The Wood Buffalo Environmental Association: Monitoring in a Multi-stakeholder, Consensus-Based Setting KEVIN PERCY PHD EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WOOD BUFFALO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATION, FORT MCMURRAY, ALBERTA, CANADA Presentation to the AWMA CPANS “Air Quality in Saskatchewan”, Saskatoon, SK. January 17, 2014 1
Canada’s Oil Sand Deposits CAPP (2013) 2
Bitumen Extraction Technologies Drilling 80% of reserves Mining 20% of reserves Drilling 80% of reserves Mining 20% of reserves Upgrading Upgrading 3
Unique Mix of Emission Sources Off road diesel Fixed and fugitive On-road Forest fires Re-suspended Dust NASA/MODIS May 16, 2011 4 4 4
Athabasca Oil Sands Emissions (t/d) Source Type NOx SO 2 PM 2.5 Stacks 211.41 361.25 13.37 Plant Fugitives - - - Mine Fleet 75.03 1.88 2.86 Mine Face - - - Tailings Areas - - - Non-industrial 23.56 0.76 1.86 Total 310.00 363.89 18.09 Frontier Project Environmental Impact Assessment (2011) 5
Wood Buffalo Environmental Association Our Mission: • Multi-stakeholder • Consensus-based “WBEA monitors air • Objective quality and air quality • Not-for-profit related environmental impacts to generate accurate and transparent information which enables stakeholders to make informed decisions” Members Open House May 16
WBEA Membership Industry Members Aboriginal Fort McKay First Nations Athabasca Oil Corp. Fort McKay Métis Local 63 Brion Energy Corp. Fort McMurray Métis Local 1935 Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. Fort McMurray First Nation 468 ConocoPhillips Canada Chipewyan Prairie Dene First Nation Cenovus Energy Inc. Christina River Dene Nation Council Devon Canada Corp.. Environmental Finning Canada Fort McMurray Environmental Association Hammerstone Corp. Pembina Institute for Appropriate Husky Energy Development Government Imperial Oil Alberta Environment and SRD MEG Energy Corp. Alberta Health Services Nexen Inc. Alberta Health and Wellness Shell Canada Energy Inc. Energy Resources Conservation Board Statoil Canada Ltd. Environment Canada Suncor Energy Health Canada Sunshine Oil Sands Parks Canada Syncrude Canada Ltd. Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo Teck Resources Ltd. Saskatchewan Environment Total E&P Canada Ltd. * 3 New Membership Applications received Williams Energy 7
WBEA Governance 8
WBEA Science Team WBEA Members – Considerable in-kind contribution Traditional Knowledge Universities = 10 Institutes = 4 Private Contractors = 7 Government Agencies = 2 Science Advisors = 4 Ex-officio science advisory board = 5 Science Team: 40 scientists from Canada, U.S., Europe (>3,500 peer-reveiwed publications) 9 9
WBEA Board WBEA Governance Functional Committee Executive Operations Structure Communications Director (2) Dr. Kevin Percy Executive Assistant Business AATC/TEEM Hemp Program Aquatics Monitoring Manager Program Lead Scientist Manager Program Manager Manager Data (vacant) Systems/Management Technical HEMP Atmospheric Human Specialists Field Biologists Technician Chemist Resources (2) (2) Network Supervisor Accounting Science Advisors (2) TEK Air Office Technicians Administration- Data Systems FOC/Safety (8) and Management (3) Office Reception 10
WBEA Facilities Field Operations Centre Main Office “On site” specialists, technicians, support staff 11
WBEA Multi-stakeholder Model We measure, evaluate and communicate (two way) We reach agreement by consensus We share knowledge amongst Members A stakeholder concerns, science-balanced process We build monitoring systems that work for everyone This has led to practical, positive change in environmental management!! Flange connecting to the body Muffler Thermocouple Exhaust pipe Sampling port Driver Sample Sampling cabin modules transfer line Sampling platform 12
Air Monitoring Stations 16 Ambient Monitoring Stations 4 Portable Stations 241 Parameters Measured 1 Mobile Station 13
Ambient Air Monitoring Technical Projects Continuous Automated precipitation SO 2 , NOx, NH 3 , PM 2.5 , O 3 , H 2 S/TRS, sampler THC, CH 4 /NMHC, CO, meteorology Passive validation 2 tall met. towers Solar-powered denuders Time Integrated PM 10 , metals, PAH, VOC Passives (SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , NH 3 , HNO 3 ) Specialized PFGC (TRS, VOC, HC) Electronic nose Dicot for PM Trace SO 2 , NOx, NH 3 Ambient ion monitoring 241 parameters/86 for compliance 14
