NYSE: GBX
November 2014
I nvestor Contact:
Investor.Relations@gbrx.com
Website:
www.gbrx.com
NYSE: GBX November 2014 I nvestor Contact: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
0 NYSE: GBX November 2014 I nvestor Contact: Investor.Relations@gbrx.com Website: www.gbrx.com Safe Harbor Statement UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995: This presentation may contain forward-looking statements,
NYSE: GBX
November 2014
I nvestor Contact:
Investor.Relations@gbrx.com
Website:
www.gbrx.com
1
UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995: This presentation may contain forward-looking statements, including statements regarding expected new railcar production volumes and schedules, expected customer demand for the Company’s products and services, plans to increase manufacturing capacity, restructuring plans, new railcar delivery volumes and schedules, growth in demand for the Company’s railcar services and parts business, and the Company’s future financial performance. Greenbrier uses words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “forecast,” “potential,” “goal,” “contemplates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “hopes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “strategy,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “likely,” “will,” “may,” “can,” “designed to,” “future,” “foreseeable future” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking
uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from in the results contemplated by the forward-looking
indicative of our financial results; uncertainty or changes in the credit markets and financial services industry; high levels of indebtedness and compliance with the terms of our indebtedness; write-downs of goodwill, intangibles and other assets in future periods; sufficient availability of borrowing capacity; fluctuations in demand for newly manufactured railcars or failure to
related issues; actual future costs and the availability of materials and a trained workforce; failure to design or manufacture new products or technologies or to achieve certification or market acceptance of new products or technologies; steel or specialty component price fluctuations and availability and scrap surcharges; changes in product mix and the mix between segments; labor disputes, energy shortages or operating difficulties that might disrupt manufacturing operations or the flow of cargo; production difficulties and product delivery delays as a result of, among other matters, inefficiencies associated with expansion or start-up of production lines or increased production rates, changing technologies, transfer of production between facilities or non-performance of alliance partners, subcontractors or suppliers; ability to obtain suitable contracts for the sale of leased equipment and risks related to car hire and residual values; integration of current or future acquisitions and establishment of joint ventures; succession planning; discovery of defects in railcars or services resulting in increased warranty costs or litigation; physical damage or product or service liability claims that exceed our insurance coverage; train derailments
potential environmental remediation obligations or changing tank car or other rail car or railroad regulation; and issues arising from investigations of whistleblower complaints; all as may be discussed in more detail under the headings "Risk Factors" and “Forward Looking Statements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2014, and our other reports on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's opinions only as of the date hereof. Except as otherwise required by law, we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
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Wheels, Repair & Parts FY2014 Revenue: $496 million (22% of Total) Leasing & Services FY2014 Revenue: $83 million (4% of Total) Manufacturing FY2014 Revenue: $1.62 billion (74% of Total)
Wheel services and parts reconditioning at 13 U.S. sites
GBW Railcar Services (50/50 JV) providing repair services at 38 sites in North America (incl. 14 tank car certified facilities)
Leading manufacturer of railcars in North America and Europe
As of August 31, 2014, railcar backlog was 31,500 units valued at $3.33 billion
In September and October 2014, received orders for 11,400 units valued at $1.0 billion
Leading domestic manufacturer
August 31, 2014, marine backlog is valued at approximately $112 million.
Owned fleet 8,500
Managed Fleet 238,000
Transitioned to asset light model in FY 2014
Three business segments working together
$- $400 $800 $1,200 $1,600 $2,000 $2,400 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14
$ in millions
Historical Revenue
Manufacturing Wheels, Repair & Parts Leasing & Services
I PO
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4
Attractive Industry Dynamics
‒
Forecasted to continue through 2018
Unique Strategic Position
through cycle
‒
Enhanced Leasing model
‒
Manufacturing product diversification Strong Financial Profile
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Source: FTR Associates – Rail Equipment Outlook (September 2014)
than trucks
and aging highway infrastructure constrain trucking
25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014F 2015F 2016F 2017F 2018F
Rail Carloadings
N.A. Freight Traffic
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Drivers:
‒ Changing tank car regulatory
environment
‒ Intermodal ‒ Automotive loadings ‒ Commodities ‒ Housing
and capital expenditure budgets
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2012 2006 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014F 2015F 2016F 2017F 2018F
Units
North American Railcar Deliveries
Industry forecasts continue to exceed the 20 year average of 50,000 units
Source: FTR Associates – Rail Equipment Outlook (September 2014)
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stabilizing coal traffic, crude oil unit trains and intermodal traffic growth
equipment upgrades drive repair spending
tank car maintenance cycle
regulatory environment
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2012 2006 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1,400,000 1,450,000 1,500,000 1,550,000 1,600,000 1,650,000 1,700,000 1,750,000 1,800,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014F 2015F 2016F 2017F 2018F
U.S. Rail Ton Miles
Source: FTR Associates – Rail Equipment Outlook (September 2014)
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users seek flexibility and financial institutions seek yield
private (“leasing / shipping companies”) railcar ownership expected to continue
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2012 2006 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: AAR – Railroad Equipment Outlook (August 2014) 52% 39% 4% 4% 4% 44% 57%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Historical N.A. Railcar Fleet Ownership
Railroads TTX Private 100% = 1.5 million railcars (2005-1.51 million & 2014-1.52 million)
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Demand across broadening range of railcars
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 2011A 2012A 2013A 2014F 2015F 2016F 2017F 2018F
Units
Other hoppers / gondolas Coal Flat cars (auto) Intermodal Tanks Boxcar Covered hopper
Source: FTR Associates – Rail Equipment Outlook (September 2014)
10 Tank car deliveries achieved a record level in 2013
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Units
Source: RSI ARCI
15 Year Average
Current strong build reflects crude-by-rail traffic increase. Expected regulatory changes will drive continued high demand.
