Numbering issues in connected cars Francesco Bernabei AGCOM EMERG - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Numbering issues in connected cars

Francesco Bernabei AGCOM

EMERG WORKSHOP IOT / M2M REGULATION WITH A FOCUS ON AUTONOMOUS DRIVING Roma, 26-27 September 2018

CEPT history and members map

• Conférence

Européenne des administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications – CEPT

• Established in 1959 by 19 countries
• Original members - public postal and telecommunications administrations
• Today 48 countries are members of CEPT

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CEPT: 48 countries

Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Vatican.

CEPT - Working Group Numbering & Networks

Francesco Bernabei EMERG Workshop - Rome, 26-27 September 2018 - Numbering issues in connected cars 3 Working Group Numbering and Networks - WG NaN

Chairman Johannes Vallesverd (NOR) Secretary Administrative Hege Johnson (NOR) Vice-Chairmen Elizabeth Greenberg (G) Vassil Krastev (D)

NaN SFG Strategy Forum Group

ECO contact Freddie McBride

a

PT ES Emergency Services Chairman Daniel Voisard (SUI) Vice-Chairman Veronica Huzuneanu(ROU) PT FNI Future Numbering Issues Chairman Francesco Bernabei (I) PT NPS Number Portability & Switching Chairman João Silva (POR) PT TRIS Technical Regulatory Issues Chairman Virgilijus Stundzia (LTU)

Numbering issues in connected cars

• Some current issues

– eCall implementation issues – Global numbers/extra-territorial use of numbers and assignments of numbering resources to undertakings other than operators – Introduction of eSIM

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IMSI=222 77 1234567890

Numbering resources

• E.164 – telephone number

E.164 = <Country code> <National number>

• E.212 - International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

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Dial «+3932222» Called Party «+3931111» is displayed Calling Line identifier - CLI Identifier of the phone «+3931111» Identifier of the phone «+3932222» IMSI is used to identify the Mobile Subscriber Identity (i.e. to register) IMSI is contained in the SIM card IMSI = MCC - MNC - MSIDN

+3931111

eCall numbering issues

• eCall is a service designed for automotive vehicles to provide quick

emergency response in case of a road accident or emergency, anywhere in the European Union.

• eCall is a 112 emergency call that can be generated either manually by a

vehicle’s occupants, by pressing a dedicated eCall button, or automatically, via activation of in-vehicle sensors when a road accident occurs.

• When activated, the eCall in-vehicle system establishes a voice connection

directly with the relevant Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) and a Minimum Set of Data (MSD) is sent to the PSAP over the voice connection.

• A Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending

Directive 2007/46/EC was agreed in December 2014 concerning type- approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system in all new passenger cars and light duty types of vehicles.

• The regulation requires all new type-approved car models to be

equipped with eCall technology from 31 March 2018.

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eCall numbering issues

• eCall may be implemented in two different ways

– 112-based eCall service: where eCalls are directly routed to the PSAP – Third Party service Supported eCall systems (TPS eCall services): where the first part of the eCall is routed to a service centre of an Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) (e.g. car manufacturers) and the second part is subsequently routed by the TPS service centre to the PSAP.

• Private eCall provision (i.e. TPS eCall services) is based on commercial

agreements among the involved actors, including mobile operators and PSAPs.

• 112-based eCall is mandatory and the customer will be able to opt for this

implementation at all times.

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eCall numbering issues

• eCall is carried out by means of mobile networks utilising:

– physical SIM-cards or – eSIMs/eUICCs (embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Cards)

• In order to provide the service, E.164 and E.212 numbering resources are

needed, at least for the call-back

• Numbering related concerns with eCall also include

– roaming and so called permanent roaming issues in light of the EU's roaming regulation – life cycle management of numbering resources in the event of a vehicle being written off or reaching end of life naturally (number recycling). – the possibility of using “temporary” numbers (may be limited to the 112-based eCall service)

• CEPT/ECC published ECC Recommendation (17)04 “Numbering for eCall”,

approved on 22 November 2017, after a public consultation

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ECC Recommendation (17)04 “Numbering for eCall”

Considerations

• E.164 and E.212 numbering resources for eCall may include

– National numbering resources, i.e.

• "home" country numbering resources (domestic use) or
• numbering resources from a third country (extra-territorial use or

roaming); – Global numbering resources (assigned by ITU TSB, e.g. e.164: +882 and +883; E.212: 90x)

• the OEMs may have signed an agreement with only one operator to

provide the service Europe wide rather than having agreements on a country-by-country basis

• the use of over-the-air provisioning technology will facilitate the removal
• f barriers to operator switching in the future

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ECC Recommendation (17)04 “Numbering for eCall”

• ECC recommend that CEPT administrations should

1. liaise with national stakeholders to facilitate the smooth introduction

• f eCall;

2. in cooperation with mobile network operators and OEMs, encourage the use

• f
• ver-the-air

provisioning technology for eCall implementation; 3. make available national numbering resources for eCall; 4. permit the extra-territorial use of their respective assigned national numbering resources for eCall;

