Office hours (today) 2-3 (rather than 2-4) Todays Lecture - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Office hours (today) 2-3 (rather than 2-4) Todays Lecture - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 01, 2023 35 likes •578 views

Office hours (today) 2-3 (rather than 2-4) Todays Lecture Thyreophora (continued) Stegosauria Ankylosauria Shared, derived traits (synapomorphies) General characteristics Diet Brains Locomotion Armor Distribution Taphonomy Gastonia

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Office hours (today) 2-3 (rather than 2-4)

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Today’s Lecture

Thyreophora (continued) Stegosauria Ankylosauria Shared, derived traits (synapomorphies) General characteristics Diet Brains Locomotion Armor Distribution Taphonomy

Gastonia

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Genosauria Thyreophora Stegosauria

Scutellosaurus 4 ft long Early Jurassic, North America Scelidosaurus 13 ft long Early Jurassic, England

Basal Thyreophorans

bipedal to quadrupedal

  • steoderms

Sister Groups

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Ankylosaurus Late Cretaceous

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Ankylosauria Ankylosauridae Nodosauridae

Ankylosaurus Late Cretaceous

Loss fenestra Armour fused to lower jaw Broad pelvis Wide gut Dorsal osteoderms

Ankylosauria = GROUP Ankylosaurs = GROUP Ankylosauridae Ankylosaurids

} SUBGROUP Quick Note:

Sauropelta Early Cretaceous

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Ankylosauridae

early to late Cretaceous

Nodosauridae

mid-Jurassic to late Cretaceous

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Minmi Ankylosauria Basal Ankylosauria

Scelidosaurus Stegosauria Ankylosauridae Nodosauridae

Southern continents (Australia) Ankylosaur/Nodosaur traits Direct evidence of diet fragments of plant vascular tissues seeds leaves Spike-like scutes on hips

(Minmi)

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Ankylosauridae Shared, derived characteristics Well armoured, but fewer spines Tail CLUB Shorter, knobbier skull than Nodosaurs Squamosal horns In some species: asymmetrically arranged scutes (variable)

Ankylosaurus Late Cretaceous

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Other derived traits: Dorsal crossbow Frightened complexion Pink Eveningwear Mantis-Human rider Ankylosauridae

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Nodosauridae

Sauropelta Early Cretaceous

Shared, derived characteristics Spines are emphasized No tail club Longer, thinner skull than Ankylosaurs No squamosal horns Symmetrically arranged scutes Acromial process for heavily muscled foreleg

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Other derived traits: Piloted, rocket propelled manta ray Nodosauridae

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Size

Edmontonia Nodosaurid Late Cretaceous Euoplocephalus Ankylosaurid Late Cretaceous Sauropelta Nodosaurid Early Cretaceous Ankylosaurus... 6-9 meters Ankylosaurid Late Cretaceous

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Ankylosauria: Genosaurs i.e. they’d better have CHEEKS. Premaxillae (cropping) ~ attachment of beak (ramphotheca), Diastem, cheek teeth Cheeks are very emphasized in Ankylosauria Deep, inset, cheek teeth

Euoplocephalus Ankylosaurid Late Cretaceous

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Diet Wide, short vs. Narrow, long Ankylosaurids Nodosaurids ‘White’ Rhino ‘Black’ Rhino Generalist-feeders Selective-feeders

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Ankylosaurus Stegosaurus Diet

5 fenestrae in basal Dinosaurs Nares Antorbital Orbit Upper Temporal Lower Temporal 2-3 in Ankylosaurs (note: variable) Nares Orbit (sometimes) lower temporal Tarchia

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Euplocephalus Ankylosaurid Late Cretaceous

Tooth Morphology

Hand-shaped Small overall Smaller in Ankylosaurids Early Ankylosaurs have conical teeth on their premaxillae

Diet

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Sauropelta Edmontonia Ankylosaurus Euoplacephalus

1 cm

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Edmontonia Euoplocephalus Complex secondary palate Theories: Resonating chamber Smell Moisten dry air Structural brace for complex jaw movements Evidence: Teeth: microscopic wear patterns: suggest pivoting

  • f lower jaw
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Edmontonia Euoplocephalus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSe0IUQ-FCs

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How to be an Herbivore: 101 Small and picky Big and indescriminant

Small & Picky Big & Indiscriminate

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Zebra => Wildebeest => Thompson’s Gazelle

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Euoplocephalus Ankylosaurid Late Cretaceous Sauropelta Nodosaurid Early Cretaceous

G U T S

Wide hindquarters viewed from above Suggests Rear-Fermentation No Gastroliths (like Stegosaurids) ~except Panoplosaurus

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G U T S

Fore-Gut Fermenters (cows) Ruminants Hind-Gut Fermenters (horses) Caeco-colic Fermenters (us)

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Diet Enlarged Hyoid... => Long tongue

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn2vlmsZwjA

Brain

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Brains

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Movement

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Minmi Gastonia

Movement

Euoplocephalus

Ankylosaurids less derived more derived

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Pawpawsaurus Sauropelta

Nodosaur's less derived more derived

Edmontonia

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Projection of scapula (shoulder blade) - acromial process Correlates with a well-muscled shoulder Shared, derived, character (synapomorphy) of Nodosauridae Limbs: pillar-like (compare to Rauisuchians ~ pillar erect)

Nodosauridae

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Euoplocephalus

Ankylosaurids

Upper arm crest especially well-developed Indicated high power strokes with forearms Why? Positioning for tail swings ala Stegosaurids? Digging? ‘Running’?

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‘Power-Pelvis’

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Cranial Acessories Ankylosaurs: Squamosal horns

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Armour: Passive defense against predators Male-male competition; elements of armour may have been used to ‘look bigger’

  • showy structures/competition structures- like antlers in mammals

Armour has imprints of blood vessels: likely covered in skin, could be flushed with blood Active Defense Nodosaurids: should spines Ankylosaurids: Tail clubs

Edmontonia

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Sauropelta Nodosaurid Edmontonia Nodosaurid Dyoplosaurus Nodosaurid

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Euoplocephalus

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rFPfbb5nSI

Gastonia

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Ancient Greek: Ouroboros

Cyclicality

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Taphonomy

Sauropelta

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Edmontonia Sauropelta

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Pinacosaurus