system Pulsed consumers Diesel Diesel Fuel Generator Generator Battery Capacitor Cells 1 2 Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Defence & Security, Systems and Technology Presented at The IET International Conference on Pulsed Power, CERN, Geneva, 21-25 September 2009
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