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335,000 Total Tank Cars 272,000 DOT-111 Non-Pressurized 252,000 Pre-Petition 96,000 Non- Hazardous 58,000 Crude & Ethanol 23,000 Other Flammable 75,000 Other Hazardous 20,000 Petition 2,000 Non- Hazardous 15,000 Crude & Ethanol 3,000 Other Flammable 63,000 Pressurized
Source: DOT NPRM June 2014, RSI, AAR
“Pre-Petition” represents tank cars ordered prior to October 2011 built to the long-established industry standard. “Petition” represents the current industry standard voluntarily adopted by AAR, for cars ordered after October 2011.
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Pre-petition cars reflect the current government tank car standards (adopted in 1971). Petition cars refer to the P-1577 standards that were adopted by AAR circular CPC-1232 for all cars ordered after October 1, 2011 (also known as “Good Faith” cars).
Source: GBX Engineering 12
Tank Type Pre-Petition Petition
Code DOT-111 CPC-1232 Effective Date (new cars) Nov-71 Oct-11 Max Gross Rail Load 263,000 286,000 Normalized Steel Heads & Shells No Yes Half-Inch Head Shields No Half or Full Height Head & Shell Thickness 7/16 inch 7/16 to 1/2 inch* Top Fittings Protection No Yes Half-Inch Ceramic Insulation No No Steel Jackets Some Some High Flow Pressure Relief Valve No Some Improved BOV Handle No No
* Depends on jacketing
13 13
14
HM-251 Tank Car
likely to breach HM-251 Tank Car
likely to breach
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Packing Group Categories Risk Profile Out of service by:
Packing Group 1 (predominance of crude) Great Danger
Packing Group 2 (some Crude, all Ethanol) Medium Danger
Packing Group 3 (flammable items not in PG1 or PG 2) Minor Danger
Under the current DOT proposal, existing DOT-111 and CPC-1232 cars could be retrofitted to the new standard, with the exception of the ‘added top fitting protection’ which is deemed not economically
flammable service.
Source: DOT NPRM “Enhanced Tank Car Standards & Operational Controls for High-Hazard Flammable Trains”
Retrofit Option
Bottom Outlet Valve Handle $1,200 High Flow Pressure Relief Valve $1,500 New Truck $16,000 Thermal Protection $4,000 Full Jacket $23,000 Full Height Head Shield $17,500 Added Top Fitting Protection* $24,500 ECP Brakes $5,000
Total (* excl. Top Fitting Protection) $68,200
Per the DOT proposal, it is expected that retrofits to DOT-111 and CPC-1232 cars could range between $26,000 - $33,000. It should be noted that the costs are estimates and actual costs will vary. Also, there is substantial diversity within the tank car classes and not all cars will need the same type of retrofitting.
16 16
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lower-cost, flexible manufacturing facilities
diversifying product portfolio while maintaining the quality customers demand
maintenance business - large aftermarket business provides stability throughout business cycles
the railcar life cycle
Greenbrier is well-positioned to benefit from numerous tailwinds. Our diversified business model leaves Greenbrier relatively well- insulated from any major potential headwinds.
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$749 (79% ) $1,625 (74% ) $102 (11% ) $496 (22% ) $92 (10% ) $83 (4% )
$943 $2,204
$- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500
2006 2014
$ in millions ( % of Tot al Rev
even enue) e)
Manufacturing WR&P Leasing & Services
Greenbrier’s revenue has more than doubled since the prior new railcar delivery peak in 2006.
