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Open Educational Topic Maps: A Text-oriented Perspective Lars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Open Educational Topic Maps: A Text-oriented Perspective Lars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Open Educational Topic Maps: A Text-oriented Perspective Lars Johnsen University of Southern Denmark The seven Cs of educational TM Subject Communi- Reuse, matter cation interopera- bility Cohesion Information Content &
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An e-learning architecture based on TM
Resource layer Modules Knowledge layer Communication layer Topic maps Media elements
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An approach …
CNXML Structured Writing Rhetorical Structure Theory
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CNXML
Connexions project Document-oriented No markup for domain
knowledge structures
- r subject identity
But: elements with
source attribute (term, foreign)
Alternative: DITA < cnxml > < > ….. < > ….. < > …….. < > …. < > ….< >. < > ….. < > ….. < > …….. < > …. < > ….< >. < > ….. < > ….. < >….. < > …. < > ….< >. < /cnxml >
<term src=”http://www.example.org/xyz”>xyz</term>
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Structured Writing
Guidelines for analyzing,
- rganizing,
presenting and sequencing content
Inventor: Robert Horn
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The principle of chunking
Chunk content into
small units:
Information blocks
(one informational
- bjective)
Information maps
(five to nine blocks)
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The principle of labeling
Labels support
scanning and browsing
They indicate
contents or communicative function
Label Label Label
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The principle of relevance
Concept Procedure Process Structure Fact Principle Classification
Keep information types apart!
Information types
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The principle of consistency
Be consistent structurally visually linguistically Often tabular formats …
Do this 1 Do that 2 Action Step
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Why Structured Writing?
Raising awareness Conceptual affinity
between topic maps and information maps
Unified
presentation format
Topic Occurrence type Occurrence Formatted file Topic maps data
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Why Structured Writing II?
Content layering Adding blocks and
maps to blocks and maps (like Legos)
= Laying facts
upon facts, facts upon concepts, etc.
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Why Structured Writing III?
Information
extraction
… <term> … <term> Function Part
CNXML + Structured Writing <term>XYZ</term> consists of:
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Rhetorical Structure Theory
Cohesion Coherence Text as hierarchy Nuclei vs satellites Rhetorical relations 1) The butler was the murderer. He was holding the smoking gun. 2) Sherlock Holmes had identified the culprit. The butler was the murderer.
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Some rhetorical relations
Elaboration Preparation Background Restatement Summary Enablement Motivation
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Communicative structures I
Topic Topic type Instance of Description (nucleus) Definition (satellite) Background
Elaboration Summary Modules Topic maps
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Some Any Contrast Explanation Explanation Declarative clause Interrogative clause Reification
Communicative structures II
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Communicative structures III
Topic A Topic B Association 1 Topic X Topic Y Association 3 = rhetorical relation Reification Reification Association 2
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Rounding off …
From communication to learning The relation to Polyscopic Topic Maps The need for: Tools Open repositories
Thank you!