module manufacturing in Middle East region Franck Genonceau, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SmartWire Connection Technology, near term future solution for PV module manufacturing in Middle East region Franck Genonceau, Business Manager PV / Intersolar Middle East Conference 2017, Dubai

Table of contents Meyer Burger at a glance Middle East PV requirements From Theory to Reality Hetero Junction Technology Smart Wire Connection Technology How economics work Summary

Meyer Burger at a glance

Meyer Burger at a glance Wafer Cell Module Ingot to Wafer Wafer to Cell Cell to Module Diamond Wire Saw Wafer Inspection Cell coating Module Line Module Testing SiNA DW 288 Series 3 DW 288 Series 3 WIS-06 WIS-06 HighLIGHT by MAiA SWCT Pasan Industrie Standard: «DW288» «Hennecke» «MB PERC» «MB SWCT» «PASAN» # tools > 150 > 142 > 500 > 140 > 5 > 100 Installed >7GW >23GW > 30 GW > 18 GW > 320 MW > 20 GW Capacity Market ~35% ~80% > 30 % > 90% Increasing > 80% Share: Investment opportunity in the PV market - Proprietary and confidential information – Not for distribution 4

Middle East PV requirements

PV Market today and tomorrow strongest CAGR in Desert & Tropical Zones Annual global installations [GW] by climate zone Installations by climate zones [%] CAGR Desert 24 6% 29% 2% Tropical 59% 3 80% 32% 18% 7 35% 1 6% Moderate 42 2013 2018 31 2013 2018  LCoE decrease enables PV being competitive even in gas/oil countries, known as high temperature climate zones, projected with highest CAGR  Markets with desert climate (Saudi Arabia, Morocco, UAE, Egypt, …)  Markets with tropical weather (Taiwan, Indonesia, Brazil, Thailand, …) Source: Apricum consulting 6

Middle East PV requirements  Middle East region known as as one of the hottest region in the world  Known as well as for highest sun irradiance in the Sunbelt area 7 Meyer Burger / 08-2015

Decreasing LCoE opens new competitive markets w/o subsidies Residential energy tarrif c/kwh 2017 LCoE Lowest bid in 350-MW solar tender was of AED 88.8 ( USD 24.2 /EUR 21.6) per MWh   Reverse auctioning driving LCOE down – Decreasing LCoE of PV Systems allow more and more markets India, UAE adopt this methodology for large  PV self production becomes cheaper than grid- scale projects  Solar bid in Abu Dhabi it’s the cheapest based power supply  Lower LCoE enables new markets adapting contract for electricity ever signed, PV as cost competitive energy source anywhere on planet earth, using any  New markets scale in absence of subsidies technology

The ideal module design for Middle East Cope with high temperature  Low temperature coefficient  Low irradiance capability  Leveraging bifaciality Cope with hard climate conditions  Glass Glass module  Long lifetime  Accelerated degradation by higher UV irradiance and humidity exposure  High temperatures and sand erosion Cope with economic requirements  Lowest Cost of Ownership  Best LCOE 9 Meyer Burger / 08-2015

From Theory to Reality

From Theory to Reality https://www.meyerburger.com/ch/de/login UAE, Abu Dhabi ≈24% Albedo China, Yinchuan ≈16% Albedo Meyer Burger / 12-10-05 11 USA, Kalifornia ≈10% Albedo

From Theory to Reality in Abu Dhabi UAE: normalized monthly yields 01/2017 to 07/2017 135% 130% 125% 120% 115% 110% 105% 100% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Meyer Burger / August 2017  Bifacial => 30% more yield vs Mono  Bifacial => 14% more yield vs PERT Bifi UAE, Abu Dhabi ≈24% Albedo 12

