modeling the dynamics of use and acquisition in language
play

Modeling the dynamics of use and acquisition in language change . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 09, 2023 •225 likes •1.8k views

Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion . Modeling the dynamics of use and acquisition in language change . Christopher Ahern University of Pennsylvania March 2, 2015 Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015

  1. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Acquisition Grammar n Grammar n + 1 . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 7 / 62

  2. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Acquisition Grammar n Grammar n + 1 . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 7 / 62

  3. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Acquisition Grammar n Grammar n + 1 . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 7 / 62

  4. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Acquisition Grammar n Grammar n + 1 . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 7 / 62

  5. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Language Change . . . . . . . Grammar n Grammar n + 1 Acquisition Data n Data n + 1 Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 8 / 62

  6. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Use Grammar n Grammar n . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 9 / 62

  7. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Use Grammar n Grammar n . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 9 / 62

  8. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Use Grammar n Grammar n . . . . Data n Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 9 / 62

  9. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Language Change . . . . . . . . Grammar n Grammar n + 1 Acquisition U s e Data n Data n + 1 Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 10 / 62

  10. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Language Change Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 11 / 62

  11. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion 1.00 0.75 Proportion 0.50 0.25 0.00 1200 1300 1400 1500 Year NEG V → NEG V NEG → V NEG ( USE ) ( ACQUISITION ) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 12 / 62

  12. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion 1.00 0.75 Proportion 0.50 0.25 0.00 1200 1300 1400 1500 Year NEG V → NEG V NEG → V NEG ( ACQUISITION ) ( USE ) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 13 / 62

  13. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion NEG V → NEG V NEG . . Pragmatic conditions 1 . . Experimental evidence 2 . . Information transmission 3 Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 14 / 62

  14. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Information Structure . ...the post-verbal negative element is heavily regulated by information-structural factors , and specifically by the discourse-old status of the denied proposition. . (Schwenter 2006) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 15 / 62

  15. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Status DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD NEG V NEG V NEG Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 16 / 62

  16. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Status DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD NEG V ✓ NEG V NEG # Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 16 / 62

  17. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Status DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD NEG V ✓ ✓ NEG V NEG # ✓ Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 16 / 62

  18. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse New Husband and wife expected the plumber to come fix their leaky faucet while they were at work during the day. Husband arrives home before his wife to find a still leaky faucet. Wife arrives home shortly and husband says: . (1) O bombeiro V EIO . NÃO The plumber neg came “The plumber didn’t come." (2) #O bombeiro V EIO NÃO . NÃO The plumber neg came neg “The plumber didn’t come." . Brazilian Portuguese (Schwenter 2006) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 17 / 62

  19. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Old ...Wife arrives home shortly and asks husband: . (3) O bombeiro veio hoje? The plumber came today “Did the plumber come today?" (4) a. O bombeiro NÃO V EIO . . b. O bombeiro NÃO V EIO NÃO . Brazilian Portuguese (Schwenter 2006) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 18 / 62

  20. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Inferrable ...Wife arrives home and points quizzically at sink: . (5) a. O bombeiro NÃO V EIO . b. O bombeiro NÃO V EIO NÃO . . Brazilian Portuguese (Schwenter 2006) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 19 / 62

  21. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Synchronic DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD NEG V ✓ ✓ NEG V NEG # ✓ Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 20 / 62

  22. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Communication Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 21 / 62

  23. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Communication Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 22 / 62

  24. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... . . (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 23 / 62

  25. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... . Two pairs of friends (or spouses) sat back to back . (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 23 / 62

  26. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... . Two pairs of friends (or spouses) sat back to back Read 10 four-way ambiguous sentences out loud . (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 23 / 62

  27. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... . Two pairs of friends (or spouses) sat back to back Read 10 four-way ambiguous sentences out loud Speakers have one of four intended meanings ( � , � ,...) . (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 23 / 62

  28. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... . Two pairs of friends (or spouses) sat back to back Read 10 four-way ambiguous sentences out loud Speakers have one of four intended meanings ( � , � ,...) Hearers guess intended meaning from four ( � , � ,...) . (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 23 / 62

  29. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... . Two pairs of friends (or spouses) sat back to back Read 10 four-way ambiguous sentences out loud Speakers have one of four intended meanings ( � , � ,...) Hearers guess intended meaning from four ( � , � ,...) Speakers estimate how many sentences hearers got right . (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 23 / 62

  30. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion What have you been up to... (Savitsky et al. 2011) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 24 / 62

  31. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Don’t talk about pink elephants! (Wardlow Lane, Groisman, and Ferreira 2006) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 25 / 62

  32. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Don’t talk about pink elephants! (Wardlow Lane, Groisman, and Ferreira 2006) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 26 / 62

