Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tracts Marc Norman, Ph.D., - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tracts Marc Norman, Ph.D., - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 26, 2023 177 likes •500 views

Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tracts Marc Norman, Ph.D., ABPP Amanda Gooding, Ph.D., ABPP Department of Psychiatry Neuropsychology Clinical Training Seminar (NCTS) 1 https://www.cognitivemedicinegroup.com 2 Courtesy of Erin Bigler,

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Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tracts

Marc Norman, Ph.D., ABPP Amanda Gooding, Ph.D., ABPP

Department of Psychiatry Neuropsychology Clinical Training Seminar (NCTS)

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Courtesy of Erin Bigler, Ph.D.

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Neostriatum or striatum

  • Caudate + Putamen

– Receives all input to BG – Most cortical input is excitatory (glutamate) – Output is GABA

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Lentiform

  • Globus Pallidus + Putamen
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BG Pic

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Connections

  • Commisure
  • Faciculus
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Homonculus

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Limbic

  • Homeostasis
  • Olfaction
  • Memory
  • Emotion
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Getting Limbic

  • Limbic Function

Key Structure

  • Homeostasis, autonomic

Hypothalamus & neuroendocrine control

  • Olfaction

Olfactory Cortex

  • Memory

Hippocampal Formation

  • Emotions and drives

Amygdala

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Limbic System

  • Olfaction and regulation of emotions, memory, appetite

drives, and autonomic and neuroendocrine control

  • These areas are interconnected by a variety of

pathways, including the fornix- connecting the hippocampal formation to the hypothalamus and septal nuclei

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Limbic Structures

  • Medial and anterior

temporal lobes

  • Anterior insula
  • Inferior medial frontal

lobes

  • Hippocampal formation
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cingulate gyri
  • Amygdala
  • Medial thalamic nuclei
  • Hypothalamus
  • Septal area
  • Brainstem
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Sensory

  • Posterior Column pathway - proprioception, vibratory,

fine touch

  • Anteriolateral- pain, temperature, and crude touch
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Spine: Everyone should get one

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Motor Neurons

  • Upper motor neurons

– From cortex to spinal cord or brainstem

  • Lower motor neuron

– Out of CNS via anterior spinal roots (cranial nerves) to muscles in periphery

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Crossover

  • Medulla/spinal cord junction
  • 85% of motor fibers cross over
  • Contralateral/ipsalateral
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Motor System (medial)

  • Anterior Corticospinal tract
  • Vestibulospinal tract
  • Reticulospinal tract
  • Tectospinal tract
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Corticospinal

  • Major motor tract
  • Most important pathway - pyramidal tract
  • Voluntary movement
  • From cortex to anterior horn cells in spinal cord
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Corticospinal Tract

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Internal Capsule

  • Corticospinal/corticobulbar fibers form part of it
  • From cortex to brainstem = corticobulbar
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Rubrospinal Tract

  • Small, unclear clinically
  • Rubrospinal tract decussates in the ventral tegmentum at

the level of the midbrain to the red nucleus

  • A portion of the anterior corticospinal tract decussates at

the level of the cervical spinal cord, just below the Pyramid

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Rubrospinal

  • May play role in

decorticate posturing

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The End is Here

  • Repent, for the time is Nigh