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7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management NEW GENERATION OF BIOBASED & FULL Y Crete Island, Greece, 2629 June 2019 DEGRADABLE COMPOSITE FOOD PACKAGINGS Materials optimization for upscaled productive solutions J.

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NEW GENERATION OF BIOBASED & FULL Y DEGRADABLE COMPOSITE FOOD PACKAGINGS

  • J. Bossu1, M. Reis2, H. Angellier-Coussy1, N. Le Moigne3, V.

Guillard1

1UMR IATE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France 2Department of Chemistry, University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal 3C2MA, IMT Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, Alès, 30319, France

Materials optimization for upscaled productive solutions

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

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7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

THE CONTEXT

 New biomaterials against plastic pollution

  • EUROPE

Directive EU 2015/720 to limit the consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags FRANCE 2016  forbidden at cashiers 2017 forbidden for the packing of goods & food

DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIO-PLASTICS ECONOMY S

  • r

r y , w h a t ’ s a « b i

  • p

l a s t i c » a g a i n ? ! LEGISLATION:

Extend packagings lifetime Recycle plastics wastes Reduce plastics consumption Replace plastic

The case of food packagings:

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7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

THE CONTEXT

Relative strong growth

Bio- degradable

(-90%mass<6months in industrial conditions)

PHAs (Poly Hydroxy Alkanoates)

Biopolyesters Bacterial fermentation of sugars/lipids Home-Compostable (NF EN 13432:

  • 90%mass<3months in compost)

PH3B

(Poly Hydroxy-3-Butyrate)

 Alternatives to fossil-based non- biodegradable plastics :

Bio- based PE, PET , PA, PTT PLA, PHA, PBS, Starch PBAT, PCL Conventio nal plastics PE, PP, PET Fossil- based Bio- based Non Bio- degradable

  • STILL: Bio-plastics = 1% of the current volume of

plastics ofgered annually

W H Y ? !

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7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

THE CONTEXT

  • « The added value of opportunities of

bioplastics is often not valorized when the

  • nly aim is to replace fossil-based plastics »

New overview:

Compostable plastics ofger new

  • pportunities such as functionalities or

facilitation of wastes management Reduce production costs Enhance properties

KEYS FOR COMPETITIVITY :

Bring new functionaliti es Adapt to circular bioeconomy

2019 UE Commission Report

 The European Point of view  Major Bottlenecks

R E A L L Y ? ? !

?

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Proje ct “ Investigating food packaging with no environmental footprint and the ability to extend the shelf life of food products ”

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

THE PROJECT

  • I.

Operational strategy

  • II. Efgorts in material
  • ptimization
  • III. Constraints on

Consortiu m: T

  • d

a y ’ s T

  • p

i c s ? Main objective:

Develop upscaled industrial solutions to produce home-compostable, intelligent and functional food packagings from agriculture wastes.

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OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

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7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

Reduce production costs

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Accumulation Reactor Sequential Batch Reactor Acidogenic fermenter

67 kg Fruit pulp 8,5 kg-COD pulp 3 , k g

  • C

O D V F A 3,4 kg-COD VFA 1,0 kg Biomass

1 kg PHA = 1,7 kg COD YPHA/FW = 20 % (COD basis)

Apple fruit pulp waste 7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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PHBVs

(Poly Hydroxy Butyrate

  • co-Valerate)

PHB

+Hydroxy Valerate Units

Reduce production costs Enhance properties

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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Reduce production costs Enhance properties

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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Reduce production costs Enhance properties

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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Reduce production costs Enhance properties

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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Reduce production costs Enhance properties Adapt to circular bioeconomy 4

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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+functionalization

Reduce production costs Enhance properties Bring new functionaliti es Adapt to circular bioeconomy

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

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EFFORTS IN MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

II .

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

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SLIDE 16

?

Quality of the co- polymerization Visco-elastic properties Crystallization

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

EFFORTS IN MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

I. II .

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PHBV18% IBET After purifjcati

  • n +

Additives Before purifjcatio n

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

EFFORTS IN MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

I. II .

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150° - 10min 150° - 2 min 145° - 2min 140° - 10min 135° - 3min 140° - 3min

PHBV 18% IBET

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

EFFORTS IN MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

I. II .

+ Temperatu re

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7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

EFFORTS IN MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

I. II .

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EFFORTS IN MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

II .

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

I.

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

CONSTRAINTS ON UPSCALING

III .

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Goal: to optimize large-scale process effjciency for PHA production and recovery Feedstock: fruit industry waste Process: 3 stages

Acidogeni c fermentat ion Selection Productio n 60L-UASB reactor 100L-SBR 60L-Fed Batch Reactor

Large scale production of raw components: PHA synthesis

CONSTRAINTS ON UPSCALING

  • I. II

. III .

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

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CONSTRAINTS ON UPSCALING

  • I. II

. III .

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

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  • Constraints of mixed culture and

feedstocks

  • Purifjcation, the costly bottleneck
  • Pilot plant productivity

CONSTRAINTS ON UPSCALING

  • I. II

. III .

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

U n d e r s t u d y

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Goal: to defjne technical parameters for optimized processability Material: compounded pellets Process: injection OR thermoforming Upscaling of industrial forming processes

Compounded pellets Injection Thermoformin g

CONSTRAINTS ON UPSCALING

  • I. II

. III .

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

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CONSTRAINTS ON UPSCALING

  • I. II

. III .

7th Sustainable Solid Waste Management - Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

  • Maximal acceptable load
  • Viscosity VS thermal degradation
  • Sealability

U n d e r s t u d y

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7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

CONCLUSION AND OVERVIEWS

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  • J. Bossu1, M. Reis2, H. Angellier-Coussy1, N. Le Moigne3, V.

Guillard1

1UMR IATE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France 2Department of Chemistry, University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal 3C2MA, IMT Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, Alès, 30319, France

7th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Crete Island, Greece, 26–29 June 2019

Thanks for your attention

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data

  • Degradability: PHBV degrades into carbon dioxide and water.

50% mass loss after 200days

  • Production: yield around 20% (cod base)
  • Crystallinity: 55% HV decrease crystallinity improve

biodegradability

  • Visco properties: around 4% Elongation, 25MPa,

PHI003 3% 30MPa

  • Bacterial source: It can be produced from glucose and

propionate by the recombinant Escherichia coli strains (also Paracoccus denitrifjcans and Ralstonia eutropha are also capable

  • f producing it).
  • Thermal degradation: PHBV has a low thermal stability and the

cleavage occurs at the ester bond by β elimination reaction

  • Aging: evolution of properties with time