Moores Law Gordon E. Moore, Cramming More Components onto Integrated - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Moores Law Gordon E. Moore, Cramming More Components onto Integrated - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 05, 2024 304 likes •510 views

Moores Law Gordon E. Moore, Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits, Electronics, pp. 114117, April 19, 1965. Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits A manifesto about the promise of integrations Gordon

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SLIDE 1

Moore’s Law

Gordon E. Moore, “Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits,” Electronics, pp. 114–117, April 19, 1965.

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SLIDE 2

Cramming More Components

  • nto Integrated Circuits
  • A manifesto about the promise of

integrations

  • Gordon Moore predicts a huge range of

applications

  • And a bunch of advantages
  • He’s selling hard!
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SLIDE 3

The promise

  • Apps -- scientific advancement, home

computers, automatic auto control, cell phones, electronic wrist watches, large scale data processing, and communication networks.

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SLIDE 4

The Promise

  • Reliability
  • Compactness
  • Weight
  • Power efficiency
  • Simpler designs -- see 8008 to 8086 evolution
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SLIDE 5

Moore’s Law

  • The number of minimum

cost xtrs per die increases exponentially

  • Density decreases

cost

  • Yield problems

increases cost

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SLIDE 6

Moore’s Law

  • xtrs count double

s every year.

  • Not quite right
  • Moore’s law: 250

xtrs in 2009

  • Reality: 232
  • Probably fewer

“cheapest”

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SLIDE 7

How it played out

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SLIDE 8

Moore’s Law

  • Since 1975
  • 1,100 x decrease in feature size
  • 1.2M x increase in density
  • About 45% per year. Doubling every 22

months.

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SLIDE 9

Observations

  • Other components (caps, inductors) will be

elusive.

  • Constant power scaling (formalized by

Dennard)

  • Chip size is roughly constant
  • Moore says 1/4 sq. in. = 161mm2
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SLIDE 10

Observations

  • Very optimistic about reliability.
  • Electron beam lithography (this is still just a

few years away)

  • Multiple metal layers!!!
  • Other technologies
  • attaching active components to “thin film

arrays”

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SLIDE 11

Corollaries to Moore’s Law

  • Moore’s law performance scaling
  • Switching speed goes up with decreasing

feature sizes -- Moore doesn’t comment

  • n this.
  • We have leveraged density + switching

speed to increase performance roughly with Moore’s law.

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SLIDE 12

Performance Growth

Performance grows faster than Moore’s law (45%/year)

An In-Depth Look at Computer Performance Growth, Magnus Ekman, Fredrik Warg, and Jim Nilsson, CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of Computer Engineering technical report 2004-9, 2004.

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SLIDE 13

Beating Moore

An In-Depth Look at Computer Performance Growth, Magnus Ekman, Fredrik Warg, and Jim Nilsson, CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of Computer Engineering technical report 2004-9, 2004.

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SLIDE 14

In Context

  • It’s hard to overestimate the importance of the

impact of Moore’s law.

  • However...
  • Note that it’s not about performance.
  • It’s strictly about density.
  • Not that this stops anyone from abusing it.
  • A pretty compelling vision for what integrated

circuit could do.

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SLIDE 15

More on Scaling

  • Seminal paper on scaling is Dennard et. al.

“Design of ion-implanted MOSFET's with very small physical dimensions”, 1974

  • Lays out how to truly scalable transistors.
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SLIDE 16

Dennardian Scaling

  • Given a scaling factor k.

Substrate

L

Gate

tox

Oxide

W drain sink

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SLIDE 17

Dennardian Breakdown

500 1000 1500 2000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 relative leakage Vt 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Energy * Delay @ Vt = 300mV Vdd/Vt

  • The problem with leakage
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SLIDE 18

Dennardian Breakdown

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SLIDE 19

Dennardian Breakdown