Air Monitoring Network Vignette • Air Monitoring Network vignette available on wbea.org 15
Percy ( 2013 ) SO 2 (ppb) 100 120 140 160 180 200 20 40 60 80 0 -----------------------industry stations-------------------------- ------community stations------ Mildred Lake (AMS 2) Mannix (AMS 5) Sulphur Dioxide - 2012 Lower Camp (AMS 11) Fort McKay South (AMS 13) Albian Muskeg River (AMS 16) CNRL Horizon (AMS 15) Millennium Mine (AMS 12) Buffalo Viewpoint (AMS 4) Fort McKay (AMS 1) 1-hour objective (172 ppb) 90th percentile maximum Patricia McInnes (AMS 6) Anzac (AMS 14) 99th percentile Athabasca Valley (AMS 7) Fort Chipewyan (AMS 8)
NO 2 (ppb) 100 150 200 50 0 ------------industry stations------------ --------community stations-------- Millennium Mine (AMS 12) Nitrogen Dioxide - 2012 Albian Muskeg River (AMS 16) Fort McKay South (AMS 13) CNRL Horizon (AMS 15) Athabasca Valley (AMS 7) Fort McKay (AMS 1) Patricia McInnes (AMS 6) 1-hour NO 2 objective (159 ppb) Anzac (AMS 14) 90th percentile 99th percentile maximum Fort Chipewyan (AMS 8)
Total Reduced Sulphur/ Hydrogen Sulphide - 2012 100 maximum 2 90 99th percentile 80 95th percentile 3 90th percentile 70 TRS/H 2 S (ppb) 60 3 82 50 40 58 30 12 4 4 1-hour H 2 S objective 20 2 (10 ppb) 10 0 Mannix (AMS 5) Mildred Lake (AMS 2) Lower Camp (AMS 11) CNRL Horizon (AMS 15) Millennium Mine (AMS 12) Barge Landing (AMS 9) Fort McKay South (AMS 13) Buffalo Viewpoint (AMS 4) Fort McKay (AMS 1) Athabasca Valley (AMS 7) Patricia McInnes (AMS 6) Anzac (AMS 14) -----------------industry stations------------------- -community stations- 18
New Measurement Technologies 19
Focused Monitoring: Conklin Air Quality 2012 (6 months) 20
Specialized Measurements: 2010 MOU With Environment Canada Dry and wet PAC AMS 5, 11, 13 Hg in ambient air Speciated/TGM Hg and Hourly BTEX Percy et al. (2012)
Data Systems and Data Management 22
WBEA DATA QC and QA WBEA QAP for daily QC, instrument calibration EC NAPS SOP for PAH and VOV US EPA FRM for other parameters Annual, independent third part network audit Expert US/Canada Network Review 2012 AATC monthly review of internal QC report 23
WBEA Standard Operating Protocols WBEA’s SOPs are documented and now publically available at www.wbea.org 24
WBEA Systems Development 25
Terrestrial Effects Monitoring Status, Changes, and Trends in Indicators and Endpoints 26
Forest Health Network See Forest Health Survey Phase 1: Field Sample Collection , on YouTube 27
Measuring Uncertainty in Passive Data Fraczek (2013) 28
Integration of Inputs With Responses: Linking cause-effect for decisions Stand, Long- Term, Regionally 30 m Representative tower (6 yrs.) Solar panels Stand Edges, early warning, Local (3 yrs.) 29 29
Measurement of Forest Health Indicators, Endpoints, Values 30
Peatland Monitoring Photos: Vile et al. 31
Sulphur Deposition (kg/ha/year) (no background) (with background) Davies (2012) 32
Traditional Environmental Knowledge Berry Health Project 2010-2013 – Quality and condition of blueberries, cranberries • food quality and contaminants – Twinned traditional knowledge - western science 33
Human Exposure Monitoring 34
Odour Speciation and the Community Odour Monitoring Project WBEA App for In Place Reporting by Community Odor Project Volunteers See www.wbea.org Reduced sulphur and VOCs Fort McKay Training “Nasal Rangers” Electronic Nose Fort McKay 35
HEMP – Community Odour Monitoring Program 36
Integrating Air and Land Systems Apportionment of Complex Multiple Source Emissions and Deposition for Ecological Effects Assessment By Receptor Modeling 37
WBEA Source Emissions Monitoring Dust Why “Real World” emission factors ? • The “real” contribution from source types to air emissions mass/chemical footprint • source type attribution in receptor modeling for pollutant mitigation Stacks Haulers 38
1. Measuring and Mapping Trace Element, S, and N Concentrations Two lichen species sampled 359 sites visited by helicopter in 2008 39
2. Defining Patterns in Receptors 40 Ni V r 2 = 0.780 (Third Order) r 2 = 0.767 (Third Order) 30 Concentration (ug/g) 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Distance from Mines (km) 40 Landis et al. (2011)
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