  33. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Communication Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 27 / 62

  34. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  35. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  36. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  37. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  38. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  39. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  40. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  41. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  42. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  43. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  44. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  45. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Discourse Game t 0 : DISCOURSE NEW t 1 : DISCOURSE OLD a 0 : DISCOURSE NEW a 1 : DISCOURSE OLD t ∈ T a ∈ A . . . . . . . . . . O bombeiro O bombeiro r : M → A s : P ( T ) → M NÃO VEIO NÃO NÃO VEIO p : The plumber came. (Ahern and Clark Under Revision) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 28 / 62

  46. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion . . . . . NEG V DISCOURSE NEW NEG V NEG DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 29 / 62

  47. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b t + b t . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD p : The plumber came. Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 30 / 62

  48. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b t + b t . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD p : The plumber came. Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 30 / 62

  49. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b t + b t . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD p : The plumber came. Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 30 / 62

  50. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b t + b t . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD p : The plumber came. Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 30 / 62

  51. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Information Transmission . U S ( t , a ) = − ( a − t − ( 1 − t ) b ) 2 b (1) U R U S U R ( t , a ) = − ( a − t ) 2 . Utility 0.0 0.5 1.0 Action taken by Receiver (Crawford and Sobel 1982) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 31 / 62

  52. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  53. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  54. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  55. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  56. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  57. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  58. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  59. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  60. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion b b b b b NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG NEG V NEG a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG a NEG V NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCOURSE NEW DISCOURSE OLD Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 32 / 62

  61. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion 1.0 b > 1 0.8 4 p neg V neg 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2 4 6 8 10 Time (Discrete-time replicator dynamics, Taylor and Jonker 1978) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 33 / 62

  62. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion 1.00 0.75 Proportion 0.50 0.25 0.00 1200 1300 1400 1500 Year NEG V → NEG V NEG → V NEG ( USE ) ( ACQUISITION ) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 34 / 62

  63. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion NEG V → NEG V NEG . . Pragmatic conditions: NEG V NEG is sensitive to discourse status 1 . . Experimental evidence: speakers over-estimate discourse status 2 . . Information transmission: bias leads to increase in NEG V NEG 3 Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 35 / 62

  64. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion 1.00 0.75 Proportion 0.50 0.25 0.00 1200 1300 1400 1500 Year NEG V → NEG V NEG → V NEG ( ACQUISITION ) ( USE ) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 36 / 62

  65. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion 1.00 0.75 Proportion 0.50 0.25 0.00 1200 1300 1400 1500 Year NEG V → NEG V NEG → V NEG ( USE ) ( ACQUISITION ) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 37 / 62

  66. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion NEG V NEG → V NEG . . Variational learning 1 . . Negative evidence 2 . . Phonetic weight 3 Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 38 / 62

  67. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Variational Learning . Given input from environment E , learner chooses grammar G i with probability p i : { p ′ i = p i + γ ( 1 − p i ) If G i → s then (2) p ′ j = ( 1 − γ ) p j ∀ j ̸ = i { p ′ i = ( 1 − γ ) p i If G i ↛ s then (3) γ p ′ N − 1 +( 1 − γ ) p j j = ∀ j ̸ = i . (Yang 2000) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 39 / 62

  68. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negation G ne G not . . . . . . . α β NEG V V NEG NEG V NEG (Rowlett 1998; Wallage 2008) Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 40 / 62

  69. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

  70. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

  71. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

  72. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

  73. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

  74. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

  75. Introduction Use Acquisition Selection Conclusion Negative evidence p ne p not 1 − α α G ne G ne G ne G not G not G not p ne NEG V NEG V NEG G ne G ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p not G not p not β lim t → ∞ p not = ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not ⇓ p ne ⇑ p not ⇑ p ne ⇓ p not p ne α + p not β Ahern (UPENN) Use, Acquisition, and Change March 2, 2015 41 / 62

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend

International Conference on Motivational Dynamics and Second Language Acquisition. 28 th -30 th

International Conference on Motivational Dynamics and Second Language Acquisition. 28 th -30 th

International Conference on Motivational Dynamics and Second Language Acquisition. 28 th -30 th August, 2014. Presentation Titles and Abstracts 1 All presentations are listed in alphabetical order from the surname of the first author, after

371 views • 18 slides
First Language Acquisition: Inherent Difficulty of Language Acquisition Theories and Evidence

First Language Acquisition: Inherent Difficulty of Language Acquisition Theories and Evidence

First Language Acquisition: Theories and Evidence Course Readings Imitation vs. Rule Creation First Language Acquisition: Inherent Difficulty of Language Acquisition Theories and Evidence Universal Grammar and Language Acquisition

