Neutron Neutron Source ces PART 2 PART 2 Chris istin ine - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Neutron Neutron Source ces PART 2 PART 2 Chris istin ine Darve European Spallatio ion Source ce CD Neutrons Sources ASP2012 July 31 th , 2012 Outline PART 1 Background for neutron course Neutrons properties and their

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Neutron Neutron Source ces PART 2 PART 2

Chris istin ine Darve European Spallatio ion Source ce

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

  • 2 -

PART 1

  • Background for neutron course
  • Neutrons properties and their interactions
  • Applications using Neutrons

PART 2

  • How to generate intense neutron beams
  • High power proton linear accelerator

PART 3

  • Examples of world-wide neutron sources

Outline

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron 350 mCi Ra-Be source Chadwick

1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

105 1010 1015 1020 1

ISIS

Pulsed Sources

ZINP-P ZINP-P/ KENS WNR IPNS ILL X-10 CP-2

Steady State Sources

HFBR HFIR NRU MTR NRX CP-1

1940 1950 1960 Effective thermal neutron flux n/cm2-s

(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)

Evolution of the performance of neutron sources

FRM-II SINQ SNS

High time average and peak flux ESS

J-PARC

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Examp mple of the ESS acce ccelerator

Nomin minal Upgr grade de Average beam power 5.0 MW 7.5 MW Macropulse length 2.86 ms 2.86 ms Repetition rate 14 Hz 14 Hz Proton energy 2.5 GeV 2.5 GeV Beam current 50 mA 75 mA Duty factor 4% 4% Beam loss rate < 1 W/m < 1 W/m

Functional Requirements:

  • Capacity to transfer energy from RF system to the beam,
  • Capacity to confine the protons longitudinally,
  • Capacity to steer the protons longitudinally,
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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

  • Single pass linear accelerator
  • Normal conducting
  • Electron cyclotron resonance source
  • Radio-frequency quadruple (RFQ)
  • Drift tube linac
  • Superconducting
  • Double spoke resonator
  • Elliptical cavities (medium beta and high beta)

The ESS accelerator

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Proton source ce

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Proton source ce & LEBT

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

T ank machining at Cinel (Vigonza-Italy)

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

  • SC. Spoke Resonator and

d Ellip iptica ical Cavit itie ies

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Cavity RF parameters R/Q 426 W G 130 W Qo at 4K 2.6 109 Qo at 2K 1.2 1010 Epk / Eacc 4.43 Bpk / Eacc 7.08

T uning system Power coupler

Spoke Resonator Elliptical Cavities

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Cryo yomo modu dules

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

HEBT, ma magn gnets and d power supplie ies

  • Several optical designs of the High Energy Beam Transport system have

been developed during the evolvement of the ADU project.

  • The present design fulfill the requirements including layout geometry and

the 6×16cm2 beam footprint on target with a sufficiently low maximum current density to ensure a long target lifetime.

  • The technologies to be used for building the magnets and power supplies

have been studied including aspects of handling and optimization of power consumption.

  • The issues in 2012 consist of completing the many details to go into the

TDR coherently with the other work packages, including costing

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

RF sys ystems ms

  • Main

in Challenge ges

– Large number or resonators (>200) – Large beam loading (QL < 7x105) – Large Lorentz de-tuning (>50 degrees) – Long Pulse length (3 mS ~3 Lorentz detuning time constants) – Large dynamic range in power (elliptical cavities range from 50kW – to 900kW) – Large average power (15 MW of AC power)

  • Main

in Features

– One RF power source per resonator – RF Sources

  • Pulsed cathode klystrons for

elliptical, DTL, and RFQ

  • Gridded tube for spokes (IOTs)

– Two klystrons per modulator for elliptical – 30% overhead for RF regulation

  • Adaptive low level feed-forward

algorithms and Low gain feedback

  • High bandwidth piezo tuners on

superconducting cavities

– Bundled waveguide stub layout

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Integr grated d Control Sys ystem m for ESS

  • Decis

cisio ion to have a sin ingl gle in integr grated d co control sys ystem m for ESS

– EPICS based – ITER control box concept

  • Ach

chie ieveme ments:

– Control Box prototype running at ESS – Naming Convention with tools implemented – Working Development Environment and prototype ESS CODAC – Well defined Safety / Protection system architecture – Parameter List tools developed – Interfaces with the Instrument Controls defined – BLED database for parameters

  • Issues:

Issues:

– Target Safety System and Infrastructure Controls requirements immature – Fast data acquisition for Accelerator AND Instruments? – ICS scope not resourced

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

ESS Instrume ment

SLHIPP 2 – Catania – May 3 and 4, 2012 ESS/AD/CV/Christine Darve

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Main topics addressed: modeling codes, radiation issues, longitudinal and transverse measuring techniques Main message: more diagnostic equipment than envisaged ü The primary linac diagnostic needs include be beam m posit itio ion, be beam m arriv ival time ime (or phase), be beam m bu bunch ch lengt gth, be beam m transverse profil iles, and be beam m loss.

ü Especially important for high power operation are sensit itiv ive be beam m loss me measureme ment and profil ile resolutio ion over a wide dynamic range.

ü T echniques for halo me measureme ment in a superconducting environment need to be developed.

17 17

Beam m Dia iagn gnostics ics

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

Long g Pulse and d co cold d neutrons

  • Many

y research ch react ctors in in Europe are agin ging g and d wil ill be be cl closed d be before 2020 2020 – Up to 90% of the use is with cold neutrons

  • There is

is a urge gent need d for a new high igh flux co cold neutron source ce in in Europe Europe

– The vast majority of users will profit from a pulsed structure – A large fraction of the users are fully satisfied by a long pulse source (approx 2 ms, 20 Hz) – Existing short pulse sources (ISIS, JPARC and SNS) can supply the present and imminent future need of short pulse users

“Pulsed cold neutrons will always be long pulsed as a result of the moderation process”

  • F. Mezei, NIM A, 2006

300 kj/pulse 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0,0 2,0x10 13 4,0x10 13 6,0x10 13 8,0x10 13 1,0x10 14 1,2x10 14 1,4x10 14 1,6x10 14 Instantaneous brightness [n/cm 2 /s/str/Å] Time [ µ s]

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

T arget monolith during target change T arget wheel Moderator-reflector plug Accelerator proton beam window

T arget Station W/He/H2

TRAM Optimization yielding gains

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

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Y(E,A)=0.1 [A+20] [E (GeV) -0.12)] n/p

Spallatio ion : ch choice ice of target ma materia ials

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CD – Neutrons Sources ASP2012 – July 31th, 2012

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