MSCI KOSARA KUJUNDZIC, ARCHITECT LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT OF POOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO

MSCI KOSARA KUJUNDZIC, ARCHITECT

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LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT OF POOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO

• DEVASTAT

ASTATION ON OF THE CULTU TURAL RAL LANDSCAPE SCAPE CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA, KOTOR, BOKA BAY

• METHODOLOG

HODOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF THE CRUCIAL PHASES IN THE BUILDING PROCESS, WITH SPECIAL

FOCUS ON THE URBAN PLANNING PHASE

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Boka Bay – Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor protected by UNESCO

“The Outstanding Universal Value of the Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor is embodied in the quality of the architecture in its fortified and open cities, settlements, palaces and monastic ensembles, and their harmonious integration to the cultivated terraced landscape on the slopes of high rocky hills. The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor bears unique testimony to the exceptionally important role that it played over centuries in the spreading of Mediterranean cultures into the Balkans” /UNESCO

Kotor

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• STUDY

Y OF ARCHITEC ECTURAL AL HERITAGE AGE PROT OTECTION ON IN KOSTAN ANJICA A

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• STUDY

Y OF ARCHITEC ECTURAL AL HERITAGE AGE PROT OTECTION ON IN KOSTAN ANJICA A

• ELEMEN

ENTS S OF CULTURAL AL LANDSC SCAPE: APE: (1) ) CHESTNUT TREE E AND LAUREL EL FOREST EST

• (2)

) TERRAC ACED ED GARDENS S WITH ARABLE BLE LAND AND FRUIT GARDEN ENS S (3) 3) PEDEST ESTRIAN AN PATHWAY AYS S (4) ) COAST STLI LINE E WITH PIER ERS S AND DOCKS S (5) ) CLUSTER ERS S OF TRADITION ONAL AL HOUSES ES (6) ) LANDSC SCAPI APING G ELEMEN ENTS S IN THE COURTYAR YARDS S (PAVEMENT

NTS, , RETAI TAINING NING WALLS, , STAIRS IRS ON THE GROUND, , PERGOL GOLA- “ODRINA INA”, STONE BANCH- “PIZUO”) (7)

) AUTOC OCHTON ONE E VEGET ETAT ATION IN GARDEN ENS S AND COURTYAR YARDS- CITRU

RUS FRUITS ITS, , OLIV IVE TREES, , GRAPEVINE INE, FLOW OWERS RS (8)

8) WATER ER (WATER

R TANK, NK, WELL)

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• STUDY

Y OF ARCHITEC ECTURAL AL HERITAGE AGE PROT OTECTION ON IN KOSTAN ANJICA A GUIDEL ELINES ES FROM OM THE STUDY: Y: LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION: (1) ) PRESERV

RVATIO ION N AND D REVITA ITALIS ISATION TION OF THE CHESTN TNUT UT TREES AND LAUR AUREL EL FORES EST T (2) PRESERVATION TION OF THE CULTUR URAL LAND NDSCA CAPE ELEMENT NTS ( T TERRA RACED CED GARDE DENS NS WITH VEGE GETAT TATIO ION, N, TRADIT DITIO IONAL NAL LAND NDSCAP CAPING ING ELEMENTS) ) (3) KEEPING ING THE EXIS ISTING ING SPATIA TIAL CONCEP CEPT T OF THE SETTL TLEMENT NTS (LARGE RGE OPEN N GREEN N AREA BETWEEN N THE CLUSTE USTERS RS OF HOUSE USES) ) NEWBUILDING:

G: (1)

) MINIMINU IMINUM OF NEWBUIL UILT T ROADS DS, HARM RMONI ONIZED ZED WITH THE LAND ND CONFIGURATI FIGURATION ON (CONT NTOUR OUR LINES NES) ) and EXIS ISTING ING RETAI TAINING NING WALLS (2) MODERATE RATE NEWBUIL UILDING DING (3) ) CONSI NSIDERA DERATIO ION N OF THE EXIS ISTING TING SPATIA TIAL CAPACIT CITIE IES: : LAND ND SLOP OPES, , LAND NDSCAP CAPING ING, , ETC. . WITH THE BUFFER FER ZONES TOWARD RDS THE EXISTING TING TRADIT DITIO IONA NAL ARCH CHITE ITECT CTUR URE