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ECC Recommendation (17)04 “Numbering for eCall”

• ECC recommend that CEPT administrations should

5. permit the use of global numbering resources (assigned by ITU TSB)

• r national numbering resources from another country (extra-

territorial use or roaming) within the national territory for addressing eCall devices and encourage operators to provision these numbering resources in their networks to facilitate call-back from the PSAP to the vehicle Europe-wide; 6. where E.164 numbering resources for global services (assigned by ITU TSB) or national numbering resources from another country are used, assignees should be aware that they are responsible for ensuring that the numbers are diallable Europe-wide; 7. where there is a risk of exhaustion in national mobile numbering ranges, consider the use of existing E.164 national M2M numbering ranges or introduce a new eCall numbering range; 8. ensure that numbering resources used for eCall services are recovered and recycled after a vehicle reaches end-of-life.

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ITU Operational Bulletin

• ITU Operational bulletin of 1 September 2018 reports a note on Global

numbers used for the European eCall service

• This Operational bulletin states that it is crucial that the eCall ranges be:

– opened in all networks and – that the CLI (Calling Line Identification) for these calls is passed between operators in a correct and diallable format

• Given the criticality of the service, we want to alert the assignees and all

stakeholders on the need for these numbers to be opened and routed on public networks and in particular those in Europe.

• The ITU has been notified of the following ranges as being used for eCall:

+883 130, +882 39 and +882 37. Other operators using global resources for eCall may also inform the ITU to request similar publications.

• The

ECC recommendation (17)04 “Numbering for eCall” (https://www.ecodocdb.dk/document/1019) also provides more information on numbering options for eCall.

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Global numbers and extra-territorial use of numbering resources

• ECC published

– ECC Report 194 (2013) “Extra-Territorial Use of E.164 Numbers” – ECC/REC/(16)02 “Extra-Territorial Use of E.164 Numbers - High level principles of assignment and use” – ECC Report 212 (2014) “Evolution in the Use of E 212 Mobile Network Codes” – ECC/REC/(17)02 “Harmonised European Management and Assignment Principles for Geographic E.212 Mobile Network Codes (MNCs)”

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ECC Recommendation (17)02

Harmonised European Management and Assignment Principles for Geographic E.212 Mobile Network Codes (MNCs)

Recommends that CEPT administrations take account of the following high level principles:

• 1. geographic MNCs are to be managed and assigned to permit the most

effective and efficient use of a finite resource in order to defer, as long as is practicable, the need to request an additional MCC from the ITU-T TSB.

• 2. …
• 3. for services to be provided in more than one country, excluding mobile

roaming services, an applicant for a geographic MNC should, as an alternative, be encouraged to consider applying to the ITU-T TSB for the assignment of an MNC under a shared MCC in the 90x series to avoid the need for multiple assignments of MNCs under different geographic MCCs.

• 4. …
• 5. the shared use of MNCs should be considered as a viable option in

particular in the case of entities not providing publicly available electronic communication services

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ECC Recommendation (17)02

Harmonised European Management and Assignment Principles for Geographic E.212 Mobile Network Codes (MNCs)

• Annex 1: Examples of potential applicants for MNCs (informative)
• … The following non-exhaustive list provides examples of entities that may

have an interest in a geographic MNC assignment: – Mobile Network Operators (MNO); – Full or light Mobile Virtual Network Operators/Enablers/Aggregators (MVNO/MVNE/MVNA); – Entities with identification or authentication requirements in public networks, comprising providers of services with a public interest and providers of M2M/IoT services (e.g. GSM-R, eCall, smart metering, connected cars); – Public electronic communication service providers with interoperability requirements; – Entities for testing purposes.

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E.212 (IMSI) numbering resources

• CEPT (prepared by PT FNI) submitted a contribution to ITU-T SG2

containing the following main concepts 1. Responsibility of NRAs in specifying assignment/management rules 2. Guidelines for NRA are suggested

• Flexibility in assigning MNC including not “operators”
• To cope with possible scarcity of MNCs

3. Global MNC for international services

• E.212 has been reviewed by ITU-T SG2 (09/2016)

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ECC/REC/(16)02 recommends

Extra-Territorial Use of E.164 Numbers

• High level principles of assignment and use

Recommends 1. that CEPT Administrations should, as a general principle, only assign and

• nly permit the use of E.164 numbers belonging to their national

numbering plans for the provision of services inside their own territory. 2. that where an exception to the general principle above is being considered, CEPT administrations should ensure that the following specific principles are met regarding the extra-territorial use of E.164 numbers: a. there should be a clear and evident net benefit to the citizens, customers (including business customers) and service providers of the country providing the numbers for extra-territorial use, as assessed by the administration of this country; and b. there should be no net negative effect to the citizens, customers (including business customers) and service providers in the country where the numbers will be used, as assessed by the administration

• f this country, either as parties using the numbers or as parties

calling the numbers.

