Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale Georgiana - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
optimization of hpsg grammar implementations in trale
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale Georgiana - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 22, 2023 486 likes •755 views

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale Georgiana Dinu Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale p. 1/2 Summary The optimization problem Background Examples Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale

Georgiana Dinu

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 1/2

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Summary

  • The optimization problem
  • Background
  • Examples

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 2/2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Summary

  • The optimization problem
  • Background
  • Examples
  • Outlines of a possible solution

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 2/2

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Summary

  • The optimization problem
  • Background
  • Examples
  • Outlines of a possible solution
  • A simple example
  • Transformation
  • Results

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 2/2

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Summary

  • The optimization problem
  • Background
  • Examples
  • Outlines of a possible solution
  • A simple example
  • Transformation
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion
  • Extending the solution
  • Computational aspects
  • Further work

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 2/2

slide-6
SLIDE 6

HPSG implementations in TRALE

Roughly:

  • Signature
  • Lexicon (Lexical Items, Lexical Rules)
  • Phrase Structure Rules
  • Principles
  • Additional Utilities (e.g. Macros, Definite Clauses,

Functional Descriptions)

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 3/2

slide-7
SLIDE 7

A parse query

Query: rec[she, loves, me]

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 4/2

slide-8
SLIDE 8

PS rules: Example 1

bot sign phrase dtr1:sign dtr2:sign (phrase, synsem:category:subcat:[], dtr1:Subj, dtr2:Head) ===> cat> Subj, cat> Head. (Example 3.1.4 in ’A Web-based course in Grammar Formalisms and Parsing’, Frank Richter)

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 5/2

slide-9
SLIDE 9

PS rules: Example 2

sign phrase daughters:const_struc const_struc hdtr:sign ndtr:sign ... hs_struc ... (phrase, synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:e_list, comps:e_list), daughters:(hs_struc, hdtr:Hdtr, ndtr:Ndtr)) ===> cat> (Ndtr, synsem:Synsem), cat> (Hdtr, synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:[Synsem], comps:e_list)) . (Example 3.2.3 in ’A Web-based course in Grammar Formalisms and Parsing’, Frank Richter)

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 6/2

slide-10
SLIDE 10

PS rules: Example 3

sign intro_complex_sign phrase non_head_dtrs:list headed_phrase head_dtr:sign ... head_adjunct_phrase ... non_headed_phrase ... h_adj ## (head_adjunct_phrase, head_dtr:HeadDtr, non_head_dtrs:[(NonHeadDtr, synsem:loc:cat:head:pre_modifier:minus)]) ===> cat> HeadDtr, cat> NonHeadDtr. (Chapter 13 Example Grammar in ’Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar: Eine Einführung’, Stefan Müller)

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 7/2

slide-11
SLIDE 11

PS rules: BNF syntax

<rule> ::= <rule_name> rule <desc> ===> <rule_body>. <rule_body> ::= <rule_clause> |<rule_clause>, <rule_body> <rule_clause> ::= cat> <desc> |cats> <desc> |sem_head> <desc> |goal> <goal> |sem_goal> <goal> <desc> ::= <type> |<variable> |(<feature>:<desc>) |(<desc>,<desc>) |(<desc>;<desc>) |(=\= <desc>) |<path>==<path>

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 8/2

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Eliminating ’daughters’ attributes

  • Remove ’daughters’ attributes from mother nodes in

PS rules

  • Maintain the same functionality
  • Approach:
  • Check the effects of the removal
  • Recover the original grammar

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 9/2

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Eliminating ’daughters’ attributes

’daughters’ attributes references in implementations

  • Signature
  • Descriptions/Functional Descriptions
  • Macros
  • PS rules
  • Constraints

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 10/2

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Head-Feature Principle

% Head Feature Principle 1 phrase *> (synsem:category:head:H, dtr2:synsem:category:head:H). % Head Feature Principle 2 phrase *> (synsem:loc:cat:head:Head, daughters:hdtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:Head). % Head Feature Principle 3 headed_phrase *> (synsem:loc:cat:head:Head, head_dtr:synsem:loc:cat:head:Head).

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 11/2

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Procedural attachments to PS rules

Subcategorization Principle phrase *> (synsem:category:subcat:PhrSubcat, dtr1:synsem:Synsem, dtr2:synsem:category:subcat:HeadSubcat) goal append(PhrSubcat,[Synsem],HeadSubcat). append(X,Y,Z) if when( ( X=(e_list;ne_list) ; Y=e_list ; Z=(e_list;ne_list) ), undelayed_append(X,Y,Z)). undelayed_append(L,[],L) if true. undelayed_append([],(L,ne_list),L) if true. undelayed_append([H|T1],(L,ne_list),[H|T2]) if append(T1,L,T2).