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

“Greetings from Perast”, ironic postcard from the theatre play “KOTO(R) O KOTORU” performed by citizens of Kotor “BOKA GARDENS”

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• BUILDING/

DING/USAGE USAGE PERMIT IT PHASE: ASE:

• SELECTIVE

CTIVE AND INSUF UFFICIENT ICIENT BUILDING DING INSPECTI PECTION ON (AROUND UND 100.000 00 ILLEGALY GALY BUILT OBJECT ECTS S IN MNE)

• NO CONTROL

OL OF THE LANDSC DSCAP APE E ISSUES UES ON THE BUILD LDING ING SITE

• DESIGN

IGN/ / BUILDING DING PERMIT MIT PHASE: SE:

• SELECT

ECTIVE IVE AND INSUF UFFICIENT ICIENT URBANIST ANISTIC IC INSPECTI PECTION ON (ACTS S UPON AN APPEAL) EAL)

• NO PROFOUND

UND CONSIDERAT IDERATIONS IONS OF THE LANDSCAPE DSCAPE

• ARCHIT

HITECT ECTS S THE ONLY ONE RESPO PONSI NSIBL BLE E FOR THE PROJEC JECT T AND OBTAINM INMEN ENT T OF T THE BUILDI LDING G PERMIT IT

• PROFIT

IT DRIVEN VEN ARCHITEC ITECTURE, TURE, NO PROMOTED TED PROPER PER CONTEM EMPORAR PORARY Y DESIG IGN N GUIDELI ELINES NES AND BUILDING DING EXAMPLES MPLES

• URBAN

AN PLANNING NING PHASE: ASE:

• LACK OF ANY KIND OF CONTROL OF URBAN PLANNERS’ WORK AND THE FINAL

L VERSIO SIONS NS OF URBAN AN PLANS NS

• INVESTOR’S URBAN PLANNING (CORRUPTION) AS THE MOST EFFICIENT

T WAY Y OF DOING G BUSINESS INESS IN CIVIL IL ENGINEE NEERING ING

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• OPERATIONS

IONS/GOV /GOVERN RNANCE CE: :

• NO COMPETENT INSTITU

ITUTIONS IONS ON THE SUBJECT OF CULTUR URAL LANDSCAPE

• NO COMPETENT

NT INSTITUTION ONS ON THE SUBJECT OF LANDSCAPE PROTECTION ON

• REGION

IONAL CULTURA RAL MONUME MENT NT PROTECTION ON INSTITU ITUTE IN KOTOR R THE ONLY ONE RESPONS NSIBL IBLE FOR THE PROTECT CTIO ION OF THE ARCHITECTUR URAL AND CULTUR URAL HERITAGE GE IN KOTOR OR

• POOR,

R, UNCOORDINA DINATED AND INEFFICIEN ICIENT INTERIN RINSTITU ITUTION ONAL COOPERANCE CE

• UNCLEAR AUTHORITIES (“NO ONE TO BLAME”)

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• POLI

LITICS/ S/VI VISI SION ONS/ S/ST STRAT ATEGI EGIES: ES:

• ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION PROCLAIMED AS “THE HIGHEST PRIORITY” SINCE THE ECOLOGICAL

STATE E DECLAR ARAT ATION IN 1992 92.

