Oea Theral Eergy -Driven Development in the Tropics for Sustaiaility - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
o ea ther al e ergy driven development in the tropics for
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Oea Theral Eergy -Driven Development in the Tropics for Sustaiaility - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 15, 2022 34 likes •535 views

UTM OTEC BRIEFING SERIES (2012-2016) Oea Theral Eergy -Driven Development in the Tropics for Sustaiaility by Dato I D A. Baka Jaafa , PEng, FIEM, FASc Professor of UTM Perdana School of Science, Technology,

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Oea Theral Eergy-Driven Development in the Tropics for Sustaiaility

by Dato’ I D A. Baka Jaafa, PEng, FIEM, FASc Professor of UTM Perdana School of Science, Technology, Innovation, & Policy & Director, UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre www.otec.utm.my E-mail: bakar.jaafar@utm.my E-mail2: bakar.jaafar@gmail.com Mobile: +60 12 320 7201

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

1

UTM OTEC BRIEFING SERIES (2012-2016)

slide-2
SLIDE 2

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. SOURCES OF ENERGY, RENEWABLE & NON-RENEWABLE
  • 3. THE WAY FORWARD FOR OCEAN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE

TROPICS: ORDER OF PRIORITY

  • 4. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC)
  • 5. OTEC RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & POTENTIAL
  • 6. THE ECONOMICS OF OTEC vis-à-vis FOSSIL-FUELS & OTHER FORMS

OF OCEAN ENERGY

  • 7. BENEFITS: SECURITY [ENERGY, WATER, FOOD, CYBER],

ENVIRONMENT,

  • 8. THE WAY FORWARD

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3
  • 2. SOURCES OF ENERGY:

: RENEWABLE & NON-RENEWABLE

3

Current Salinity Gradient

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

CH4 Hydrate

slide-4
SLIDE 4

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

4

Methae Hydate: White Coal

slide-5
SLIDE 5

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SOURCES OF ENERGY

RENEWABLE

  • Solar Energy [2nd-ary forms: Wind, Hydro, Wave, Currents, Biomass, Ocean

Thermal]

  • Tide and Tidal Currents
  • Salinity Gradient
  • Geothermal

NON-RENEWABLE

  • Fossil Fuels [Coal, Methane Hydrate, Oil, & Gas]
  • Nuclear: Fission & Fusion

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

5

slide-6
SLIDE 6

THE EARTH FORMS OF ENERGY

"Among all the forms of energy, we are using today,

  • ver 70% are produced in or through the form of heat."

[Ref: Dongsheng Wen et al (2009)] HEAT (70%)

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

6

slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

Oceanic Current Oceanic Current

Offshore Wind

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

OE = Ocean Energy

slide-8
SLIDE 8

GLOBAL ANNUAL THEORETICAL GENERATION CAPACITY BY FORM OF OCEAN ENERGY

[Data Source: IEA-OES]

OTEC (72%)

Current (6%) Wave (6%) Tide (2%) Salinity gradient (12%)

13,900 TWh

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

8

slide-9
SLIDE 9

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

9

OTEC Potential in the Tropics & Subtropics Wave Power Potential in Temperate Regions

slide-10
SLIDE 10

3.

  • 3. TH

THE WAY FORWARD FOR OCEAN ENERGY DE DEVELOPMENT IN IN TH THE TR TROPICS: ORDER OF F PRI RIORITY

  • 1. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
  • 2. Tidal & Ocean Currents
  • 3. Offshore Wind
  • 4. Salinity Gradient, OTEC SpinOff
  • 5. Marine Algae, OTEC SpinOff
  • 6. Wave

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

10

slide-11
SLIDE 11

OTE TEC Le Legal l Defin finit itio ion:

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

11

  • 4. OCEAN TH

THER ERMAL EN ENERGY CONVERSION

slide-12
SLIDE 12

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

12

10°C 7°C 27°C Gas Liquid

Al-Quran 24:40 (610-632) Rankine (1851) D’Arsonval (1881) Claude (1930)

slide-13
SLIDE 13

OTEC Through the Years

13

Anika_Hossain_OTEC_Meeting Aug 16th, 2013 KL

1870: The first documented reference to the use of ocean temperature differences to produce electricity.