Hetero Junction Technology

HJT Cell Technology : Reduced production steps and labor costs PERT/ PERL process HJT process PERT/PERL hurdles for Boron diffusion Texture mass production BSG etch a-Si front/rear side  High number of process steps  Texture Double diffusion affecting yield and TCO front/rear side efficiency distribution Phosphor diffusion Print front/rear side HJT benefits Edge isolation Curing  Less footprint and manpower due to PSG etch few process steps Test & sort  ARC Efficiency potential up to 26%  Suited for «thin wafers» due to Backside passivation  V OC increase for thin wafer Laser opening ITO Ag (screen print)  Symmetric front and backside Print rear side  Low temperature process a-Si:H (n) Print front side  n-type c-Si a-Si:H (i) «Free» bifacial cell with highest ITO a-Si:H (i) backside efficiency Ag (screen print) Firing a-Si:H (p)  Low temperature coefficient  Test & sort Lowest levelized cost of electricity 14

HJT Cell Line most promising technology to reduce LCOE MB OEM Equipment Current Activities  In house improvement of equipment and technology – Pilot line  First customer projects  Continuous cost down 15

Smart Wire Connection Technology

SWCT Module Technology : Reduced production steps increased module power Busbar Module SWCT Module Production Production SWCT = SmartWire Connection Glass preparation Technology Glass preparation  Innovative and patented Foil-Wire Foil cutting and layup Foil/Wire Assembly Electrode Concept (Dense matrix) Cell connection Cell connection  Compatible with HJT, PERC, PERT, Cell matrix layup Matrix layup & IC thin wafer and bifacial cells Interconnection Encapsulation SWCT benefits Foil cutting and layup Final assembly  Less shading reduced by 25% Encapsulation Testing  Less resistivity losses Final assembly  Cell Silver usage reduction up to 70% Testing  Efficiency gain up to 5%  Better resistance for micro cracks  Suited for «thin wafers» 17

SWCT Module Line : most promising technology for module Current Activities  In house improvement of equipment and technology – Pilot line  320 MW production (4 customers)  Continuous BOM improvement 18

Production at customers 60 cells modules -> Yield above 99% 300 modules produced 8h test after 2 months ramp up: 96 sec/module 19

Module Performance : 1000 modules Pmax Voc Isc FF [W] [V] [A] [%] 330.29 44.49 9.46 78.45% White Backsheet 320.42 44.42 9.07 79.52% Black Backsheet  1000 module produced power between 300-320W @ black backsheet 20

How economics work

All about $/Wp and $/kWh  Selling price  Capex intensity  Cost of Labor  Scale effect  Production yield and cost  Consumable pricing  Consumable usage  and/or Cell efficiency  Bifacial cell  Resistivity losses – Cell connection  CTM improvement  Lifetime/Reliability/LID/PID  Module design  New material  Installation cost  Energy harvesting  More power  Lower Cost 22

How $/Wp look like – near term Wafer/pc 1 $0.45 $0.47 P Cell 5.50W 5.80W P Module 325W 345W Step Cz pPERC Cz nHJT/SWCT $ct/Wp $ct/Wp Wafer 8.2 8.1 Cell 7.0 6.8 Module 12.0 12.0 Total 27.2 26.9 ASP 35.0 38.0 Margin 7.8 11.1 Mono PERC keeps good profit levels Best in class is Meyer Burger HJT/SWCT 1 Source: assumed cost, based on market information, e.g. LONGi PV CellTech 2016

Road to increase module power +46% 454 Weq 349 W 320 W 315 W 310 W Power Performance Improvement Today Thin Wafer Optical Efficiency Bifacial matching 24% Glass Glass design HJT/SWCT Glass Glass module 24 Meyer Burger / 08-2015

Summary

Summary  PV Module requirements in Middle East are :  Climate conditions  Energy harvesting benefits  Lowest cost of Ownership  Lowest LCOE  Meyer Burger Module technologies combining SWCT technology with HJT cell technology are a perfect match to Middle East PV requirements  This “MB module” outperforms in Outdoor Field data proof points in Abu Dhabi  Meyer Burger offers technology support throughout the PV value chain of all technology paths

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