GBX NA Share* : * : 2006 2006 – 13% 13% 2014 2014 – 23% 23%
* Management estimate - based on calendar year deliveries. Greenbrier’s North America share for
2014 is YTD through September 30, 2014. 2014 Revenue numbers are as of August 31, 2014.
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Backlog Units 13,400 5,300 15,400 10,700 14,400 31,500
FY 2014 orders totaled 34,300 railcar units valued at $3.42 billion. In September
and October 2014, Greenbrier has received orders for an additional 11,400 units valued at approximately $1 billion.
$1,160 $420 $1,230 $1,200 $1,520 $3,330
$87 $79 $80 $112 $106 $106
$- $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120
$- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500
Average Sales Price/ Unit ($ in thousands) Backlog Value ($ in millions)
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GBX, 15% ARI , 20% RAI L, 11% TRN, 42% Others, 13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1
100% = 85,826 units
Covered Hoppers, 31%
Open Hoppers, 7% Gondolas, 10%
Tank Cars, 42%
Flat Cars, 10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1
100% = 85,826 units
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GBX, 29% ARI , 9% RAI L, 11% TRN, 42% Others, 10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1
100% = 124,437 units
Covered Hoppers, 43% Tank Cars, 41% Flat Cars, 9% Other* , 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1
100% = 124,437 units
* Other car types include box cars, gondolas and open hoppers
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Prior Goals
Focus Area Goal Status Actions Gross Margin Enhancement Minimum 13.5% by 4Q FY 2014
Q4 FY 2014 aggregate gross margin reached 17.2%. FY 2014 aggregate gross margin 14.6%.
Capital Efficiency Liberate $100 million by 2Q FY 2014
Net debt decreased $149 million since February 2013.
Fix/Sell/Close Take action as needed
Formed GBW- 50/50 joint venture with Watco Companies, LLC. Closed 6 underperforming facilities.
New Goals
Enhancement Aggregate gross margin of at least 20% by the second half
At least 25% by the second half of FY 2016
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($ in millions)
$2,204
$- $400 $800 $1,200 $1,600 $2,000 $2,400 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Revenue
16,200
4 8 12 16 20 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Deliveries (Units)
7.7x 5.5x 4.6x 2.7x 2.0x
1.1x
0.0x 2.0x 4.0x 6.0x 8.0x 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Net Debt (2) to Adj. EBI TDA(1)
(1) Adjusted EPS & Adjusted EBITDA exclude gain on contribution to GBW, restructuring charges, goodwill impairment and other special items (2) Net debt is defined as Gross debt plus debt discount less Cash
$3.07
$(1.00) $- $1.00 $2.00 $3.00 $4.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Adjusted EPS(1)
FY 2015 Revenue to exceed $2.5 billion Deliveries to exceed 20,000 units FY 2015 Guidance = $4.25 – 4.55 We expect the downward trend to continue in FY 2015
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Net Funded Debt(2) / Adjusted EBI TDA(1)
Liquidity Summary ($ in millions)
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(1) Adjusted EBITDA exclude gain on contribution to GBW, restructuring charges, goodwill impairment and other special items (2) Net debt is defined as funded debt less cash
7.7x 5.5x 4.6x 2.7x 2.0x 1.1x
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 $105 $105 $192 $299 $304 $321 $76 $99 $50 $54 $97 $185
$181 $204 $242 $353 $401 $506
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
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Diversified Revenue Streams Strong Balance Sheet & Liquidity Solid Railcar Backlog
Strong balance sheet and positive free cash flow trend
Positive trends in average sales price and continued strength in new
Unique model that enhances financial performance across the cycle, with powerful cross selling opportunities
Strategic I nitiatives
Initiatives to improve gross margins and capital efficiency
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NYSE: GBX
November 2014
I nvestor Contact:
Investor.Relations@gbrx.com
Website:
www.gbrx.com
27
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−Received orders of 10,400 units in Q4 valued at
$1.06 billion
−Broad range of car types including automotive,
small and medium cube covered hoppers, and tank cars
−Less than 40% of backlog are tank cars
at $1 billion received after August 31, 2014
−Includes 1,100 units syndicated through Leasing
3,500 3,700 3,400 4,300 4,800 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Total Deliveries
700 400 700 900 1,100 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Syndicated Deliveries
14,400 13,500 15,200 26,400 31,500 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Backlog
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−Record revenue reflects higher deliveries
−Record gross margin driven by production
efficiencies, leasing strategy, product mix and pricing
−Strong operating performance −Adjusted EBITDA margin of 13.1%
$0.69 $0.51 $0.51 $1.03 $1.03 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Diluted EPS*
$52.1 $50.0 $44.9 $78.0 $80.8 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Adjusted EBITDA* ($ millions)
$484.2 $490.4 $502.2 $593.3 $618.1 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Revenue ($ millions)
* Excludes Restructuring charges in 4Q FY13 and FY14 and gain on contribution to GBW in 4Q FY14.