I get eeythig fo the oea. It produces electricity, and electricity supplies the Nautilus with light – in a word, with life.” Jules Verne, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, 1870

Jules Verne, 1828 – 1905 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-14
SLIDE 14

1881: Jacques-Arsèe D’Asoal Feh physicist) proposed the concept of OTEC using ammonia as a working fluid to drive a turbine-generator (the closed-cycle OTEC system). The concept was considered economically non-viable at the time.

14 Jacques-Arsène D’Arsonaval, 1851 – 1940 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-15
SLIDE 15

1926: Georges Claude (French Engineer and student of D’ Asoal ega eseah fo commercial use of OTEC and suggested the open-cycle OTEC system. 1930: Claude designed and built a fully operational closed loop system OTEC (22 kW) power station in Northern Cub, but it had a negative energy balance.

15 Georges Claude, 1870 – 1960 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-16
SLIDE 16

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

16

slide-17
SLIDE 17

HISTORY OF OTEC IN JAPAN

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

17

1974: The launch of the Sunshine Project by the Japanese government. The primary focus of this project was to research and develop OTEC 1977: Saga University succeeded with 1 kW OTEC plant known as Shiranui 1981: Tokyo Electric Co. successfully experimented with an OTEC system generating up to 120 kW of electricity

  • The Kalina cycle was developed. Up until then the Rankine cycle was well-known

1982: Kyushu Electric Power Co. succeeded with 50 kW of power at Tokunoshima, Japan 1985: Saga University completed 75KW of power plant 1988: A variety of fields (engineering, manufacturing, ship building, power generation) were brought together in Japan to form an organization to study OTEC. Hamuo Uehara and his team optimized a hybrid cycle that combines the energy production of OTEC with the desalination of seawater to bolster the efficiency of ocean thermal energy 1989: Agency of Science and Technology (Japan) began study of utilization of deep ocean water (DOW) off Toyama in Japan Sea 1990: IOA (international OTEC Association) was organized by Taiwan, USA and Japan) 1994: Saga University designed and constructed a 4.5 kW plant for the purpose of testing the Uehara cycle1997: Saga University and the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India (NIOT) signed a technical agreement for a 1 MW floating OTEC plant designed by NIOT, which was then constructed in 2001. The Uehara cycle was selected for this design in order to maximize efficiency. 2003: The Institute of Ocean Energy at Saga University was founded 2005: OPOTEC (Organization for the Promotion of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) established in Saga, Japan

slide-18
SLIDE 18

OTEC Demonstration Facility in Kumejima (Okinawa)

  • Jan. 2013
  • Feb. 2013
  • Mar. 2013
  • Apr. 2013
  • May. 2013

28 Jan. Construction Started at Site 16 June. Official Operation Starts 30 Mar. / 1st Power Generation Test Succeeded Surface Water: 23.5 oC, 330t/h Deep Water: 9.3 oC, 250t/h Power Output: 3.1kW (for Test)

June,2013

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

19

JAPAN’S FIRST COMMERCIAL SIZE 5 kW OTEC PLANT,

slide-20
SLIDE 20

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

20

slide-21
SLIDE 21

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

21

Ocean THERMAL

1976 2013 2015 1981

Miami@OH

Hawaii 2007 2012 2016

slide-22
SLIDE 22

5. . OTE TEC RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & POTE TENTIAL Glo lobal OTE TEC Potenti tial & Development: t: From OPEC to OTEC EC

OTEC, 1881

OPEC, 1974

11 January 2017 22

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

Hawaii, 1979 Cuba, 1930 Ivory Coast, 1956

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Figure 1. World-Wide Ocean Thermal Energy Plants in Operation, Under Construction, Planned, and Proposed [Ref: www.otecnews.org]

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

23

slide-24
SLIDE 24

http://www.otecnews.org/otecprojects/

  • Bahamas - Baha Mar resort
  • Japan - Institute of Ocean Energy
  • Martinique - Belle-Fontaine
  • Hawaii - NELHA CC-OTEC plant
  • Hawaii - 10MW Pilot plant
  • Hawaii - 1MW Pilot plant
  • Tetiaora - The Brando
  • Bora Bora - Intercontinental Resort
  • Reunion Island - Le Port
  • Curaçao - Ecopark

[Ref: www.otecnews.org]

