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Nicholas Berente University of Georgia Susan Winter National Science Foundation University of Maryland - Jan 15, 2013 Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not

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Nicholas Berente

University of Georgia

Susan Winter

National Science Foundation University of Maryland - Jan 15, 2013

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.

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 Agricultural Revolution

Plow, Land Ownership, Currency
Small Family Farms and Businesses
Independence and Decoupling

 Components do not communicate, mutually adjust, and act in concert

 Advantages?  Disadvantages?

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 Industrial Revolution

Steam Engine, Capital, Transportation, Mobile Labor
Central Factory
Tightly Coupled > Fully Integrated

 Express a high degree of responsiveness among their subsystem components (Orton & Weick 1990)  Components communicate, mutually adjust, and act in concert

 Advantages?  Disadvantages?

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 Digital Revolution/Information Age

Enablers

 Information and Communication Technologies  Globalization of Operations,  Shared Resources (Databases, Equipment/Sensors)

(Winter & Taylor 1996; Child & McGrath 2000)

Flexible, Distributed Organizations
Multiteam Systems
Loosely Coupled

 Components partially responsive to each other

 Advantages?  Disadvantages?

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Loose cou Loose couplin pling: Patterns of Action that are Distinct, or Separate, Yet Still Responsive to Each Other (Orton & Weick 1990) Buffering

Environment (Pfeffer & Salancik 1978)
Decisions (March 1978)
Subsystems (Perrow 1984)
Inspection (Meyer & Rowan 1977)

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 Drivers

Unpredictability
Ambiguity
Novelty
Complexity

 Distributed Competencies

 Challenges

Fragmentation
Inefficiency

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 Solutions

Coordination/Integration

 Leadership  Standardized Processes  Information Systems  Product Architecture Marks et al. 2005; DeChurch & Marks 2006; Hoegl et al.2004; Argyres 1999; Boland et al. 2007; Baldwin & Clark 2000; Browning 1998; DeChurch & Zaccaro 2010

 = Tight Coupling!  Why Would You Want Loose Coupling?

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Source: Orton & Weick 1990

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Source: Berente & Yoo 2012

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 Lifecycle Stage

Forming
Functioning

 Degree of Novelty

Novel
Familiar

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 Striking a Balance

Team Independence

 Flexibility  Buffering  Innovation

Cross-team Integration

 Efficiency

 Data to Test This?

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