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−Increased capital expenditures, railcars held for
syndication and tax payments resulted in lower free cash flow in 4Q
−Available liquidity exceeds $505 million
share
repurchased 1,017,562 shares of common stock,
−Completed $50 million share repurchase program
announced October 2013
February 2013, the baseline of the margin and capital efficiency targets
$0.15 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Dividends
$141.3 $176.7 $196.1 $217.3 $133.9 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
LTM Free Cash Flow Generated*
($ millions)
* Excludes Restructuring charges in 4Q FY 2013 and FY 2014 and gain on contribution to GBW in 4Q FY 2014.
$324.7 $330.2 $254.2 $266.7 $273.3 4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Net Funded Debt ($ millions)
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to purchase
revenue and margin in Manufacturing segment
multiple quarter ends
−
“Railcars held for syndication”
−
Included in Leasing segment
transactions to third parties (e.g. Mitsubishi UFJ Lease & Finance) seeking income streams
−
Revenue recognized in Manufacturing segment
post sale
−
Included in Leasing segment
32
Quarterly Trends Revenue and Gross Margin % FY 15 Outlook
and Marine activity
efficiencies and favorable product mix including more marine production
approximately $112 million
approximately $95 million in FY 2015, primarily related to capacity projects in Mexico, enhanced vertical integration and efficiency enhancements. Capacity projects include doubling of tank car capacity and moving from a leased facility to a lower cost owned facility.
($ in millions)
4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Revenues $351.7 $359.5 $347.8 $425.6 $492.1 Gross Margin $43.3 $48.0 $41.2 $73.8 $87.9 Gross Margin % 12.3% 13.4% 11.8% 17.3% 17.9% Operating Margin % 8.6% 10.7% 8.7% 14.4% 14.8% Capital Expenditures $8.8 $3.9 $6.2 $14.7 $31.2 Railcar Backlog $1,520 $1,430 $1,540 $2,750 $3,330 Backlog (units) 14,400 13,500 15,200 26,400 31,500 Deliveries (units) 3,500 3,700 3,400 4,300 4,800
4Q Business Conditions
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% $- $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600 $1,800 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 $ in millions Revenue Margin
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Quarterly Trends Revenue and Gross Margin % FY 15 Outlook
with Watco Companies, LLC focused on retrofitting, refurbishing and repairing railcars through 38 shop network, including 14 tank car certified facilities
repair operation to unconsolidated GBW in July
cash gain on contribution to GBW
approximately $10 million in FY 2015
the equity method of accounting – GBW will not be consolidated in Greenbrier’s financial statements
($ in millions)
4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Revenues $114.0 $113.4 $136.5 $140.7 $105.0 Gross Margin $7.6 $5.4 $8.6 $10.8 $6.8 Gross Margin % 6.7% 4.8% 6.3% 7.7% 6.5% Operating Margin % (0.1% ) (0.3% ) 2.6% 3.9% 30.3% * Capital Expenditures $1.6 $1.6 $1.7 $2.5 $3.0
4Q Business Conditions
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% $- $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 $ in millions Revenue Margin
* Excluding gain on contribution to GBW, operating margin is 2.7% for Q4 FY 2014.