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

24

slide-25
SLIDE 25

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

DEPTH-TEMPERATURE PROFILE @7°C

  • Figure1. Depth-temperature profile of different locations at 7°C

References: Avery, 1994, pg421; A Devis-Morales, 1994, pg762; Al Binger,2007; pg5; BATS Frye, 1981, pg16; Maul, 1999, pg67; O'Connell, pg5; Maul, 1999, pg67; Brandon, 2016, Figure 7; Al Binger,2007, pg5; Bassett, 2015, pg2; O'Connell, pg6; Ikegami and Mitsumori, 1998, pg141; Octaviani, 2016, pg69; Ikegami, 2009, pg39; Syamsuddin, 2015, pg221; Bakar, 2016, pg10; Syamsuddin, 2015, pg221; ADB Report, 2014, pg49; Shpilrain, 2009, pg211; Ikegami, 2009, pg39; Al Binger,2007, pg5; Leraand, 1995, pg1100; Sea Semester Lassuy,1979, pg23

Figure 2. Depth @ 7°C surface temperature West East

OTEC Resource Assessment & Potential in The Tropics

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

25

slide-26
SLIDE 26

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

26

Distribution of Ocean Depths @7°C by Longitude & Latitude Y = 0.370x + 747.6 Y = 0.331x + 756.9 We ould pedit the depth of the oea @7ᴼC usig the egessio aalysis euatio as aoe with given coordinates

slide-27
SLIDE 27

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

27

STATISTICS & DISTRIBUTION of OCEAN DEPTH @ 7°C Figure 8. Statistics of the ocean depth at 7°C Figure 9. Distribution of Ocean Depths @7°C

slide-28
SLIDE 28

29,850 sq km 76,060 sq km 25,210 sq km

Kota Kinabalu

Kuala Baram

Labuan

Kuala Penyu

  • P. Balambangan

30 km

Semporna

20 km

SP1H

OTE TEC POTENTIAL IN IN MALA LAYSI SIA

Total Area=131,120 sq km (>700 m) Total OTEC Potential =105,000 MW By 2030, installed capacity of OTEC development could reach 2500 MW, i.e. to match nuclear power

P.Banggi 28 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-29
SLIDE 29

6. . TH THE ECONOMICS OF F OTE TEC vis is-à-vis OIL & OTHER FORMS OF F OCEAN ENERGY

6.1 Investment in OTEC will save more money than that of oil-fired power plant, by 5 times over

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

29

6.2 The price of oil does not matter,

  • t ol that oil & water do ot i,

but also OTEC generates power & very valuable utilities and commodities

slide-30
SLIDE 30

OVERCOMING BARRIERS: HIG IGH IN INIT ITIAL CA CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

  • By introducing project-life

costing;

  • By ealisig that eeale,

itually fee;

  • By highlightig ost-saig oe

project life;

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

30

100 MW (20-year period) Note: Price of Oil : USD 100/barrel

slide-31
SLIDE 31

COMPARATIVE CAPITAL & OPERATING COSTS OVER PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

OIL-FIRED POWER OTEC-POWER

USD 7.5 billion USD 1.5 billion

Total costs (USD) over 21 years of operation

  • 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

USD 100 millions 100MW OIL-FIRED POWER PLANT Capital Cost Fuel Cost O&M Cost

  • 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

USD 100 millions 100MW OTEC POWER PLANT Capital Cost O&M Cost

11 January 2017 31

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-32
SLIDE 32

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

32

… AN OVERVIEW OF OCEAN ENERGY BY TYPE

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Ocean Energy Input Capacity factor Output Cost of Ocean Energy (USD/KWh) Generation Capacity (MW) Capacity Investment (Million USD) MW/Million USD Wave Energy 10 63 0.16 30% 0.56 Tidal Energy 254 298 0.85 20% 0.28 Offshore wind 10 40 0.25 42% 0.17 OTEC 53 451 0.12 95% 0.13 Salinity gradient 200 600 0.33 80% 0.09 kWh: Kilowatt-hour, MW: Megawatt [Data Source: IRENA (2014), ADB Report (2015)]

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

33

slide-34
SLIDE 34

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION Potable Water Re-use of DSW Fresh Water Offshore Power Supply District Cooling Fishery, Aquaculture Ocean Mineral Water Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals Lithium Extraction Temperate Agriculture Warm Surface Water (WSW) Cold Deep Sea Water (DSW) DSW WSW D e s a l i n a t I o n Hydrogen Electricity Refrigeration