• NATION

ONAL AL SUSTAI AINABLE ABLE DEVELO LOPM PMENT STRAT ATEGY EGY (2016 016-2030 030), ), THE CRUCIAL AL GOVER VERNMEN ENT DOCUMEN ENT ON THE SUBJEC ECT OF SUSTAI AINABLE ABLE DEVELO LOPM PMENT, DOES NOT INCLU LUDE THE TERM “CULTURAL LANDSCAPE”

• THE LACK

K OF CONCRET ETE E LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION ON/INSPEC SPECTION METHOD ODS/ S/ST STRAT ATEGI EGIES ES

• INSUFFICIEN

ENT SCIEN ENTIFIC/ED EDUCAT ATION ONAL AL INSTITUTIONS S ON THE SUBJEC ECT OF ENVIRON ONMEN ENT/LAN LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION

• GENERAL

ERAL NEGAT ATIVE VE TRENDS: S:

• CORRUPT

PTION ON AT ALL L LEVELS VELS

• PRIVAT

VATE E PROFIT OVER THE PUBLI LIC GOOD OD

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• DESIGN

GN/BU BUILD LDING/ G/USAGE SAGE PERMIT PHASE E 2012 12-20 2016 16

TOURIST RESORT CONSISTED OF 32 “TERRACED HOUSES”,WITH “CAPTIVATING PANORAMIC VIEW”,”MEDITARRANEAN STYLE ARCHITECTURE”

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• URBAN PLAN

ANNING G PHASE

• AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, 2009.

009.

• URBANIZAT

ATION PRINCIPLES/ PLES/GU GUIDELI ELINES/ ES/CON ONDITION ONS: S: (1) ) NEWBUILDING G APPLI LIED ONLY Y IN SEGMEN ENTS, S, INDIVI VIDUAL AL HOUSES SES OR SMALL LLER ER CLUST STER ERS S OF HOUSE SES S (2) ) COMPR PREH EHEN ENSI SIVE VE PROTEC ECTION ON OF THE LANDSC SCAPE: APE: PRESER ERVI VING G EXIST STING G VEGET GETAT ATION AND MORPH PHOLO OLOGY GY OF THE TERRAI AIN AS AN AUTHENTIC LANDSC SCAPE APE (3) ) NEW BUILD LDINGS GS TO BE ADJUST STED ED TO THE SURROU OUNDING G (LAN AND CONFIGURAT ATION ON AND THE OPEN SEA VIEW EWS) S) (4) ) URBAN PLAN ANNING G IN ACCOR ORDAN ANCE E WITH THE CONSER ERVAT VATION CONDITION ONS S OF REGIONAL AL CULTURAL AL MONUMEN ENT PROTEC ECTION ON INST STITUTE E IN KOTOR OR (REFER ERRING G TO THE UNESCO’S WORLD LD HERITAG AGE SITE) E) (5) ) SPATIAL AL INTER ERVEN ENTION ONS S DO NOT JEOPAR OPARDIZE E THE ENVIRON ONMENT (6) ) OPTIMAL AL BUILT LT/OPEN OPEN SPACE E RATIO (7) (7) MAXI XIMUM HEIGH GHT OF THREE EE FLOO OORS S ABOVE VE GROU OUND (8) ) LANDSCAPING AIMED AT CREATING “SETTLEMENTS IN GREEN”, EACH PLOT INCLU LUDING G AT LEAST ST 50% % OF GREEN AREA WHERE E MINIMUM 3 LAUREL EL TREES S AND 1 CHESTNUT TREE E ARE PLANTED ED

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”,

2009 09.

“BOKA GARDENS”

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”,

2009 09.

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, 2009.

009.

• OBJEC

ECTIONS S BY NGO “EXPEDITIO”: THE NEW URBAN PLAN IS IN OPPOSI POSITION ON TO THE GUIDELI ELINES ES FROM THE STUDY: Y: (1) (1) INTROD ODUCING G EXCESSI SSIVE VE TRAFFIC NETWOR ORK/ K/ ANOTHER ER WIDE E TWO WAY ROAD (2) ) UNACCEPT EPTABLE ABLE EXTEN ENSI SIVE VE AND HIGH GH DENSI SITY Y NEWBUILDING G IN THE EASTERN AREA OF KOSTAN ANJICA (DEST STROYI OYING G A PART OF THE CHESTNUT TREE E AND LAUREL EL FOREST EST-MAR ARKED KED AS FOREST ST IN THE SPATIAL AL PLAN FOR KOTOR OR) ) (3) 3) DESTROY OYING G THE VIEW FROM OM PERAST AST

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”,

2009 09.

