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Institute of Business Information Systems
Outline
- Motivation
- Meta Model for Tradeoff Strategies
- Transformation
- Example
- Conclusion
Model-driven Specification of Strategies for Negotiating Agents Ren - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Model-driven Specification of Strategies for Negotiating Agents Ren - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Institute of Business Information Systems Model-driven Specification of Strategies for Negotiating Agents Ren Schumann , Zijad Kurtanovic, and Ingo J. Timm Valencia, May 4 th 2012 Institute of Business Information Systems Outline
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Motivation
- Agents should negotiate on behalf of humans
- Responsibility remains on the humans
- Outcomes have to be predictable
– By guarantees – Specify the strategies of the agents
- Mismatch between capability and
responsibility (programmer vs. manager)
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Idea
- Allow managers to specify the negotiation
strategy for “its” agent.
- Using MDD techniques to automate the
translation from manager to agent (based on the ECore meta model)
- Focus: Tradeoff strategies
– A set of tradeoff relations which defines a preference between two assignments of negotiation attributes
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Institute of Business Information Systems
The Meta-Model
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Institute of Business Information Systems
The Meta-Model
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Institute of Business Information Systems
- For the most important concepts graphical
representations have been defined e.g.:
– Negotiation Strategy
Graphical Representation
<Service Name>
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Institute of Business Information Systems
- For the most important concepts graphical
representations have been defined e.g.:
– Negotiation Strategy – Negotiation Attribute
Graphical Representation
<Service Name>
Price
[120,270]
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Institute of Business Information Systems
- For the most important concepts graphical
representations have been defined e.g.:
– Negotiation Strategy – Negotiation Attribute – Trade-off relation
Graphical Representation
<Service Name>
Price
[120,270]
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Institute of Business Information Systems
- For the most important concepts graphical
representations have been defined e.g.:
– Negotiation Strategy – Negotiation Attribute – Trade-off relation
- But currently no graphical editor is implemented
Graphical Representation
<Service Name>
Price
[120,270]
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Institute of Business Information Systems
How to edit it now (Eclipse Widget)
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Case Study: Scenario
- Bilateral Negotiation
– Multiple parameters – preference over outcome – Minimal information disclosure – Minimal relaxing of desires
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Strategies
Buyer’s strategy
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Strategies
Buyer’s strategy Seller’s strategy
Price
[120,270] (230,2)
Contract duration
{6,12,18,24} (200,18)
Accounting period
{1,3,6}
<Service Name>
(10) (7)
Timeliness
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Transformation
- Use a relational representation
– Computation can be done at compile time – Fast at run time (negotiation time)
Algorithm 1 Pseudo code of the tree transformation algorithm
function generateTables(set of trees forming a tradeoff strategy) for each Tree do generate a representation set of the root Call InduceRepresentationSet(root) end for end function function InduceRepresentationSet(Node X) if X NOT ROOT then Induce a representation set from X end if for each Child-Node C of X do InduceRepresentationSet(C) end for end function
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Transformed Strategies
Price
[120,270] (230,2)
Contract duration
{6,12,18,24} (200,18)
Accounting period
{1,3,6}
<Service Name>
(10) (7)
Timeliness
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Negotiation Round 1
Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 160 Seller Performative: Check (PR:150,AC:4,CD:18,AP:1) Round 2 Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 160 ∧ AC ≤3 Seller Performative: Relax Round 3 Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 145 ∧ AC ≤3 Seller Performative: Relax Round 4 Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 175 ∧ AC ≤3 Seller Performative: Check (PR:165,AC:2,CD:18,AP:1) Round 5 Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 175 ∧ AC ≤3 ∧ CD ≤ 13 Seller Performative: Relax Round 6 Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 190 ∧ AC ≤3 ∧ CD ≤ 15 Seller Performative: Check (PR:180,AC:2,CD:12,AP:1) Round 7 Buyer Performative: Find Constraint: PR ≤ 190 ∧ AC ≤3 ∧ CD ≤ 15 ∧ AP ≥ 2 Seller Performative: Check (PR:180,AC:2,CD:12,AP:3) Round 8 Buyer Performative: Deal Table 1. Full negotiation trace of buyer and seller (PR: price, AC actuality, CD c
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Institute of Business Information Systems
Conclusion
- MDD approach to close the gap between
responsibility and capability for agent-based negotiations
- Bottom-up approach that can be integrated in
- ther MDD approaches (top-down)
- Vision: Managers can specify strategies by
themselves.
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