34 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-35
SLIDE 35

OTEC-H2 Mineral H20 Health & Cosmetics High Value Produce Temperate Produce “Import Substitutions” Lithium Production Smart-Grid With All Renewables Ms Earth Japan, 2012 Capture-Fisheries

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

35

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Capital Investment (USD Million) Annual Revenue (USD Million)

Payback Period

Bankability

Yes No

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

36

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Payback Period of Investment in OTEC Project [with and without Spinoff(s)]

Business venture OTEC Plant (Net MW) OTEC Plant Investment ($USD/KW) TOTAL Investment USD Annual Revenue USD Payback Period (Year) Remarks OTEC 1.35 .41,542 56,081,700.00 7,481,160.00 15

Power Only

OTEC + Raw Water 1.35 41,542 56,234,381.00 11,246,876.20 10

Power + Raw Water (RW)

OTEC+ RBW 1.35 41,542 409,302,900.00 163,721,160.00 5

Raw & Bottled Water (RBW)

OTEC + Raw Water + Hydrogen 1.35 41,542 534,316,081.00 356,210,720.67 3

RW + Production

  • f Liquid

Hydrogen

OTEC + RBW + Hydrogen 1.35 41,542 887,384,600.00 591,589,733.33 3

RBW+ Production

  • f Liquid

Hydrogen

[Data Source :A Detailed Cost Analysis for Starting a Water Bottling Plant; Fauziah SH, 2014; Ryzin et al., 2014

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

37

slide-38
SLIDE 38

Case I: I: Payback Perio iod of f In Investment in in OTEC Project ONLY for r Power Su Supply

Capacity of 1 MW = 1000 kW Power/year = 1000 kW x 8760 (hours/year) Annual Revenue = 8.76 m kWh x (USD 0.10/kWh) = USD 0.876 million Payback period = 2 [(Capital/Annual Revenue)] years = 2[USD (43.8 m/0.876 m)] = 100 years Bankability? = 5-10 years

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

38

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Cas ase II: II: Payback Period of

  • f In

Investment in in OTE TEC Project for Ra Raw De Deep Se Sea a Water (R (RDSW) Su Supply ly

Capacity of 1 MW of OTEC producing 2.5 mᶟ/s: Volume, V = 2.5 x 3600 x 8760 mᶟ/yr = 78.84 million mᶟ/year Annual Revenue = (V/year) x (Tariff) = 78. 84 million (mᶟ/yr) x USD (0.25/mᶟ) = USD 19.71 million Payback period = 2 [(Capital/Annual Revenue)] years = 2[USD (43.8 m/19.71 m)] = 4.4 years Bankability? < 5 years => YES

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

39

slide-40
SLIDE 40

7. . BENEFITS TO T THE COUNTRY

  • SECURITY [ENERGY, WATER, FOOD, CYBER],
  • BIODIVERSITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, THE

ENVIRONMENT ETC

  • MEDICAL & HEALTH CARE
  • TRANSPORTATION & URBANISATION
  • COMMODITIES

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

40

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Enablers Issues

IMPACTFUL FOCUS AREAS

MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE FOOD SECURITY ENERGY SECURITY ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE CYBER SECURITY PLANTATION CROPS & COMMODITIES TRANSPORT & URBANISATION WATER SECURITY GREEN TECHNOLOGY CROSS CUTTING TECHNOLOGIES SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

41

BIODIVERSITY FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

slide-42
SLIDE 42

2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 OTEC 134 2,848 7,884 15,768 27,594 47,304 59,129 Fuel Cell 16 354 1,665 4,054 11,603 27,782 53,194 Bioenergy 809 1,455 1,567 4,088 7,553 12,535 14,832 17,823 21,049 Wind Energy 547 1,095 2,601 5,913 10,052 14,520 18,922 Solar PV 7 437 790 1,579 2,631 3,999 6,314 9,502 11,913 Nuclear 12,264 12,264 12,264 12,264 11,650 Wave/ Tidal/ Current 219 548 751 3,548 5,868 7,603 9,662 Hydropower 9,056 9,084 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 Geothermal 216 382 531 1,264 2,122 3,174 4,318 Fossil Fuel 124,596 134,571 151,656 165,891 165,388 169,623 169,661 155,798 146,047 Total 134,468 145,547 164,675 186,316 210,800 238,500 269,841 305,300 345,417