1.05k views • 60 slides
project Modeling infant language acquisition from parent-child interaction Tove Gerholm &

project Modeling infant language acquisition from parent-child interaction Tove Gerholm &

The Swedish MINT- project Modeling infant language acquisition from parent-child interaction Tove Gerholm & David Pagmar International workshop on Department of Linguistics Assessment of Multimodal Multilingual Stockholm University

622 views • 20 slides
Language Modeling CSE354 - Spring 2020 Task Language Modeling Probabilistic Modeling

Language Modeling CSE354 - Spring 2020 Task Language Modeling Probabilistic Modeling

Language Modeling CSE354 - Spring 2020 Task Language Modeling Probabilistic Modeling h o w ? (i.e. auto-complete) Probability Theory Logistic Regression Sequence Modeling Language Modeling -- assigning a

761 views • 53 slides
Linguistics 101 Language Acquisition Language Acquisition All (normal) human children...

Linguistics 101 Language Acquisition Language Acquisition All (normal) human children...

Linguistics 101 Language Acquisition Language Acquisition All (normal) human children... learn a language. can learn any language they are exposed to. learn all languages at basically the same rate. follow the same stages of

1.09k views • 33 slides
1 min 1-1 P ( W ) , W = w ; w ; : : : ; w 1 2 n Basic Language Modeling Estimate

1 min 1-1 P ( W ) , W = w ; w ; : : : ; w 1 2 n Basic Language Modeling Estimate

Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling Basic Language Modeling: Ciprian Chelba, Frederick Jelinek Model Component Parameterization A Structured Language Model: Pruning Strategy Language Model Requirements Word

579 views • 31 slides
LCS 11: Cognitive Science Results of evaluations Perception in language acquisition Language

LCS 11: Cognitive Science Results of evaluations Perception in language acquisition Language

Agenda Pomona College LCS 11: Cognitive Science Results of evaluations Perception in language acquisition Language acquisition 2 Prosody in womb Categorical percetion Loss of perceptual ability Jesse A. Harris Effects of

568 views • 4 slides
Language Acquisition of Multiword Expressions from language technology to language learners

Language Acquisition of Multiword Expressions from language technology to language learners

Language Acquisition of Multiword Expressions from language technology to language learners Aline Villavicencio Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Saarbrcken, January, 2013 Introduction State of the

728 views • 68 slides
Language Acquisition of Multiword Expressions from language technology to language learners

Language Acquisition of Multiword Expressions from language technology to language learners

Language Acquisition of Multiword Expressions from language technology to language learners Aline Villavicencio Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Montevideo, November 8, 2012 Introduction A platform

978 views • 69 slides
Introduction 2 Today the applications of research findings in first language acquisition are

Introduction 2 Today the applications of research findings in first language acquisition are

1 Applied Linguistics LANE 423 Chapter 3: Age and Acquisition Spring 2011 Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi Introduction 2 Today the applications of research findings in first language acquisition are widespread. In language arts education,

1.51k views • 65 slides
Modelica/Scicos Modelica : language for modeling physical systems. Originally continuous-time

Modelica/Scicos Modelica : language for modeling physical systems. Originally continuous-time

Hybrid dynamics in Modelica: should all events be considered synchronous Ramine Nikoukhah INRIA EOOLT 2007 Modelica/Scicos Modelica : language for modeling physical systems. Originally continuous-time modeling extended to discrete-time.

489 views • 12 slides
Language Modeling Michael Collins, Columbia University Overview The language modeling problem

Language Modeling Michael Collins, Columbia University Overview The language modeling problem

Language Modeling Michael Collins, Columbia University Overview The language modeling problem Trigram models Evaluating language models: perplexity Estimation techniques: Linear interpolation Discounting methods The

791 views • 57 slides
Language Modeling CSE392 - Spring 2019 Special Topic in CS Task Probabilistic Modeling

Language Modeling CSE392 - Spring 2019 Special Topic in CS Task Probabilistic Modeling

Language Modeling CSE392 - Spring 2019 Special Topic in CS Task Probabilistic Modeling how? Language Modeling ML: Logistic Regression (auto-complete) Probability Theory Language Modeling -- assigning a probability to

704 views • 49 slides
Stages of Language Acquisition Learning In-Utero Stages of Babbling Stages of Phonemic

Stages of Language Acquisition Learning In-Utero Stages of Babbling Stages of Phonemic

Stages of Language Acquisition Course Readings The Stages of Language Acquisition Language Stages of Language Acquisition Learning In-Utero Stages of Babbling Stages of Phonemic Learning How Kids Learn Phonemes Stages of

