Roa oad sa safe fety ty per erform formanc ance e in in Ne New w Zea eala land nd Why is New Zealand's road safety performance declining?
Is our sy syst stem em safe? fe? Ten years ago • 95,000 km of roads • 94,000 km of roads • 3.5 million vehicles • 2.9 million vehicles • 4.8 million people • 4.2 million people • 45.8 billion vehicle-kilometres • 40.1 billion vehicle-kilometres travelled travelled • 3,200 deaths and serious injuries • 3,100 deaths and serious injuries
Fatalit lities ies in in la last 5 y years • 55% increase since 2014 500 400 • highest total since 2009 300 • today 394 200 100 0 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18
We w were doin ing g better er • 42% reduction from 500 2008 to 2013 400 • lowest annual road toll 300 (253) in 2013 200 100 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
All ll ca casual ualty y measu asures es trendi ding ng upwar ards ds • fatalities +55% 6000 5000 • deaths and serious 4000 injuries (DSIs) +40% 3000 • hospitalisations +10% 2000 1000 • ACC claims +39% 0 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 persons killed in road crashes deaths and serious injuries hospitalised >1 day ACC entitlement claims
Where are the in increase ases s - users drivers passengers Killed or m/cycle seriously injured 2017 cyc/ped 2016 2015 16-24yrs >75yrs overseas 0 500 1000 1500
Where are the in increase ases s - regi gions 900 2015/16 800 2016/17 700 2017/18 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Nthland Auckland Waikato BayPlenty Gisborne HawkesBay Taranaki
Where are the in increase ases s - regi gions Deaths and serious injuries, per 100,000 population 140 2015/16 120 2016/17 2017/18 100 80 60 40 20 0 Nthland Auckland Waikato BayPlenty Gisborne HawkesBay Taranaki
Where are the in increase ases s - regi gions Deaths and serious injuries, per 100,000 population 180 2015/16 160 2016/17 140 2017/18 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Man-Wang Wellington Nel-Mar-Tas Canterbury WestCoast Otago Sthland
More vehicl icles es and more travel • with increasing population, increasing • however, fatalities and serious injuries are numbers of vehicles and increasing travel, the increasing at a faster rate than can be number of crashes on the network would be explained by simple traffic growth expected to increase*
More vehicl icles es and more travel Population and fleet trends, indexed to 2013=1000 Population and fleet trends, indexed to 2013=1000 • cars +14% 1500 1500 • all vehicles +17% 1400 1400 • vehicle kilometres 1300 1300 travelled +10% 1200 1200 • population +8% 1100 1100 • fatalities 1000 1000 +55% 900 900 • DSIs +40% Dec-13 Dec-13 Dec-14 Dec-14 Dec-15 Dec-15 Dec-16 Dec-16 Dec-17 Dec-17 persons killed in road crashes persons killed in road crashes cars cars all vehicles all vehicles veh kms travelled veh kms travelled population population deaths and serious injuries deaths and serious injuries
Crashes hes vs in injuries ries • it is important to reduce crash numbers, and we have a good understanding of the factors which lead to crashes – drivers impaired, by alcohol, drugs, fatigue o drivers distracted, by cellphones, passengers o too fast for conditions o the state of the road or the weather o inexperience, etc, etc o • but, accepting that crashes are inevitable, we also need to understand the factors which lead to fatal and serious injuries in those crashes
Crashes hes vs in injuries ries • reducing injury severity is about mitigating energy exchange in a collision within the vehicle – crumple zones, seatbelts, side airbags o with roadside features – vegetation, barriers, culverts, poles o speed of impact – less speed, less harm o vulnerability of user – collisions involving pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists o road user incompatibility – e.g. truck vs car, car vs bicycle o If there are severity-increasing influences, deaths and injuries will increase .
Trends ds whic ich in increase ase in injur ury y sever erity ity • crashes involving trucks are more severe • crashes at higher speeds are more severe • crashes involving motorcycles are more severe • crashes involving older vehicles are more severe • injuries in crashes when not wearing seatbelts are more severe
Ve Vehic icle le mass s makes es a d dif iffer ference ence In 2013-2017 • 26% of car vs truck crashes resulted in death or serious injury • 14% of car vs car crashes resulted in death or serious injury • 7% of car vs truck crashes resulted in death • 1.5% of car vs car crashes resulted in death
Heavy y vehicl icles es 600 500 108,000 more trucks 458,000 400 300 215 million more SH vkt 200 2039 M 100 129,000 12,000 more heavy trucks 0 Dec-13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15 Jun-16 Dec-16 Jun-17
Sp Speed d makes es a d dif iffer ferenc ence In 50km/h zones, 16% of crashes were fatal/serious
Sp Speed d trends ds Speed on 100 km/h roads: behaviour and enforcement 100 10% 98 8% 96 6% 94 4% 92 2% 90 0% Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17 average open road speed vehicles detected speeding in 100 km/h zones
Motorcycles cles come wit ith ris isk Licensed motorcycles and mopeds 84000 80000 76000 8000 more motorcycles 72000 68000 64000 Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
Ve Vehic icle le age ge m makes es a d dif iffe ference ence Percentage of occupant fatalities in older vehicles 70% 60% 50% 40% half of all occupant fatalities in 30% vehicles more than 15 years old 20% 10% 0% Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
Vehic Ve icle le crashwo worthiness thiness makes es a d dif iffer ferenc ence 60% 50% % fleet % driver DSI 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 Star 2 Star 3 Star 4 Star 5 Star
Influenc luences es on th the road toll ll crash numbers are influenced by • vehicle kilometres travelled, increased by 10% • licensed motorcycle numbers, increased by 11% • average open road speed, increased 0.4 km/h* and the severity of crashes is influenced by • vehicle and roadside safety features • vehicle mismatch and user vulnerability • collision speed
Se Seatbel elts ts Vehicle occupants killed not wearing seatbelts 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Dec-12 Dec-13 Dec-14 Dec-15 Dec-16 Dec-17
So … To build a safe road system free of death and serious injury • reduce the opportunities for interactions between heavy and light vehicles, or between vulnerable users and other users • improve the safety of motorcyclists (e.g. ABS, energy-absorbing roadside features) • have speeds that ensure serious injuries are unlikely in a collision • every vehicle occupant wears their seatbelt, all the time
A Sa Safe Sy System em In a safe system, people should not be seriously injured or killed as a result of someone’s mistake. The four pillars: Safe Roads and roadsides, Safe Vehicles, Safe Users, Safe Speeds The principles: people make mistakes, people are vulnerable, all parts of the system are needed, shared responsibility
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