50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000

Mala laysia ia: Projected El Electric icit ity Gen Generati tion by y Ene Energy So Source (GWh) 201 2012-2050

42

Source: ASM TF CFE

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
  • 8. THE WAY

FORWARD FOR MALAYSIA

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Thank You Merci Gracias спсио 谢谢 ركش TERIMA KA KASIH

43 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-44
SLIDE 44

Pof Dato’ I D A Baka Jaafa, PEng, FIEM, FASc, KMN, JSM, DPMP BE (Hons) (Newcastle), MEn (Miami), PhD (Hawaii) Professor, UTM Perdana School & [1 June 2013-31 May 2017] (www.utm.my) Director, UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [www.otec.utm.my] Prepared [and Presented by]

11 January 2017 44

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

Mobile: +60 123207201 E-mail: bakar.jaafar@gmail.com

slide-45
SLIDE 45

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

45

slide-46
SLIDE 46

A Bakar Jaafar (1976):“Applicability of Solar Energy Technology for Industrial Pollution Control and Production: the Case of the Primary Copper Smelting Industry.” Master of Environmental Science Internship Report. Miami University, Ohio. June 1976. p. 82. A Bakar Jaafar (2009): Utusan Malaysia estidotmy, Oktober: 10-11 A Bakar Jaafar (2010). “Exploiting Ocean Thermal Energy Differential as Renewable Energy Source,” MIMA Bulletin 17 (3):35-36. A Bakar Jaafar (2012). “Harnessing Ocean Energy from Temperature Differentials of the Water Depth off the Sabah Trough, Malaysia,” MIMA Bulletin 19(1):24-26. A Bakar Jaafar (2012). “Conversion of Ocean Thermal Energy to Electric Power and Hydrogen Fuel, The University of Newcastle Newsletter, May Issue 20, page 3. Grace Chen (2012). “On a mission for sustainable future,” New Sunday Times 17 June, p. V13. Zuaida Abdullah (2014). “Investment Opportunities in Green Energy for Sustainable Development,” Presentation at the 28th CACCI Conference 2014, KL Convention Centre

… REFERENCE

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

46 11 January 2017

slide-47
SLIDE 47

تمظك ْأ

Atau (orang-orang kafir itu keadaannya) adalah umpama keadaan (orang yang di dalam) gelap-gelita

يّّجل رْحب يف

di lautan yang dalam

جْم هشْغي

yang diliputi oleh ombak bertindih ombak

جْم هقْف ْنم

bertindih ombak

ۚ حس هقْف ْنم

di sebelah atasnya pula awan tebal

ضْعب تمظ

(demikianlah keadaannya) gelap-gelita

هدي جرْخأ اذإ ضْعب قْف

berlapis-lapis apabila orang itu mengeluarkan tangannya

ۗ هاري ْدكي ْل

ia tidak dapat melihatnya sama sekali

اًرن هل هاللُّ لعْجي ْل ْنم

Dan (ingatlah) sesiapa yang tidak dijadikan Allah menurut undang-undang peraturanNya mendapat cahaya (hidayah petunjuk)

رن ْنم هل مف

maka ia tidak akan beroleh sebarang cahaya (yang akan memandunya ke jalan yang benar).

An-Nur 24:40

11 January 2017 47

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-48
SLIDE 48

SUN Atmosphere WIND Clouds Rain HYDRO WAVE CURRENT OCEAN THERMAL Al-Quran_Surah 24 Verse 40: A visual interpretation

48 11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]
slide-49
SLIDE 49

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

49

slide-50
SLIDE 50

UT UTM Oc Ocean Thermal Ene Energy Ce Centre [U-OTEC], , Bl Block Q Q Gr Ground Fl Floor, UT UTM Jalan Jalan Su Sultan Yah ahya Petr tra , , 5410 54100 Kuala Lu Lumpur, Mala laysia ia E-mail: l: ba bakar.jaafar@gmail il.com Mobile: +60 60 12 12 320 320 7201 7201

Our r Vis isio ion: From Three ee Colu Columns of

  • f Knowle

ledge e to

  • Three

ee Towers of

  • f Prosperity

for

  • r Sustainable

le Futu ture

3W Micro-OTEC @UTM OTEC Block Q Commissioned on 22 May 2015

11 January 2017

  • A. Bakar Jaafar @UTM OTEC Briefing [General Presentation]

50