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

• URBAN

AN PLANNING NING PHASE ASE

• AMENDS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE DETAILED URBAN PLAN “KOSTANJICA”, 2009.

009.

• URBANIZ

ANIZAT ATION ION PRINCIPLES/G CIPLES/GUIDEL UIDELINES/COND INES/CONDITI ITIONS: ONS: (1) NEWBU WBUILDI ILDING NG APPLIED LIED ONLY IN SEGMENT ENTS, S, INDIVIDUAL VIDUAL HOUSES SES OR SMALL LLER ER CLUSTERS TERS OF H HOUSES SES DENSE SE NEWBUI BUILT T SETTLE LEMEN MENT, T, HOUSE SES S IN CLOSE SE PROXIM XIMITY ITY (2) COMPREHENSIVE REHENSIVE PROTECTI ECTION ON OF T THE LANDSCAPE: SCAPE: PRESERVING SERVING EXIST ISTING ING VEGET ETATIO ATION N AND MORPHOLO OLOGY GY OF THE TERRAIN AIN AS AN AUTHENT ENTIC IC LANDSCAPE SCAPE EXTENDED ENDED URBANISED ANISED AREA A HAS DESTROYED ROYED A SIGNIF IFICANT ICANT PART T OF THE CHEST STNUT NUT TREE E AND LAUREL REL FOREST ST. . IN ORDER R TO U USE E BUILDI LDING NG CAPACI ACITIES IES TO THE FULLEST, ST, EXCES ESSIVE SIVE EXCAVA AVATIO IONS NS HAVE E BEEN N DONE E DEST STRUC RUCTIN TING G THE MORPHOL HOLOG OGY Y OF THE TERRAIN AIN (3) NEW BUILD LDINGS INGS TO B BE ADJUSTED USTED TO THE SURROU ROUNDING NDING (LAND D CONFIG IGURAT URATION) ION) IMPOSSIBLE SSIBLE IN THE FIRST T PLACE, CE, SINCE CE THE BUILDING DING HAS BEEN N PLANED NED ON THE EXTREMELY EMELY STEEP EP LAND D (4) URBAN AN PLANNIN NNING G IN ACCORDAN ORDANCE CE WITH THE CONSERVAT SERVATION ION CONDI DITI TIONS ONS OF REGIONAL ONAL CULTURAL URAL MONUMENT ENT PROTECT ECTION ION INSTI TITU TUTE TE IN KOTOR KOTOR (REFER ERRING RING TO THE UNESCO’S WORLD D HERITA ITAGE E SITE) ) URBAN AN PLAN N IN OPPOS OSIT ITION ION TO THE STUDY Y OF ARCHITECT ITECTURAL URAL HERIT ITAGE AGE PROTECT ECTION ION AND CONSERVAT SERVATION N GUIDELINES ELINES (5) SPAT ATIAL IAL INTERVENT ERVENTIO IONS NS DO NOT JEOPARDI PARDIZE ZE THE ENVIRO IRONMEN NMENT T SPATIAL IAL INTERVENT RVENTIO IONS NS HAVE E IRREVERSABLY EVERSABLY DAMAG AGED ED THE ENVIRO IRONMENT NMENT (6) OPTIMAL AL BUILT/O T/OPEN PEN SPACE CE RATIO O TOO DENSE SE AND EXCESSIVE CESSIVE NEWBUIL BUILDING DING COMPARED ARED TO THE TRADIT ITIO IONAL NAL SPATI TIAL AL CONCEP EPTS S (7) MAXIMU MUM M HEIGHT HT OF THREE E FLOORS S ABOVE VE GROUND ND RETAINI INING NG WALLS S OVER R TWO-THREE HREE FLOORS, S, 5 S STORIES IES HIGH STAIRCASE/ RCASE/LI LIFT FT TOWERS RS (8) LANDSCAPING AIMED AT CREATING “SETTLEMENTS IN GREEN”, EACH PLOT INCLUDING UDING AT LEAST ST 50% OF G GREEN EN AREA A WHERE RE MINIMUM UM 3 LAUREL EL TREES S AND 1 C CHESTN STNUT UT TREE E ARE PLANTED TED SCAR ARCE CE AND INSUF UFFICIE ICIENT NT GREEN EN AREAS AS AND TREES S

