New Mexico Public Education: Funding, Sufficiency, and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

New Mexico Public Education:

Funding, Sufficiency, and Evidence-Based Interventions

Charles Sallee, Deputy Director for Program Evaluation January 17, 2019

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Presentation Overview

• Summary of How New Mexico

Public Schools are Funded

• Description of the New Mexico

Education Sufficiency Lawsuit

• Review of Evidence-Based

Programs

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New Mexico’s Fiscal Stability:

Recurring General Fund Year-Over-Year Revenue and Appropriations Growth

Source: LFC Files

• 15%
• 10%
• 5%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 est. FY20 est. Appropriations Growth Revenue Growth

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Source: LFC (2019) LFC Recommendation for FY20. Vol. I. p.1

Medicaid, $989.8 , 14% Public Safety, $443.5 , 6% Public Schools, $3,217.8 , 46% Higher Education, $824.5 , 12% Other, $1,527.5 , 22%

New Mexico General Fund Appropriations Recommendation for FY20: $7 Billion Total (in Millions)

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State Funding for Public Schools, FY20 Recommendation

Operational (“Above-the-Line”) Funding:

• Allocated by a funding formula called the State Equalization Guarantee (SEG) formula.
• School districts and charter schools have discretion over how to spend operational funds.

Categorical (“Middle-of-the-Line”) Funding:

• Allocated by formulae for specific programs, e.g. transportation or instructional materials.
• School districts and charter schools must use categorical funds for categorical programs.

PED Initiative (“Below-the-Line”) Funding:

• Allocated by the Public Education Department (PED) for initiatives and pilot projects.
• School districts and charter schools generally apply for competitive grants from the PED.

$3.0 Billion $96.7 Million $58.1 Million

Source: LFC (2019) LFC Recommendation for FY20. Vol. II. p.351-52

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• The formula uses 28 distinct components

to generate formula units and allocate billions in operational funds to public schools.

• Formula units are the product of the

number of students enrolled in a given program multiplied by the cost differential assigned to a program in statute.

SEG Funding Formula Components

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Basic Program Enrollment Components, $1,615.8, 63% Special Education Components, $447.3, 18% Teacher Training & Experience Index, $167.4, 7% Size Adjustment Components, $114.0, 4% At-Risk Index, $100.3, 4% Other Components, $109.2, 4%

Source: LFC analysis of PED data.

Formula Components Program Cost Funding Percent of Total

Basic Program Enrollment Components $1,615.8 63% Special Education Components $447.3 18% Teacher Training & Experience Index $167.4 7% Size Adjustment Components $114.0 4% At-Risk Index $100.3 4% Other Components $109.2 4%

Total $2,554.0 100%

Source: LFC files.

Final FY18 Public School Operational Funding Allocated by SEG Formula Components (in Millions)

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Historical New Mexico Public School Operational SEG Funding

$0.0 $0.5 $1.0 $1.5 $2.0 $2.5 $3.0 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 Program Cost ARRA Funds

Source: LFC Files. Note: ARRA refers to the federal American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

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Distribution of Increased Funding in the SEG Formula

304,413 24,627 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 School Districts Charter Schools

FY18 School District and Charter School Student Enrollment

Source: LFC analysis of PED data. Note: Enrollment measured as student membership (MEM)

$107.2 $122.3 $0 $40 $80 $120 $160 School Districts Charter Schools

Formula Funding Change from FY08 to FY18

(in Millions)

Source: LFC analysis of PED data. Note: Formula funding measured as program cost.

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Percent Increases in Public School Operational Spending:

$370 Million (16 Percent) Total Increase from FY07 to FY17

34% 17% 16% 16% 4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

General and Central Administration (+$38M) Instruction (+$231M) All Other Categories (+$50M) Instruction and Student Support (+$45M) School Administration (+$6M)

Source: LFC analysis of PED data

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Federal Funding in New Mexico Public Schools

Source: LFC analysis of PED data $118 $111 $99 $99 $103 $122 $83 $85 $80 $88 $69 $90 $88 $90 $75 $98 $94 $85 $119 $116 $123 $126 $134 $135 $106 $136 $105 $119 $116 $125

$0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 Largest New Mexico Federal Education Programs (in millions) Other IDEA Impact Aid Food Services ESSA Title I

$557 $516 $530 $482 $538 $514

New Mexico Public Education: Academic Performance is Well Below Targets.

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Source: LFC FY18 Fourth Quarter PED Report Card p.2

New Mexico Education Sufficiency Lawsuit: Yazzie and Martinez v. State of New Mexico

• The plaintiffs alleged that New Mexico is not

meeting its constitutional obligation to provide sufficient funding and programming for at-risk public school students.

• In July and December, the District Court ruled that:

1) Outputs are “dismal” and therefore… 2) Inputs (funding/programming) must be insufficient; and 3) Oversight over public education should be enhanced.

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National Student Average Test Scores,

Grades 3-8, 2009-2013 (Green = Positive, Purple = Negative)

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Source: Stanford Education Data Archive.

National Student Average Test Score Growth,

Grades 3-8, 2009-2013 (Green = Positive, Purple = Negative)

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Source: Stanford Education Data Archive.

Findings from NM Longitudinal Data:

Students Generally Gain a Year’s Worth of Learning Each Year

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SY08 3rd Grade SY09 4th Grade SY10 5th Grade SY11 6th Grade SY12 7th Grade SY13 8th Grade Grade Level Proficiency

Grade Level Proficiency in State Reading Exam from Third through Eighth Grade, SY08-SY13 (N = 20,210 Students)

Grade Level Proficiency Statewide Average

Source: LFC (2017) Longitudinal Student Performance Analysis, p.8 Note: Average state reading scores for each year were divided by 40 (the proficiency threshold score) and then multiplied by the grade level number. A score of 40 in third grade would be a value of three in this chart.

