Outline for Today Monday, Nov. 5 Chapter 7: Periodic Trends - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nov 06, 2023 305 likes •492 views

Outline for Today Monday, Nov. 5 Chapter 7: Periodic Trends Ionization Energy Electron A ffi nity Exceptions to Trends and Electron Configurations Chapter 8 Ionic Bonding Table 7.2: Ionization Energy Successive Values of

SLIDE 1

Outline for Today

Monday, Nov. 5

Chapter 7: Periodic Trends
Ionization Energy
Electron Affinity
Exceptions to Trends and Electron

Configurations

Chapter 8
Ionic Bonding

SLIDE 2

Table 7.2: Ionization Energy

SLIDE 3

Successive Values of Ionization Energies Increase

Element I1 (kJ/mol) I2 (kJ/mol) I3 (kJ/mol) I4 (kJ/mol) Na 496 4562 Mg 738 1451 7733 Al 578 1817 2745 11577 Si 786 1577 3232 4356

SLIDE 4

First Ionization Energy

SLIDE 5

Writing Electron Configurations of Cations

What is the electron configuration of:
Mg+
In3+
Ti2+

SLIDE 6

What about Ions formed from Atoms with Unusual Electron Configurations?

What is the electron configuration of Ag+?
How many unpaired electrons does Ag+

have?

SLIDE 7

Some Exceptions to Electron Configuration Rules

Element Electron Configuration Cr [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Cu [Ar] 4s1 3d10 Ag [Kr] 5s1 4d10 Au [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d10 Element Electron Configuration Mo [Kr] 5s1 4d5 Ru [Kr] 5s1 4d7 Rh [Kr] 5s1 4d8 Pd [Kr] 4d10 Pt [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d9

SLIDE 8

SLIDE 9

Back to Writing Electron Configurations of Ions!

What is the electron configuration of Ag+?

[Kr] 4d10 How many unpaired electrons does Ag+ have? None!

SLIDE 10

Electron Affinity

SLIDE 11

Exceptions to Ionization Energy Trends

SLIDE 12

Ionization Energy for the 2nd Row Elements

SLIDE 13

Exceptions to Radius Trends

SLIDE 14

Chapter 8: Basic Concepts in Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bond: When atoms or ions are strongly

attracted.

Ionic Bond: Electrostatic forces (opposite charges) attract.

Usually metal cations ionic bond to nonmetal anions.

Covalent Bond: Sharing of electrons, usually between

nonmetals.

Metallic Bond: Each metal atom is bonded to many
neighbors. Electrons are relatively free to move in the metal.

SLIDE 15

Valence Electrons form Bonds between Atoms

Lewis Electron Dot Symbols help us keep

track of valence electrons.

Octet Rule: Atoms will tend to gain or lose

electron to become isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas.

SLIDE 16

Ionic Bonding and Lattice Energy

SLIDE 17

Trends in Lattice Energy

Eelectrostatic = κQ1Q2 d

Li+: 0.9 Å Na+: 1.16 Å K+: 1.52 Å Rb+: 1.66 Å Cl-: 1.67 Å