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CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA GUIDELIN INES ES FROM THE STUDY: Y: LANDSCAPE SCAPE PROT OTEC ECTI TION ON: (1) PRESER

ERVAT VATION AND REVITALI ALISAT SATION ON OF THE CHESTNUT TREES ES AND LAUREL EL FOREST EST (2) ) PRESER ERVAT VATION OF THE CULTURAL AL LANDSC SCAPE APE ELEMEN ENTS S ( TERRAC ACED ED GARDENS S WITH VEGET ETAT ATION, TRADITION ONAL AL LANDSC SCAPI APING G ELEMEN ENTS) ) (3) 3) KEEPI PING G THE EXIST STING G SPATIAL AL CONCEPT EPT OF THE SETTLEM EMENTS S (LARGE GE OPEN GREEN AREA BETWEEN EEN THE CLUSTER ERS S OF HOUSES) S)

NEWBU BUILD ILDING:

(1) ) MINIMINUM OF NEWBUILT LT ROADS, S, HARMON ONIZED ED WITH THE LAND CONFIGU GURAT ATION (CON ONTOUR LINES) ES) AND EXIST STING G RETAI AINING G WALLS LS (2) ) MODER ERAT ATE E NEWBUILDING G (3) ) CONSI SIDER ERAT ATION ON OF THE EXIST STING G SPATIAL AL CAPACITIES: ES: LAND SLOPES, PES, LANDSC SCAPI APING, G, ETC. WITH THE BUFFER ER ZONES ES TOWAR ARDS S THE EXIST STING G TRADITION ONAL AL ARCHITEC ECTURE

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LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT OF POOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO

• CASE STUDY: “BOKA GARDENS”, KOSTANJICA

PRESEN ENT STATE: E:

• 2016
• 16. UNESCO

O WARNING

• HIA (HISTORIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT) STUDY, SPECIAL SECTION ‘’KOSTANJICA”

SEEKI KING G FOR A SOLU LUTION :

• CLEAR

LEARLY LY DEFINED ED AUTHOR ORITIES ES AND RESPON ONSI SIBI BILI LITIES ES

• MULT

LTIDISC SCIPL PLINAR ARY, Y, COMPR PREH EHEN ENSI SIVE, VE, INTER ERINST STITUTION ONAL AL APPROA OACH (URBA BAN PLANNER ERS, S, ARCHITECTS, S, LANDSC SCAPE PE ARCHITECTS, S, CONSER ERVAT ATIONIST STS, S, ENVIRON ONMEN ENTAL AL ENGINEER EERS, S, ENGI GINEER EERS OF FOREST STRY Y ETC.)

• CON

ONCRET ETE E AND PRECISE SE REGULAT LATION ONS S AND GUIDELI ELINES ES IN TERMS S OF THE LANDSC SCAPE APE PROTEC ECTION ON (IDEN ENTIFICAT ATION AND MAPPI PING G OF THE EXIST STING G VEGET ETAT ATION ON, PROVI VIDING G AN ACCURAT ATE E BASE FOR THE URBAN PLANS, S, SPECIFICAT ATION AND FURTHER ER INSPEC PECTION ON OF THE APPLI LIED ED LANDSCAPIN APING G ELEMEN ENTS, S, INTROD ODUCING G LANDSCAPE APE INSP SPEC ECTION ON DURING G THE BUILD LDING G PROCESS ESS )