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Quarterly Trends Revenue and Gross Margin % FY 15 Outlook
syndication of third party produced railcars
performance of owned fleet
Management Services activity
approximately $25 million in FY 2015 (Gross capital expenditures of $35 million, including corporate expenditures, offset by equipment proceeds of approximately $10 million)
($ in millions)
4Q 13 1Q 14 2Q 14 3Q 14 4Q 14
Revenues $18.5 $17.5 $17.9 $27.0 $21.0 Gross Margin $9.4 $8.1 $8.1 $12.2 $11.3 Gross Margin % 50.7% 46.3% 45.0% 45.1% 53.7% Operating Margin % 82.5% 49.6% 53.8% 53.9% 38.9% Net Capital Expenditures ($35.0) ($13.0) ($12.5) ($10.0) ($13.3) Lease Fleet Utilization 97.4% 97.0% 97.6% 97.9% 98.2% Owned Fleet (units) 8,600 8,300 8,400 8,300 8,600 Managed Fleet (units) 224,000 231,000 233,000 235,000 238,000
4Q Business Conditions
38% 40% 42% 44% 46% 48% 50% 52% $- $20 $40 $60 $80 $100
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
$ in millions Revenue Margin
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August 31, 2013 August 31, 2014 Corporate & Manufacturing: Revolving facilities $ 48 $ 13 Senior convertible notes 245 245 Other term loans 3 2 296 260 Less: Cash (97) (185)
Net Corp & Manufacturing Debt $ 199 $ 75
Leasing term loan(1) 126 198
Total Net Debt $ 325 $ 273
Equipment on operating lease $ 305 $ 259 Leasing debt as % of Equipment on
41% 76%
(1) Recourse to leasing subsidiary only.
The March 2014 refinancing of ~ $125 million senior term debt secured by railcars on lease with new six- year $200 million senior term debt more appropriately leverages the lease fleet and reduces net Corporate and Manufacturing debt to $75 million.
36
Supple lem ent al D l Dis isclo losure
Reconciliation of Net Earnings (loss) to Adjusted EBI TDA
(In millions, unaudited) Quarter Ending
2013
2013
2014 May 31, 2014
2014 Net earnings (loss) $23.3 $23.0 $20.5 $46.1 $60.1 Interest and foreign exchange 4.0 4.7 4.1 5.4 4.4 Income tax expense 12.2 10.5 9.9 16.3 35.7 Depreciation and amortization 9.9 10.9 9.9 10.1 9.6 Gain on contribution to GBW
Restructuring charges 2.7 0.9 0.5 0.1
$52.1 $50.0 $44.9 $78.0 $80.8
See slide 39 for definition of Adjusted EBITDA
37
Supple lem ent al D l Dis isclo losure
Reconciliation of Net Earnings (loss) to Adjusted EBI TDA
(In millions, unaudited) Year Ending August 31, 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Net earnings (loss) ($57.9) $8.3 $8.4 $61.2 ($5.4) $149.8 Interest and foreign exchange 45.9 45.2 37.0 24.8 22.2 18.7 Income tax expense (benefit) (16.9) (0.9) 3.5 32.4 25.1 72.4 Depreciation and amortization 37.6 37.5 38.3 42.4 41.4 40.4 Goodwill impairment 55.7
Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
15.7
1.5 Adjusted EBITDA
$64.4 $76.1 $102.9 $160.8 $162.9 $253.8
See slide 39 for definition of Adjusted EBITDA
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Supplem ent al D Disclosure
Reconciliation of Net Earnings (loss) Attributable to Greenbrier to Net Earnings Excluding Goodwill I mpairment, Gain on Contribution to GBW, Loss (gain) on Debt extinguishment and Special I tems
(In millions, except per share amounts, unaudited) Year Ending August 31, 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Net earnings (loss) attributable to Greenbrier ($56.4) $4.3 $6.5 $58.7 ($11.1) $111.9 Goodwill impairment 51.0
Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment (after-tax)
9.4
1.0 Adjusted Net Earnings (loss) ($5.4) ($8.9) $15.9 $58.7 $62.5 $99.3 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 16.8 20.2 26.5 33.7 34.2 34.2
Adjusted Diluted EPS ($0.32) ($0.44) $0.60 $1.91 $2.00 $3.07
See slide 39 for definition of Adjusted EPS
39
Net earnings excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW, Adjusted EBITDA, and Diluted earnings per share excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW are not financial measures under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We define Net earnings excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW as Net earnings before restructuring charges (after-tax) and gain on contribution to GBW (after- tax). We define Adjusted EBITDA as Net earnings attributable to Greenbrier before interest and foreign exchange, income tax expense, restructuring charges, gain on contribution to GBW and depreciation and amortization. We define Diluted earnings per share excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW as Net earnings excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW before interest and debt issuance costs (net of tax) on convertible notes divided by Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding. Net earnings excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW, Adjusted EBITDA, and Diluted earnings per share excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW are performance measurement tools used by Greenbrier. You should not consider Net earnings excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW, Adjusted EBITDA, and Diluted earnings per share excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW in isolation or as a substitute for other financial statement data determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because Adjusted EBITDA and Diluted earnings per share excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW are not measures of financial performance under GAAP and are susceptible to varying calculations, the Adjusted EBITDA and Diluted earnings per share excluding restructuring charges and gain on contribution to GBW measures presented may differ from and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.