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Network Mobility Across Private Domains Harish Viswanathan, S ampath Rangaraj an, S uman Das April, 2007 Mobile Broadband new usage scenarios 3G Routers appearing in the market Mobile broadband is evolving to provide Approved

SLIDE 1

Network Mobility Across Private Domains

Harish Viswanathan, S ampath Rangaraj an, S uman Das

April, 2007

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2 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Mobile Broadband – new usage scenarios

Mobile broadband is evolving to provide

high data rates

New services and usage models of wide

area wireless networks are emerging

Further increase in data rates and

capacities of MBNs are planned for the future

UMB, LTE, WiMax

“ 3G Routers” appearing in the market

DIR 450 EV- DO Router from D-Link CIS CO 3G WWAN Router

INTERNET

Approved by S print, Verizon, Vodafone 3G Digi-Connect Kyocera

Wide area mobile broadband wireless enables network mobility

EV-DO WiFi

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3 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Example S cenario I: Personal Area Networks in Transit

Public Address Public Address Private Address Network Movement

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4 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Example S cenario – II: Mobile Mesh – Rapidly Deployable Network

Network deployed

where needed

Operating network

components move as a whole

Internet connectivity

may not be there initially

INTERNET

Movement Movement Public Address Private Address Domain

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5 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Motivation

Future networks are likely to be mobile themselves Network itself will be portable

Example: Rapidly deployable networks for emergency application

Personal area networks between multiple devices move together or

separately and j oin other networks

Connectivity to backbone network may not be available before network

peration

How do we provide services and seamless mobility management when

network moves?

Evolutionary Approach: Achieve this goal with minimum changes to

existing core infrastructure and protocols

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6 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Mobility Management Aspects Treated

Layer 3 (IP layer) mobility Retain IP address Be able to route to new location with existing IP address Layer 1 and Layer 2 mobility is handled in a network technology

dependent manner

S

eamless connectivity depends on handoff times at Layers 1, 2, and 3

Restarting/ handoff at Layer 1 and 2 typically faster with properly

designed technology

If Layer 1 and 2 handoff causes substantial interruption resulting in

loss of service then seamless Layer 3 mobility may be irrelevant

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7 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Typical S cenario Characteristics

Local network of access points inter-

connected by mesh or other point-to- multi-point network

One of the nodes, “ Gateway AP” , has

connectivity to the Internet through a wide area access network

Mobility S

cenarios

Access terminals (AT) moving within

the local network

ATs moving out of the local network
A portion of the local network

(AP+ATs) moves and j oins another similar local network

Commercial Wide Area Wireless Network

Gateway

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8 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Mobility S cenario – AT moving out of local network

Commercial Cellular Network NAT/Gateway NAT/Gateway Network A Network B

Initial Configuration

Commercial Cellular Network NAT/Gateway NAT/Gateway Network A Network B

New Configuration

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9 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Mobility S cenario – AP moving out of the local network

Commercial Cellular Network

New Configuration

Gateway Gateway Commercial Cellular Network Gateway Network A Network B

Initial Configuration

Gateway Network A Network B

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10 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Mobility S cenario 3 – Entire Private domain moving under another private domain

Commercial Cellular Network

New Configuration

NAT/Gateway NAT/Gateway Commercial Cellular Network NAT/Gateway Network A Network B

Initial Configuration

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11 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Related Work: Network Mobility S

lutions

IETF NEMO (Network Mobility) working group has proposed a solution

for network mobility

Assumes IPv6 prefix based global addressing Assumes mobile node connected to the Internet is a mobile router Based on Mobile IPv6 extensions

Incorporates suffix binding to reduce signaling

Applicable to IPv4 with public addresses only

Main Idea

MRs registers network segments explicitly with the HA or known implicitly

to the HA. Packets to these network segments received at the HA will be forwarded to the MR

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12 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Key Components of the Network

Gateway Access Point (AP) Access Point (AP) Access Terminal (AT) Local network Wide Area Access Provider Network Fixed Network Home Agent (F-HA)

Wide Area Wireless Network

Gateway AP AP AT Local Network F-HA

Service Provider Network

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13 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Direct Mobile IP S

lution

Wide Area Wireless Network

Gateway AP AP AT Local Network F-HA

Service Provider Network

Gateway AP acts as the foreign

agent for AT in standard Mobile IP

Public home address assigned to AT

by F-HA through gateway using Mobile IP

FA is itself mobile; Home address

assigned to it by F-HA Disadvantages

Does not address mobility for calls that

riginated before infrastructure connectivity was

available

Infrastructure needs to be aware of all nodes

in local network

Tunneling overhead even in the absence of

mobility

Local traffic has to be routed through Gateway

AT even in the absence of mobility

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14 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Mobility S

lution with private addresses

Co-locate Home Agent functionality for local network nodes at the Gateway

node together with the NAT

When nodes move, because of private addressing packets will continue to

have to be address translated for on-going connections to be maintained Directly tunnel packets from an AP to the Gateway AP to hide old private addresses in the new local network Route optimization whenever possible When Gateway AP itself moves under another Gateway AP then it is possible to route packets directly in the new local network

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15 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Gateway AP Functions

NAT HA FA Co-located FA Local Routing LAN Interface WAN Interface Router Personality Host Personality

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16 | Network Mobility | April 2007

Example: Initial Configuration

Commercial Cellular Network Gateway AP A Gateway AP B 1 2 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 192.168.1.1 135.222.104.1 135.222.104.1 192.168.15.5 192.168.1.1 192.168.15.1 135.222.104.1 135.22.108.10 2 Access-Interface Link Mesh Interface-Link Backhaul-Interface Links 192.168.10.1 192.168.5.1 135.22.108.10 192.168.5.10 Mesh Interface-Link Access-Interface Link 192.168.10.1 135.22.108.10 3

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17 | Network Mobility | April 2007

When Gateway AP A moves under Gateway AP B

Commercial Cellular Network NAT/Gateway 1 2 3 4 5 NAT/Gateway 1 3 4 5 192.168.1.1 135.222.104.1 135.222.104.1 192.168.15.5 192.168.1.1 192.168.15.1 2 Access-Interface Link Mesh Interface-Link Mesh-Interface Link to NAT B 192.168.10.1 192.168.5.1 135.22.108.10 192.168.5.10 Mesh Interface-Link Access-Interface Link 192.168.10.1 135.22.108.10 135.222.104.1 192.168.5.3 135.222.108.10 192.168.5.1

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18 | Network Mobility | April 2007

When only AP moves

Commercial Cellular Network Gateway AP B 1 2 Gateway AP A

FA

HA+NAT

4 5 3

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19 | Network Mobility | April 2007