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ECC/REC/(16)02 recommends

Extra-Territorial Use of E.164 Numbers

• High level principles of assignment and use

Recommends 3. that information regarding in which countries and for what type of services the numbers are used/intended to be used should be provided by the assignee/applicant. 4. that in cases where problems arise the involved CEPT administrations should cooperate in order to ensure that the principles identified in this Recommendation are respected.

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Extra-Territorial Use of E.164 Numbers

• An issue considered by PT FNI is how to increase transparency
• Draft European Electronic Communication Code (EECC) foresees that:

– Member States should allow extra-territorials use

• f

number resources – Member States should communicate to BEREC relative information

• Some European Countries already foresee the possibility of extra-

territorial use

• First issues on the implementation are arising (ITU: reachability, CLI and

prices)

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Deliberation n. 639/16/CONS

• AGCOM deliberation n. 639/16/CONS modifies Italian Numbering Plan in

relation to Machine to Machine (M2M) services. It introduces the possibility of extra-territorial use of E.164 and E.212 numbering resources and of global numbers

• If the M2M is provided in a car, it is possible also use such numbering

resources to provide Internet in the car service

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Evolution in assigning E.164 and E.212 numbering resources

• Assignment to undertakings other than operators.
• Under which conditions?
• Is it appropriate to revise the assignment criteria?
• What are the pro and cons?
• How to guarantee an efficient use of resources?
• How to avoid possible exhaustion of resources?
• Draft EECC explicitly foresees that some of these aspects should be

analysed

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SIM evolution

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1989 SIM 2FF 25 x 15 mm 2003 Micro SIM 3FF 15 x 1,2 mm 2012 Micro SIM 4FF 12.3 x 8.8 mm 2010 UICC MFF2 5 x 6 mm eSIM/eUICC: SIM that can be update over the air The form factor of eSIM/eUICC can be any of the existing ones

eSIM

• GSMA defined technical specification for

– Machine-to-Machine (M2M/IoT) and – Person-to-Person (P2P)

• GSMA main technical specifications

– SGP.01 - Embedded SIM Remote Provisioning Architecture - version 1.1

• f 30 January 2014

– SGP.02 - Remote Provisioning Architecture for Embedded UICC Technical Specification - version 3.1 of 27 May 2016 – SGP.21 - RSP Architecture - version 2.1 of 27 February 2017 – SGP.22 - RSP Technical Specification - version 2.1 of 27 February 2017

• Draft EECC foresees that the use of eSIM should be promoted by MS

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GSMA technical specifications – M2M

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SGP.01 - Embedded SIM Remote Provisioning Architecture SGP.02 - Remote Provisioning Architecture for Embedded UICC Technical Specification

eUICC - Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card

Draft ECC Report 274 conclusions

Regulatory Analysis of Over-The-Air Provisioning of SIM profiles including its impact on Number Portability 1. The eligibility criteria defined in ITU Recommendation E.118 should be reviewed.; 2. Considering that new functions are introduced into the ecosystem with the introduction of remote provisioning, the subscription manager function needs to be performed by an entity that treats all market players equally in order to avoid operator lock-in; 3. CEPT Administrations should review their NP processes to include new scenarios identified in this report and to verify the possible necessity of data exchange between donor and recipient operators, like the fact the eUICC has to be updated remotely; 4. In reviewing the NP process, it should be noted that the procedure for changing service provider could be similar whether the E.164 number is being changed or retained;

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Draft ECC Report 274 conclusions

Regulatory Analysis of Over-The-Air Provisioning of SIM profiles including its impact on Number Portability 5. Furthermore, existing processes need to be reviewed, and potentially new processes introduced, in order to ensure that: a. The update of NP databases and the remote update of the eUICC, in the case that NP data is also needed for the service, is synchronised. The use of any characteristic or feature (e.g. SIM-locking) that may limit synchronisation should be carefully evaluated and possibly avoided; b. Current methods of ensuring that end-users (and M2M-users) are not switched to another provider against their will should be re- evaluated with the introduction of remote provisioning also taking into account M2M services; c. Methods of communications with end-users during the switching process need to be reviewed as, for example with M2M, an SMS to a device can no longer be considered as a communications with the M2M-user.

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ITU activity on eSIM

• Recommendation E.118 has been opened for reviewing

– E.118 numbering resources are used for the serial number of SIM (mobile operators) – Technical specification of GSMA uses E.118 numbering resources for

• Identifying the eUICC (eUICC manufacturers)
• Identifying the various profiles that can be loaded on a single

eUICC (mobile operators) – Last ITU/SG2 meeting prepared a draft for reviewing recommendation E.118, investigating on the following issues

• Allow also subjects other than operators to be assignees of E.118

numbering resources (e.g. eUICC manufacturers) – criteria to be defined

• Possibility to use Global numbers (assigned by ITU TSB)

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AGCOM activities on eSIM

• Contributions to ITU – SG2 and CEPT
• An activities with all the stakeholders started on September of 2017 in

Italy

• Public consultation: deliberation n. 161/17/CIR

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Numbering issues in connected cars

Thank you for your attention Francesco Bernabei

Questions?

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