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 12/2

slide-16
SLIDE 16

An implementation that we cannot hope to optimize this way

schema1 rule (Mother,phrase,synsem:loc:cat:subcat:[]) ===> cat> (SubjDtr,non_word,synsem:SubjSyn), cat> (HeadDtr,phrase), goal>(head_feature_principle(Mother,HeadDtr), inv_minus_principle(Mother), subcat_principle(Mother,HeadDtr,[SubjSyn]), marking_principle(Mother,HeadDtr), spec_principle(SubjDtr,HeadDtr), semantics_principle(Mother,HeadDtr,[SubjDtr]), parochial_trace_principle(SubjDtr), nonlocal_feature_principle(Mother,HeadDtr,[SubjDtr]), single_rel_constraint(Mother), clausal_rel_prohibition(Mother), relative_uniqueness_principle(Mother,[SubjDtr,HeadDtr]), conx_consistency_principle(Mother,[SubjDtr,HeadDtr]), deictic_cindices_principle(Mother,[SubjDtr,HeadDtr])). (HPSG 2.0, Gerald Penn, available at http://www.cs.toronto.edu/ gpenn/ale/files)

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 13/2

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Transformation

% lexical entries %lexical entries %phrase structure rules %phrase structure rules subject_head_rule ## subject_head_rule ## (phrase, (Mother, phrase, synsem:category:subcat:[], synsem:category:subcat:[]) dtr1:Subj, dtr2:Head) ===> ===> cat> Subj, cat> Subj, cat> Head. cat> Head, goal> smp(Mother, Head), goal> hfp(Mother, Head), goal> scp(Mother, Subj, Head).

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 14/2

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Transformation

head_complement_rule ## head_complement_rule ## (phrase, (Mother, phrase, synsem:category:subcat:ne_list, synsem:category:subcat:ne_list) dtr1:Subj, dtr2:Head) ===> ===> cat> Head, cat> Head, cat> Comp. cat> Comp, goal> smp(Mother, Head), goal> hfp(Mother, Head), goal> scp(Mother, Comp, Head).

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 15/2

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Transformation

% Principles % Goal Definitions % Semantics Principle % Semantics Principle Goal phrase *> (synsem:content:C, smp(synsem:content:C dtr2:synsem:content:C). synsem:content:C) if true. % Head Feature Principle % Head Feature Principle Goal phrase *> (synsem:category:head:H, hfp(synsem:category:head:H, dtr2:synsem:category:head:H). synsem:category:head:H) if true.

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 16/2

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Transformation

% Subcategorization Principle % Subcategorization Principle Goal phrase *> scp(synsem:category:subcat:PhrSC, (synsem:category:subcat:PhrSC, synsem:Synsem, dtr1: synsem:category:subcat:HeadSC) synsem:Synsem, if dtr2: append(PhrSC,[Synsem],HeadSC). synsem:category:subcat:HeadSC) goal append(PhrSC,[Synsem],HeadSC). % Goal Definitions %Goal Definition

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 17/2

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Same parse query

Query: rec[she, loves, me]

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 18/2

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Formulating the Task

  • What subset of Trale implementations?
  • HPSG grammars
  • Grammars with restrictions in PS rules and/or

principles

  • What do we want from the user?
  • Content
  • Form

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 19/2

slide-23
SLIDE 23

A more complex example

sign phrase daughters:const_struc const_struc hdtr:sign ndtr:sign ... hs_struc ... (phrase, synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:e_list, comps:e_list), daughters:(hs_struc, hdtr:Hdtr, ndtr:Ndtr)) ===> cat> (Ndtr, synsem:Synsem), cat> (Hdtr, synsem:loc:cat:val:(subj:[Synsem], comps:e_list)) .

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 20/2

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Computational Aspects

  • What kind of transformation is involved?
  • What representation of the data we use?
  • Using already available computations
  • Implementation-related technical decisions

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 21/2

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Conclusion

  • Optimization is possible
  • Automatization of the process seems to be possible
  • Further work
  • Finding solutions for more complex theories
  • Extending grammar examples to classes of

grammars, in respect to the applied transformation

  • Explicitly defining the task
  • Implementation and testing

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 22/2

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Optimization of HPSG Grammar Implementations in Trale – p. 23/2