New Mexico Achievement Gaps: Low Income Students Start Off Academically Behind

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30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 SY08 3rd Grade SY09 4th Grade SY10 5th Grade SY11 6th Grade SY12 7th Grade SY13 8th Grade standards-based assessment score

Average Reading SBA Scores from Third through Eighth Grade, SY08-SY13 (N = 20,210 Students)

Non-Low-Income Grade Level Proficiency Low-Income

Source: LFC (2017) Longitudinal Student Performance Analysis. p.8

What Works in Public Education:

Eight Characteristics of High-Performing Schools.

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Source: LFC (2014) Performance and Improvement Trends: A Case Study of Elementary Schools in New Mexico. p.12

What Works in Public Education:

Targeting Resources to Evidence-Based Practices.

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• New Mexico should systemically prioritize implementing programs and education

interventions proven through rigorous research to improve student outcomes and that are cost beneficial.

• Targeting increased spending on certain populations of students with evidence-based

interventions yields better and more cost-beneficial results than simply increasing funding.

• Results First report focuses on evidence-base for the following school interventions:
• Teacher Quality – Page 14.
• Extended Learning Time – Page 17.
• Non-Academic Supports – Page 19.
• Teaching and Instructional Practices – Page 21.
• College and Career Readiness – Page 23.
• Class Size – Page 25.
• Charter Schools – Page 28.

What Works in Public Education:

Targeting Resources to Evidence-Based Practices.

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Source: LFC (2019) Results First: Education Initiatives. p.1, 17, 25, and 31.

While there is no silver bullet for improving outcomes, analysis can help identify evidence-based practices to improve student and teacher success.

• Class size reduction can have modest positive effects
• n student outcomes in early grades, but is less cost-

beneficial in later grades.

• Teacher professional development on data-driven

instruction has greater cost-benefit impact than other types of professional development.

• Creating more time for student learning and

enrichment can improve outcomes, but additional time must be high quality.

What Works in Public Education:

Summary of Teacher Quality Interventions.

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Source: LFC (2019) Results First: Education Initiatives. p.15

Low-income schools tend to have lower student proficiency, but many low-income schools can have high proficiency

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Source: LFC analysis of PED data.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percent of Students Proficient in PARCC Reading Percent Low-Income Students (Free/Reduced Lunch Eligible)

Relationship between Elementary Schools' PARCC 3rd Grade Reading Proficiency and Percent of Students with Low Income, SY17 (N = 399 New Mexico Elementary Schools)

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Source: LFC (2017) Longitudinal Student Performance Analysis. p.14

Longitudinal Data:

Student Mobility affects Student Academic Achievement

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Reading Math Reading Math Reading Math Third Graders Sixth Graders Tenth Graders

Percent of Students Proficient on SY16 PARCC by Number of School Changes, SY13-SY16

No Moves One Move Two Moves Three Moves Four Moves

Prekindergarten (PreK)

• PreK is an early education

program for three and four-year-

• lds implemented by PED and

CYFD.

• In FY19, LFC staff estimate

CYFD and PED will provide over 11 thousand children with PreK services.

24 $14.5 $19.2 $26.6 $39.6 $51.1 $52.3 $53.5 $64.0

$0.0 $10.0 $20.0 $30.0 $40.0 $50.0 $60.0 $70.0 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19

Total New Mexico Appropriations for PreK (in Millions)

Source: LFC May 2018 Post-Session Review. p.57

New Mexico 4-Year-Old Service Capacity: Care and Education

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5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 FY19 OpBud FY20 LFC Rec 2021 2022 2023 Prekindergarten Head Start* Childcare Title I & PED DD Misc Total Population 80% of Population FRL Population Total Pop. 80% Pop. FRL Pop.

Source: LFC Files, DOH Notes: Represents funded slots not accounting for children enrolled in multiple services or seasonality *Includes American Indian Head Start Programs (slots)=685 +Estimated from free/reduced lunch participation rates in New Mexico public schools (185 percent of federal poverty level) Misc=City of Albuquerque and City of Santa Fe funded slots

Prekindergarten Performance

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Source: LFC 2017 Early Childhood Accountability Report. p.7 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Reading Math Percent Proficient Student Third Grade Reading Proficiency by PreK Enrollment and Free and Reduced Lunch (FRL) Status, FY16

No PreK, FRL PreK, FRL No PreK, Not FRL PreK, Not FRL

Prekindergarten Participation and 5th Grade PARCC Reading Proficiency in FY16

PreK and K-3 Plus can help close the Achievement Gap

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Source: LFC 2017 Early Childhood Accountability Report. p.9

Head Start and Early Head Start

• Head Start and Early Head Start

are federal programs that promote the school readiness of children under five from low-income families.

• The programs serve around 7.5

thousand children each year in the state.

• Head Start and Early Head Start

are completely federally funded. According to CYFD, funding for these programs is expected to slightly increase in FY19.

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Source: LFC Early Childhood Accountability Reports

$65.5 $65.8 $67.0 $68.8

$0.0 $10.0 $20.0 $30.0 $40.0 $50.0 $60.0 $70.0 $80.0 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18

Total New Mexico Head Start/Early Head Start Funding

(in Millions)

Conclusion

• The state’s response to the education

sufficiency lawsuit will likely lead to significant changes for New Mexico public education.

• New Mexico needs to strategically

target funding to what works and monitor education spending.

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For More Information

• http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/lfc/lfcdefault.aspx
• Session Publications – Budgets
• Performance Report Cards
• Program Evaluations

Charles Sallee, Deputy Director Charles.Sallee@nmlegis.gov 325 Don Gaspar – Suite 101 Santa Fe, NM 87501 505-986-4550