National Fragmentation Caspar van den Berg, PhD Leiden University, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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National Fragmentation Caspar van den Berg, PhD Leiden University, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 14, 2024 233 likes •323 views

European Unification and National Fragmentation Caspar van den Berg, PhD Leiden University, Campus The Hague European Fragmentation An uneven distribution of benefits of European integration is partly normal and inevitable in a market

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European Unification and National Fragmentation

Caspar van den Berg, PhD Leiden University, Campus The Hague

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European Fragmentation

  • An uneven distribution of benefits of European

integration is partly normal and inevitable in a market economy, but it should remain within some bounds or it will come to undermine the European project from a democratic and electoral point of view.

  • There is a wide literature indicating that the more

people are or feel left behind socio-economically, the more they are inclined to turn their back on European integration.

  • Debatable whether EU integration is really the cause of

their worsened situation, but politically this is of secondary relevance.

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Landscape of citizenship styles in WE

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Landscape of citizenship styles in WE

“The Responsible”: participating and interactive “The Pragmatists”: Informed and reactive “The Dutiful”: Low on information and communication “The Outsiders”: Uninterested and eruptive

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Reasons for concern

  • Categories of Pragmatists and Outsiders are

growing, categories of Responsible and Dutiful are shrinking

  • Within Outsiders and Pragmatists, anti-EU

sentiment is also growing

  • If this trend continues, popular support for the

EU will shrink to levels at which EU membership becomes very difficult to sustain democratically.

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How to remedy this?

  • Communicative strategies? They alone do not

suffice:

– Have been tried without success (referenda) – No incentive structure for national politicians to advocate the benefits of the EU

  • Different strategies necessary to win

Outsiders and Pragmatists

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Different strategies to win back…

Outsiders

  • Identity-related strategies

– Strenghtening visibility and securing survival of collective they FIRSTLY identify with

  • Economy-related strategies

– Economic recovery will have a positive effect, but more redistribution is not the way to boost the economy.

  • Other?

Pragmatists

  • Democratization:

– EU Parliament: EU-wide political parties? – National parliaments: Upgrade their role in scrutinizing European Commission? – Other?