Targeting in industrial net zero in in the Humber region 30 July 2020 Dr Geraint Evans Catch Consultants
Agenda ISCF project UK energy transition Available technologies & Humber Deployment Projects Cluster plan (roadmapping)
Agenda ISCF project
4 BEIS Grand Challenges, 5 Missions ■ Artificial intelligence and data – use AI to transform medical research ■ Meeting the needs of an aging society ■ Clean growth – Halving energy use in buildings – Establish the world’s first net -zero carbon industrial cluster by 2040 and at least 1 low-carbon cluster by 2030 ■ Future of mobility – zero emissions vehicles https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-strategy-the-grand-challenges/missions
Six energy intensive industry clusters in the UK
Net zero? ■ Net zero means that the UK’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would be equal to or less than the emissions the UK removed from the environment. This can be achieved by a combination of emission reduction and emission removal. – 100% vs 1990 ■ Applied to a region (Humber) and a sector (industry): – How to consider embedded carbon in construction and indirect effects of construction – How to consider imports of fuels (e.g. low carbon H2, high carbon H2) – risk of offshoring? – Who claims negative emissions if imported H2 made from BECCS is made out of region? https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/articles/netzeroandthedifferentofficialmeasuresoftheuksgreen housegasemissions/2019-07-24
Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund (ISCF) ■ £170M fund, matched with up to £261M from industry = £431M ■ Deploy new low carbon technologies and accelerate cost effective and deep industrial decarbonisation – Support delivery of achieving one low-C cluster by 2030 – First net zero cluster by 2040 – Covering energy intensive industries ■ Iron/steel, refining, chemicals etc ■ Boost competitiveness of industrial regions – Drive inward investment – Create and protect jobs
ISCF fund has three strands IDRIC (Heriot Watt led) - Sustainable industrial clusters knowledge creation and sharing function, including the creation of a joint industry/government/academic-led research programme Deployment projects - Detailed designs and demonstration of industry-scale technologies and shared infrastructure for the cost- effective deep decarbonisation of at least one industrial clusters Cluster Plans (roadmaps) and feasibility studies for net zero industrial cluster https://www.ukri.org/innovation/industrial-strategy-challenge-fund/industrial-decarbonisation/
Humber Cluster Plan (HIDR, now HCP) ■ Phase 1 is now complete – developing the methodology for an accelerated start to a Phase Data a sourci cing ng Techn hnica ical modelli elling 2 – Baseline emissions data – Modelling scope and capabilities ■ Prescriptive analytics Energy y / Energy gy – Data sourcing/identification systems ems strategy egy thinki king ng ■ Completion of Phase 1 permits entry to the Phase 2 competition for funding to deliver our Cluster Plan (Roadmap) Strategic egic insights ghts for – Starts January 2021 Humber er region on – Completion 31 March 2023 industr stria ial – Identify optimal secure, low cost route to decar arbonisatio onisation achieving a zero carbon Humber energy intensive industrial sector by 2040.
Agenda UK energy transition
377 GW 200 GW Enough for 65 million kettles
A route to meeting - 80% CO 2 for the UK Power now, heat next, transport gradual – cost optimal Intl Aviation & Shipping Transport Sector Buildings Sector CCS commercialised, renewables & nuclear deployed Power Sector Other conversion Heat (buildings) reducing as gas boilers swap to electric, H 2 , District Heating Industry Sector Negative emissions through bioenergy + CCS Other CO2 Biogenic credits Power almost zero carbon Heat almost zero carbon; transport remains -80% target (net) Bio credits, including “negative emissions” www.eti.co.uk 4 Chart data from base case v4.3
Meeting net zero in 2050 ■ To meet 80% decarbonisation, fossil fuels still made up 50% of final energy demand (30% petroleum, 20% gas). Electricity made up 30%, heat networks 5%, hydrogen at 10% and biomass 5%. ■ More profound changes are needed to meet net zero. – Wherever possible, delivery of final energy by fossil fuels is substituted out. ■ Share of fossil fuels drops to 25%. – ~ three quarters of energy mix provided by electricity (43%), hydrogen (20%) & district heat (10%). – Negative emissions needed to counter residual emissions, especially from aviation. – Most of remaining fossil fuel used in industry and aviation – Greater intermittent power use so greater requirement for system balancing (power storage etc) https://es.catapult.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ESC_Innovating_to_Net_Zero_report_FINAL.pdf
Agenda Humber region industry transition
Industry is challenging to decarbonise ■ Chemical feedstocks themselves emit CO2, e.g. limestone – ~45% of industrial emissions ■ Highly integrated processes – some make their own “internal” fuels from their chemical feedstocks e.g. steel, refining – Replacing refinery fuel gas with hydrogen requires an abated use for fuel gas ■ Requirement for high temperature heat (~35% of industrial emissions) – could potentially use electric furnaces or hydrogen – Steel ~1200°C, limestone calcination ~1400°C ■ Industrial facilities have long lifetimes. Design changes would require costly redesigns, retrofits and/or rebuilds. ■ The need to maintain business competitiveness.
Humber ber en ener ergy gy in inten ensiv ive e in indu dustry y sec ector or Over 70% of industrial emissions from 2 sectors 50% emissions from internal fuels. CCUS crucial
Doin ing g noth nothin ing g woul uld d lik ikel ely y lea ead o d onl nly y to a a slig ight t dr drop p in in em emis ission ions s by 2040. 40. Deep decarbonisation needed. All technologies crucial but especially CCS, hydrogen, BECCS
Agenda Available technologies & Humber Deployment Projects
Demand side Direct air capture Energy efficiency CCS (CCU) measures and BECCS Reduce demand Capture CO2 for primary Adapt Capture CO2 from the air or resources & production emitted and via biomass to emissions equipment to store (CCS) or provide a through lower energy use use (CCU ) negative emission optimisation, re- per unit volume credit using, recycling Hydrogen as a Biomass as a fuel Other Electrification fuel or feedstock or feedstock innovations Replace e.g. innovative feedstock or fuel processes e.g. Replace fossil Replace with sustainably electrochemical fuel for heating, feedstock or fuel produced production mobile plant and with low or biomass e.g. to process, non fossil motor drives negative carbon produce an ultra- fuel feedstock with renewable change, such as a hydrogen. clean syngas for electricity change in cement acetic acid feedstock manufacture.
CCS – Humber ber & T & Tee eessid ide e wel ell pl placed ed to take e advan dvantage ge of low carbon bon el elec ectrici tricity ty from om win ind, d, solar and b d bio iomass ss, , and d CCS Millions of tonnes of potential storage in the UK Continental Shelf by region (cost and risk not appraised) 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Southern Central Northern East Irish Sea Central North Sea North Sea North Sea Basin English Channel Saline aquifers Gas Fields Oil Fields
Hydrogen as a fuel or feedstock Blue hydrogen Green hydrogen Natural gas + steam reforming Renewable electricity + electrolysis Coal + gasification Biomass + gasifcation CO 2 to geological storage (with and without CCS) Transport and storage Export Zero emissions transport Industry Power generation
Deployment Initiatives & Projects H2H Saltend end Britis ish h Steel eel Scun unth thorpe – Investigating CCS options – Blue hydrogen (with CCS) appropriate to sector – 600MW ATR – Hydrogen (for fuel switching & – Triton at 30% H2 within process) – 900,000 Tonnes CO2 – Re-use and recycling (e.g. using slag for road surfacing) Humber zero o (Immin mmingh gham) am) – Post combustion CCS Zero o Carbon bon Hum umber ber – Blue & green hydrogen for fuel – BECCS (negative emissions) at Drax switching at refineries & power plants – Exploring large scale hydrogen – 100MW electrolyser production opportunities – 7 MT CO2 abated Keadb adby y Clean an Power er Hub Green een hydr ydrogen ogen for Hum umbe ber – 2x CCGT with post combustion CCS – Development of GW scale roll out of green hydrogen via electrolysis
Agenda Cluster Plan (roadmapping)
Cluster Plan (Roadmapping) ■ Identify optimal (secure, low cost) route to a zero carbon Humber energy intensive industrial cluster by 2040 – Understand uncertainties – identify resilient technologies and choices – Identify potential futures for industry in the Humber ■ Deployment projects and others – Establish value to Humber beyond 2040 ■ Jobs, inward investment, GVA – Identify skills and training needs – Identify legacy potential and implement
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