1.18k views • 68 slides
Language Modeling Hsin-min Wang References: 1. X. Huang et. al., Spoken Language Processing,

Language Modeling Hsin-min Wang References: 1. X. Huang et. al., Spoken Language Processing,

Language Modeling Hsin-min Wang References: 1. X. Huang et. al., Spoken Language Processing, Chapter 11 2. R. Rosenfeld, Two Decades of Statistical Language Modeling: Where Do We Go from Here?, Proceedings of IEEE, August, 2000 3. Joshua

648 views • 63 slides
The Language Modeling Problem We have some vocabulary, say V = { the, a, man, telescope,

The Language Modeling Problem We have some vocabulary, say V = { the, a, man, telescope,

The Language Modeling Problem We have some vocabulary, say V = { the, a, man, telescope, Beckham, two , . . . } We have an (infinite) set of strings, V 6.864 (Fall 2006): Lecture 3 Smoothed Estimation, and Language Modeling the a

398 views • 11 slides
INF4820 Algorithms for AI and NLP Summing up Exam preparations Murhaf Fares &

INF4820 Algorithms for AI and NLP Summing up Exam preparations Murhaf Fares &

INF4820 Algorithms for AI and NLP Summing up Exam preparations Murhaf Fares & Stephan Oepen Language Technology Group (LTG) November 22, 2017 Topics for today Summing-up High-level overview of the most important points

721 views • 48 slides
CMSC5743 L06: Binary/Ternary Network Bei Yu (Latest update: November 2, 2020) Fall 2020 1 / 21

CMSC5743 L06: Binary/Ternary Network Bei Yu (Latest update: November 2, 2020) Fall 2020 1 / 21

CMSC5743 L06: Binary/Ternary Network Bei Yu (Latest update: November 2, 2020) Fall 2020 1 / 21 These slides contain/adapt materials developed by Ritchie Zhao et al. (2017). Accelerating binarized convolutional neural networks with

782 views • 56 slides
Soft SUSY breaking in Type IIA flux compactifications Dagoberto Escobar Instituto de F sica

Soft SUSY breaking in Type IIA flux compactifications Dagoberto Escobar Instituto de F sica

Soft SUSY breaking in Type IIA flux compactifications Dagoberto Escobar Instituto de F sica Te orica UAM-CSIC V PostGraduate Meeting on Theoretical Physics Oviedo, November 2016 Work in progress with W. Staessens & F. Marchesano

540 views • 42 slides
terminal rasa every music begins with silence Introduction How can the user interact

terminal rasa every music begins with silence Introduction How can the user interact

terminal rasa every music begins with silence Introduction How can the user interact with the software? What is the concept of the interface? interface problem Two perspectives of the interface problem: The developer

325 views • 10 slides
Joint E oint Eur uropean opean Stak Stakeholder Gr eholder Group oup Tuesday 17 March 2015:

Joint E oint Eur uropean opean Stak Stakeholder Gr eholder Group oup Tuesday 17 March 2015:

Joint E oint Eur uropean opean Stak Stakeholder Gr eholder Group oup Tuesday 17 March 2015: Meeting 1 1. Introductions and Apologies Barbara Vest JESG Independent Chair 2. Appr pproval val of of JES JESG T G Ter erms of ms of Ref

778 views • 63 slides
Distributions for Higgs + Jet at Hadron Colliders: MSSM vs SM Oliver Brein Institute for

Distributions for Higgs + Jet at Hadron Colliders: MSSM vs SM Oliver Brein Institute for

Distributions for Higgs + Jet at Hadron Colliders: MSSM vs SM Oliver Brein Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, University of Durham in collaboration with W. Hollik [see also 0705.2744 [hep-ph]; hep-ph/0305321] e-mail:

747 views • 31 slides
ELASTOPOLE Networking meeting Grand Ouest Competitiveness cluster for the rubber and

ELASTOPOLE Networking meeting Grand Ouest Competitiveness cluster for the rubber and

ELASTOPOLE Networking meeting Grand Ouest Competitiveness cluster for the rubber and polymers sector - 29 mars 2017 Maj le 22/03/17 THE CLUSTER TERRITORY AND MISSIONS An inter-regional cluster with a national 4 main regions : Centre val

280 views • 16 slides
A digital resources warehouse as a playground for the future Internet Eric Fleury, ENS de Lyon

A digital resources warehouse as a playground for the future Internet Eric Fleury, ENS de Lyon

A digital resources warehouse as a playground for the future Internet Eric Fleury, ENS de Lyon / Inria Serge Fdida, UPMC Sorbonne Universits & CNRS Runion TGIR 31 Mars 2016 Inauguration R2Lab, 9 novembre 2016 Digital transformation

721 views • 33 slides

More recommend