Notes Slide 2 introduces the research evidence that if left to their - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Notes Slide 2 introduces the research evidence that if left to their own ‘preferred’ methods of revision students under perform, mo st chose to re- read (highlights note) as illustrated by the red bar on the graph on the left, actual results show that this group performed worse as shown by the red bar on the graph on the right Slide 3 is intended to show that memory works the same for all of us therefore effective revision practice that takes account of this will work for all. Slide 4 introduces the 4 techniques for effective revision practices Slides 5-15 model a revision approach that incorporates the 4 key components for effective revision illustrated on Slide 4 Slide 5 step 1 - Fill it -The example topic is photosynthesis - without looking at revision notes, write down as many keywords that you can remember, try and sort them into categories Slide 6 step 2 – look at your revision notes Slide 7 step 3 - revisit step one (slide 5) adding in a different colour any keywords that you couldn’t remember in Step 1 Slide 8 Step 4 – Link it - using only the keywords you couldn’t remember from step 1 (those you have highlighted in a different colour at step 3) fill in the boxes, find links between the keywords, join the boxes with an explanation of how they are connected. Slide 9 – this is an example of Step 4 completed Slide 10 Step 4 Rank it – using the key concepts from step 4 (link it) rank them with the most important at the top of the pyramid next to each section of the pyramid explain the rationale for placing each of the keywords. Slide 11 – an example of ranking completed, light is at the top because without it Photosynthesis stops altogether other factors are limiting factors ,photosynthesis still happens but to a less extent. Slide 12 – Step 5 – Draw it – encode the keywords into 6 images with labels –it’s important to have both Slide 13 – shows step 5 completed, note how the dual coding works with diagrams, equations or icons each with explanatory labels Slide 14 – Step 6 – Test it- Come up with 6 challenging questions that test your understanding of the topic. These should be elaborative questions, how, why, explain, evaluate rather than list, describe or identify. Slide 15 – Examples of Test it type questions Slide 16-17 – a summary of handy revsion tips for students

The Evid idence: : Researchers found that what the student felt lt was th the most Research shows that those students who were not given guidance help lpful turned out to be th the le leas ast effective! on how to revise effectively and instead choose the method they preferred performed the WORST in the actual exam

Here’s the science – making learning stick • Memory requires : encoding , consolidation, storage & retrieval • When neurons are connected by synapses they create a pattern of activity called an engram , these are memories • To retrieve memories we need to create a highly similar pattern to one when learning took place. • Sleep plays an important part in consolidating engrams, these are also more secure when associated with other engrams. • Once consolidation has occurred short term memory becomes long term , this occurs following reactivation upon retrieval

What works? Turning • Spaced practice: study schedule Science into practice. spreads activities out over time • Interleaving: switching between topics while studying – but noting connections between them • Elaboration – asking & explaining why and how things work • Dual coding – combining words with visuals • Retrieval practice- bringing learned information to mind from long-term memory

Putting theory into practice • Follow the revision process for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Word Equation Symbol Equation carbon dioxide + water oxygen + glucose 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 0 6 + 6O 2 Section 1- Process of Photosynthesis Key Word Definition A chemical, endothermic, reaction which takes place in plants 1 Photosynthesis and algae, which produces a source of food. 2 Chloroplasts An organelle inside the cell- where photosynthesis takes place. Section 3- Rate of Photosynthesis 3 Chlorophyll The green substance inside chloroplasts which absorbs light. Limiting Factor How does it affect the rate? A water-soluble sugar, which contains six carbons, used in For most plants, the brighter the light, the faster the rate of 4 Glucose 12 Light respiration and can be made by photosynthesis. photosynthesis. If there is little/no light, photosynthesis will stop, Photosynthesis requires an input of energy from the As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. However 5 Endothermic Reaction environment. 13 Temperature if the temperature is too high (40-50 ◦ C) then the enzymes controlling photosynthesis denature, slowing the rate. 10 Leaf Structure Section 2- Leaf Adaptations The atmosphere is only 0.04% carbon dioxide, so it often limits the rate of photosynthesis. On a sunny day, carbon dioxide is the most common 14 Carbon dioxide concentration limiting factor. Increasing the CO 2 concentration, increases Structure Adaptation for Photosynthesis photosynthesis. Less chlorophyll results in less photosynthesis. Minerals e.g. magnesium 15 Chlorophyll levels are used to make chlorophyll, so can affect the rate of photosynthesis. The leaf itself is broad and thin, 6 Leaf surface to give a large surface area for light to fall on and short diffusion Section 4- Plant Materials & Glucose distances for gases. Material Use in Plant Test? Carry water from xylem in the 7 Veins 16 plant, to the cells of the leaves A storage molecule made of 11 Xylem & Phloem Cellulose and remove products of glucose, strengthens cell walls. photosynthesis in the phloem. Iodine- boil leaves 17 Starch An insoluble molecule used for in ethanol, look for Allow carbon dioxide to get into energy storage in plants. blue-black colour. 8 Air Spaces the cells and oxygen to leave the Plants combine nitrates with Biuret Test for cells, by diffusion. 18 Nitrates glucose & other minerals to Proteins- purple make amino acids. colour change. 20 RP- Light Intensity & Rate of These cells open and close the Glucose is used to build up fats Photosynthesis. The number of 9 Guard Cells stomata (holes in the leaf), to 19 Lipids & oils, which are used as an bubbles is measured by a syringe or regulate gas exchange. energy store, often in see ds. upturned test tube.

Chunk information into different categories Highlight the information you didn’t recall, added from your Knowledge Organiser

Choose some keywords that you didn’t recall form the Fill It task Explain the link along the adjoining lines

Decide on a criteria for ranking the key factors, Light e.g impact on the rate of Photosynthesis, make sure you explain CO2 these reasons for where you have placed it

Make sure you explain the point being illustrated below each drawing (Dual Coding). You can also combine diagrams & labels

Make sure your questions force you to ‘ elaborate ’ or improve your understanding. Do this by using Why, How or Explain as the starter to your

Top tips – students Planning • Start planning early – its takes time to form habits • Revise information , but not immediately after you have learnt it • You will be studying right up to your last exam – but by using spacing you can manage you time better (maintaining healthy work life balance) and learn more • Forgetting some information is a necessary part of improving your memory, don’t be disheartened, it will be tough to stick to and you wont full experience the results of it until you sit the exam, you are in it for the long haul • Create spaces between topics (a few days) & do a little bit at a time, so it adds up • DON’T be fooled into thinking that Cramming works, information will be forgotten very quickly, will not be retained between exam papers, transferable skills are lost, sleep is lost & anxiety increases. It’s not possible to cover all the information for a GCSE course in a day (it takes 240hrs to deliver a GCSE course), or its done on a very superficial level (surface as oppose to deep learning) • Sleep is extremely important for learning & your general health. Attention, problem solving and decision making are all impaired by poor sleep patterns. Effects have been shown by losing as little as 1-2 hours a week or having less than 8hrs of sleep a night.