new avenues for Neurosciences research and therapy Overview - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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new avenues for Neurosciences research and therapy Overview - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 15, 2024 425 likes •884 views

Virtual reality: Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical new avenues for Neurosciences research and therapy Overview Objective (greater impact) Current model (bi-directional limitations) New model (VR = promising)

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Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences

Virtual reality: new avenues for research and therapy

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  • Objective (greater impact)
  • Current model (bi-directional limitations)
  • New model (VR = promising)
  • Success
  • Examples
  • Risks
  • Payoffs

Overview

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Basic Classification Diagnosis Treatment Outcomes

OBJECTIVE - impact

17 Years !!

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Clinical Neuropsychology Clinical Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neuroscience

OBJECTIVE – take advantage

self-control

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OBJECTIVE – self-control

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Self-Control is more important than intelligence and social class !!

OBJECTIVE – self-control

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OBJECTIVE – self-control

 compelled to act (video 1)  in the zone / excitement (video 2)  intense cravings / pre-occupations  withdrawal /negative affect  cue-reactivity

Self-control

  • dynamic
  • individual
  • context
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CURRENT MODEL – clinical (NPsych)

Synder et al., 2015, Frontiers in Psychology

Self-control

  • dynamic
  • individual
  • context

external validity internal validity

1929 !!

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Blakemore et al., 2012, Nature Neuroscience

CURRENT MODEL – neuroscience

how people use different types of information (probability, reward, punishment) to guide decision-making (no learning component).

Value-Based Choice

Self-control

  • dynamic
  • individual
  • context
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CURRENT MODEL – neuroscience

Incentive Motivation

how much effort an individual is prepared to exert to gain reward. typically involve learning which abstract stimuli predict winning or losing points or money.

Reinforcement Learning

Kim et al (2006)

1500ms 2000ms

Reward Trial

3500ms

Neutral Trial Avoidance Trial

Display stimuli Display choice Display outcome

O R O R O R

Self-control

  • dynamic
  • individual
  • context
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CURRENT MODEL – neuroscience

Self-control

  • dynamic
  • individual
  • context

X – gambling X – practical (scanner / time) X – reliable X – improvised

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CURRENT MODEL

Self-control

  • dynamic
  • individual
  • context

external validity internal validity Clinical Neuropsychology Clinical Treatment Clinical Neuroscience

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CURRENT MODEL - tension

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NEW MODEL

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NEW MODEL

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SUCCESS – emotions/motivations/physiology

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BALANCE – optimism/profit mongering ! Do not over-inflate claims Rigorous neuroscience (controlled CTs)

SUCCESS – huge investment

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Personality Assessment in Ecological Settings by Means of Virtual Reality

Pietro Cipresso

Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

Giuseppe Riva

Istituto Auxologico Italiano, and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy

SUCCESS – early prototypes

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SUCCESS – MCI  Dementia

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Substances Behaviour OCD

SUCCESS

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SUCCESS – more palatable

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SUCCESS – feasible

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SUCCESS ? – efficacious

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SUCCESS ? – efficacious

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SUCCESS – urge to gamble

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VR EXPOSURE – OCD & GAMBLING

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VR CASINO

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Near Miss

Gambling outcomes

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 value-based choice  incentive motivation  reinforcement learning  physiological reactions  attentional bias

Gambling outcomes

Near Miss

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full win near miss full miss R1 R2 R3

finish start

Near Miss

? Signal (near miss > full miss) ? Signal

(near miss > full win)

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VR-Enhanced Exposure

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VR-Enhanced – Awareness/Policy

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VR-Enhanced – Awareness/Policy

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VR-Enhanced – Regulation

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Dow-Schull (2012)

Problem

(gambling disorder)

VR: new avenues for research and therapy

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$$ programming tools / coding nausea hands just don’t like it ! (client OR clinician) norms psychometrics targeted neuro-cognitive endpoints computational modelling

RISKS

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Clinical Neuropsychology Clinical Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neuroscience

RISKS

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Clinical Neuropsychology Clinical Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neuroscience

Psychometric & Psychosocial Treatment Phenomenology & Drug Treatment Fundamentals & Modelling

OUTCOMES !!

Assessment, Classification, Diagnosis, Prediction, Treatments

PAYOFFS – truly interdisciplinary

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Comprehensive Phenotyping

Motivations

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Treatment Approaches & Mechanisms

lifestyle & technology – physical & mental

Lifestyle Virtual Reality Brain Stimulation Cognitive Training

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Biological Physical Technological Mental Cognitive Immersion & Exposure to Gambling Cues Regulation of Cravings & Urges

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Biological Physical Technological Mental Cognitive Immersion & Exposure to Gambling Cues Prime plasticity via neuro- trophins/-genesis Biological Mental Cognitive Regulation of Cravings & Urges

Den Ouden et al., In Submission

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Biological Physical Technological Mental Cognitive Enhancement of Plasticity Craving / Control Immersion & Exposure to Gambling Cues Physical Mental Cognitive Regulation of Cravings & Urges

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Treatment: lifestyle & technology – physical & mental

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Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences