Neonatal Medicine Fetal Assessment Gestational Age: obstetrical - - PDF document

neonatal medicine
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Neonatal Medicine Fetal Assessment Gestational Age: obstetrical - - PDF document

6/29/2011 Neonatal Medicine Fetal Assessment Gestational Age: obstetrical interventions Pediatrics amniocentesis, c section, inevitable premature delivery delivery LMP, quickening, first fetal heart tones, Fernando Vega, MD


slide-1
SLIDE 1

6/29/2011 1

Pediatrics

Fernando Vega, MD HIHIM 409

Neonatal Medicine

  • Fetal Assessment
  • Gestational Age: obstetrical interventions
  • –amniocentesis, c‐section, inevitable premature

delivery delivery

  • LMP, quickening, first fetal heart tones,
  • Physical exam,
  • Ultrasound

– 1st trimester: crown‐rump – 2nd and 3rd trimester: BPD

Neonatal Medicine

  • Functional maturity
  • Fetal Growth
  • IUGR
  • Hydrocephalus
  • macrosomia
  • Fetal well being
  • Fetal well being
  • Lungs
  • Fetal movement
  • Non stress test
  • Fetal activity is accompanied by a

reflex acceleration of fetal heart rate‐ a reflex present by 32 weeks of gest.

Neonatal Medicine

  • Specific Fetal diseases

– Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) – maternal and fetal – Anencephaly, congenital nephrosis, duodenal atresia, encephalocele, esophageal atresia, fetal blood contamination, fetal death, gastroschisis, hydrocephalus, , , g , y p , Myelomeiningocele, Necrosis of fetal liver 2o to HSV infection, Nuchal bleb, omphalocele, Rh isoimmune disease, sacroccygeal teratoma, spontaneous abortion, – Trisomy 13, Turner’s syndrome, Twins, urinary obstruction

  • Amniotic fluid: liquid and cellular elements.
  • Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling

Neonatal Medicine

  • Timing of delivery

– Fetal well being – Maternal well being

Neonatal Medicine

  • Labor and Delivery

– Stages of Labor:

  • 1st ,is from onset of labor to 10 cm dilation
  • 2nd,passage through the birth canal

2 ,passage through the birth canal

  • 3rd,from delivery of baby to passage of placenta

– Fetal well being

  • Fetal heart monitors
slide-2
SLIDE 2

6/29/2011 2

Neonatal Medicine Neonatal Medicine

  • Physiologic changes during transition from

fetal to neonatal life.

– Expansion of lungs Air exchange – Air exchange – Termination of right to left circulatory shunt

Neonatal Medicine Neonatal Medicine

Resuscitation in the Delivery room: High risk infants that need an experienced resuscitator

  • Fetal distress: abnormalities in heart rate, scalp pH<7.20
  • Thick meconium in amniotic fluid
  • Prematurity <36wks, postmaturity>42wks
  • Low BW <2 0kg high BW >4 5kg

Low BW <2.0kg, high BW >4.5kg

  • Detected congenital anomalies
  • Multiple births
  • Abn presentation
  • Cord prolapse
  • Significant vaginal bleeding
  • Midforcepts delivery
  • Prolonged, difficult unusual labor

Neonatal Medicine

  • Respiratory distress
  • Apgar score <6 at 5 minutes
  • Signs of maternal infection
  • Prolonged rupture
  • Foul smelling amniotic fluid
  • Maternal diabetes, Rh sensitization, PIH,

Neonatal Medicine

Heart Rate absent <100bpm >100 bpm Respiratory effort absent slow (irreg) Good crying

APGAR SCORE 1 2

Respiratory effort absent slow (irreg) Good crying Muscle tone Limp some flexion of extremities Active motion Reflex irritability No response Grimace Cough or snz Color Blue, Paile Pink body, blue extrmities All pink Add up five numbers to get a final score

slide-3
SLIDE 3

6/29/2011 3

Neonatal Medicine

  • Normal newborn
  • History: family, maternal, paternal, pregnancy,

perinatal Ph i l

  • Physical exam

Signs of gestational age Congenital Anomalies Successful Transition to Air breathing Impact of labor, delivery Signs of infection or metabolic diseases

Neonatal Medicine

  • Caridorespiratory system: color, respiratory rate, heart

sounds, rate, pulses

  • Abdomen
  • GU/Rectum
  • Skin
  • Extremities, Spine, Joints
  • Head neck mouth
  • Neuro
  • Neuromuscular maturity: Posture.square window,arm

recoil, popliteal angle, scarf sign, heel to ear.

  • Physical maturity: skin,m lanugo, plantar creases,

breast, ear, genitals

Neonatal Medicine

  • Problem newborn
  • Respiratory distress
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Birth trauma
  • Orthopedic problems
  • Metabolic problems
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Dermatological problems

Neonatal Medicine

  • Respiratory Tract Disorders
  • Transition to Pulmonary Respiration
  • Apnea
  • RDS
  • RDS
  • TTNB
  • Meconium apiration
  • Pulmonary Hemorrhage
  • Digestive System Disorders
  • Meconium Ileus in Cystic Fibrosis

Neonatal Medicine

  • Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
  • Jaundice of the Newborn
  • Blood Disorders
  • Anemia
  • Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
  • Hemorrhage in the Newborn

Infant Care

  • Breast feeding, benefits
  • Baby bottle tooth decay
  • Solids
  • Formula
  • Formula
  • Elimination
  • Developmental Milestones
  • Day/Night routine
  • Child Abuse
slide-4
SLIDE 4

6/29/2011 4

The Older Older Child

  • Allergic Disorders
  • Allergic Rhinitis
  • Asthma
  • Atopic Dermatitis
  • Urticaria‐Angioedema
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Adverse reaction to Foods

Pediatric Infectious Disease

  • Fever
  • URI’s
  • Otitis Media
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Pneumonia
  • Menningitis
  • Sepsis

Pediatric Rheumatology

  • Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

– Arthritis may not be evident early in the course of the disease – High fevers, rashes, markedly elevated white blood cell counts, and anemia = thought to be leukemia or Kawasaki’s

  • Vasculitis

– Henoch Schoenlein Purpura – Kawasaki’s

Pediatric Oncology

– Leukemia

  • White cell proliferation in blood

– Lymphoma

  • White cell tumors

– Wilm’s Tumor

  • Kidney malignancy

– Neuroblastoma

  • Malignancy of Sympathetic ganglion cells

– Retinoblastoma

  • Retina malignancy

Pediatric Nephrology

  • UTI’s in children
  • Evaluation of Hematuria
  • Evaluation of Proteinuria

Pediatric Neurology

  • Seizures in Childhood
  • Headaches