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LANDSCAPE DEVASTATION AS A RESULT OF POOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO

• PROVI

VIDING G PARADIGM GMAT ATIC MODELS ELS IN CONTEM EMPO PORAR ARY Y ARCHITEC ECTURE

Archi hitec ecture ure adjus usti ting ng to the lands dscape ape By followi

• wing

ng the contour tour lines es and earth h shel elter tering ng

“Artist residence in Boka” Competition winning project of Tomohiro Hata

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Hous

• use

e in Bigov gova (Kot

• tor
• r),

), arch. Vasilije ilije Milun unov

• vic

ic

Archit hitec ectur ure e adjusti usting ng to the landscape dscape By regar ardf dful ul terraced ed lands dscapi aping ng and planti nting ng dens nse, e, autoc

• chthone

hthone veget getati ation

• n

CONSLUSIO SION: Th The case ase study tudy of

• f “BOKA GARDENS” have

have re revealed ealed many many weak eaknes nesses of

• f the

the Sus Sustai tainabl nable Urban rban Devel elopmen

• pment

practice in in Montenegro enegro. In In orde rder to to ov

• verco

rcome me pro profoundl foundly ha harmful mful tende tendenc ncies es of

• f

lands andscape ape dev devas asta tati tion

• n by

by inapp nappropr ropriate ate ne newbui wbuilding, ng, an an integra tegrati tive, e, mul multidi discipl plinary nary, inte nterins rinsti titu tuti tional

• nal

approac approach hav have to to be be tak taken, en, fol followed wed by by preci recise and and clea ear regula regulati tions

• ns

and and methods

• ds of
• f the

the lands dscape ape protec ecti tion

• n.

Al Also,

• , cul

ultur tural landsc andscape ape has has to to be be re recogniz

• gnized

ed and and incl ncluded uded in in al all signi gnifi ficant ant sus usta tainabl nable dev devel elopmen

• pment agendas

agendas and and strateg rategies es, as as wel well as as in the the ope

• perativ

rative meas measures res of

• f the

the lands andscape ape pro protec tecti tion

• n. To

To conc

• nclude,

ude, prese reserva rvation

• n and

and improv mprovemen ement of

• f the

the lands andscape ape is is a cruci rucial al pa part rt of

• f the

the env environment ronment protecti rotection

• n and

and thus thus the the onl

• nly way

way of

• f ac

achi hiev eving ng Sustai ainabl nable Developmen

• pment.

LANDSCAPE SCAPE DEVASTAT ASTATION ON AS A RESULT LT OF POOR OR SUSTAI TAINABL NABLE E URBAN N DEVELOPMENT LOPMENT PRACTICE CTICE IN MONTEN NTENEG EGRO RO

SLIDE 23

References: ences:

• Ilija

lija Lalos losev evic ic, Alek eksan andra dra Kapet petano novic ic, , Bilja jana na Gligor igoric ic, , Jelen lena Frano anovic ic: Stud udy of archit itec ectura ral l herit eritage ge prot

• tection

ion in Kostanjic njica, , (Podg

• dgoric
• rica: Facult

lty of Archit itec ecture re, 2008 08.)

• MONTENEGRO PROJECT: Amends and extensions of the detailed urban plan “Kos
• stanjic

njica”, 2009.

Sour urces es of images es:

Slide de 4,5, 5,6, 6,7 7 stud udy of archit itec ectura ral l herita eritage ge prote rotection ion in Kostanjic njica (p. 10,16, 0,16,17, 7,18 18,22, 2,26 26,33, 3,35 35) Slide de 8,9, 9,13 13 (on n the he left, cent nter er), ),23 23 phot photog

• gra

raph phs cour urtes esy of Kosar ara Kujundz jundzic ic

LANDSCAPE SCAPE DEVASTAT ASTATION ON AS A RESULT LT OF POOR OR SUSTAI TAINABL NABLE E URBAN N DEVELOPMENT LOPMENT PRACTICE CTICE IN MONTEN NTENEG EGRO RO