Outline for Today Friday, Nov. 2 Chapter 7: Periodic Trends E ff - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nov 18, 2023 102 likes •321 views

Outline for Today Friday, Nov. 2 Chapter 7: Periodic Trends E ff ective Nuclear Charge Atomic Size Ionization Energy Activation Energy Effective Nuclear Charge Why do orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n,

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Outline for Today

Friday, Nov. 2

Chapter 7: Periodic Trends
Effective Nuclear Charge
Atomic Size
Ionization Energy
Activation Energy

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Effective Nuclear Charge

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Why do orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n, increase with angular momentum quantum number, l?

Nucleus (+)

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Example Problems: Effective Nuclear Charge

If the core electrons were totally effective at

screening the valence electrons and the valence electrons provided no screening for each other, what would be the effective nuclear charge acting on the 5s valence electrons in Strontium?

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Atomic Radius

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Trends in Atomic Radius

Atomic Number Radius (pm)

Li Na K Rb Cs He Ne Ar Kr Xe

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Cation and Anion Sizes

Cations are SMALLER than their neutral atoms. Anions are LARGER than their neutral atoms.

F O B Be Li

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Trends in Size in a Group (Column)

Na Li K Rb S O Se Te

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Example Problems: Atomic Radius

Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing size

(smallest to largest)

Ge, K, Kr
Pb, C, Sn, Si
Li, F

, Na, H

S2-,Ca2+, K+

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Table 7.2: Ionization Energy

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Successive Values of Ionization Energies Increase

Element I1 (kJ/mol) I2 (kJ/mol) I3 (kJ/mol) I4 (kJ/mol) Na 496 4562 Mg 738 1451 7733 Al 578 1817 2745 11577 Si 786 1577 3232 4356

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First Ionization Energy

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Back to Writing Electron Configurations of Ions!

What is the electron configuration of Ag+?
How many unpaired electrons does Ag+ have?

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Some Exceptions to Electron Configuration Rules

Element Electron Configuration Cr [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Cu [Ar] 4s1 3d10 Ag [Kr] 5s1 4d10 Au [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d10 Element Electron Configuration Mo [Kr] 5s1 4d5 Ru [Kr] 5s1 4d7 Rh [Kr] 5s1 4d8 Pd [Kr] 4d10 Pt [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d9

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Back to the Challenge Question with Ag+!

What is the electron configuration of Ag+?

[Kr] 4d10 How many unpaired electrons does Ag+ have? None!

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Electron Affinity

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Ionization Energy Trends

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Ionization Energy for the 2nd Row Elements

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