Micronutrient Bioavailability and the African Soil Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Micronutrient Bioavailability and the African Soil Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 14, 2023 50 likes •354 views

Micronutrient Bioavailability and the African Soil Information Service Steve McGrath Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Soil Food Chain Humans (and animals) Background GeoNutrition examples AfSIS developments Antimicrobial

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Micronutrient Bioavailability and the African Soil Information Service

Steve McGrath Sustainable Agriculture Sciences

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Soil – Food Chain – Humans (and animals)

  • Background
  • GeoNutrition examples
  • AfSIS developments
  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Soil microbiome
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A growing nutritional crisis

  • Malnutrition : stunting, wasting, deficiencies of

essential vitamins and minerals, and obesity.

  • Overweight, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases

such as diabetes and hypertension

  • More than 2 bn people lack vital micronutrients (e.g.,

iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A) which affects their health and life expectancy.

  • 25% children <5 y today are stunted, with diminished

physical and mental capacities. Undernourished mothers are having babies who will be left with life- long impairments.

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Food systems and diets

  • Malnutrition no.1 risk factor in the global burden of disease
  • Food systems are not delivering healthy diets
  • Potential interventions
  • Fertiliser (agronomic biofortification)
  • Genetically biofortified crops
  • Alter diet
  • Dietary fortification (supplementation)
  • Iodised salt
  • 1. Selenium example
  • 2. AfSIS/iSDA developments
  • 3. Ongoing GeoNutrition projects
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  • 1. Selenium
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  • Mortality
  • Poor immune function
  • Impaired thyroid function
  • Male infertility
  • Increased risk of cancer??
  • Cardiovascular disorders

(e.g. Keshan disease)

  • Animals:

fertility, white muscle disease

Increased health risks associated with low Se status:

  • Prostate cancer

Depression, cretinism Heart disease Colon cancer

protection against:

Thyroid disorders Lung cancer Asthma Kashin-Beck disease Eye disease Infertility Cognition

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Potential factors affecting Se bioavailability – assessed

Jones et al, PNAS, 2017, 114, 2848–2853.

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Predicted changes in soil Se concentrations `

Predicted change in topsoil Se concentrations

Jones et al, PNAS, 2017, 114, 2848–2853.

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Selenium supply in Malawi: soil and grain surveys

Dr Allan Chilimba Prof Martin Broadley

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0.325 mg kg-1 0.021 mg kg-1

Selenium supply in Malawi: maize-grain survey

Chilimba ADC, Young SD, Black CR, Rogerson KB, Ander EL, Watts M, Lammel J, Broadley MR (2011). Maize grain and soil surveys reveal suboptimal dietary selenium intake is widespread in Malawi. Scientific Reports, 1, 72.

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Selenium supply in Malawi: maize-grain survey

Chilimba ADC, Young SD, Black CR, Rogerson KB, Ander EL, Watts M, Lammel J, Broadley MR (2011). Maize grain and soil surveys reveal suboptimal dietary selenium intake is widespread in Malawi. Scientific Reports, 1, 72.

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Blood plasma Se (µg L-1) 50 100 150 200 250

50 100 150 200

Urinary Se (µg L

Chifundo Chamwaka Billy Yolamu Yesaya Jere Ngayiwona Msekeni Kenani Bandawe Tembo

20 40 60 80 100 50 100 150 200

Dietary Se intake (mg d-1) 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Mozyenti Moses Chimkango Chifundo Chamwaka Billy Yolamu Yesaya Jere Ngayiwona Msekeni Kenani Bandawe Tembo

0.0 0.1 0.2

(a) (b)

Hurst R, Siyame E, Young SD et al. (2013)

Soil geochemistry linked to selenium intake…

Hurst R, Siyame E, Young SD et al. Nat Sci Rep (2013)

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Blood plasma Se (µg L-1) 50 100 150 200 250

50 100 150 200

Urinary Se (µg L

Chifundo Chamwaka Billy Yolamu Yesaya Jere Ngayiwona Msekeni Kenani Bandawe Tembo

20 40 60 80 100 50 100 150 200

Dietary Se intake (mg d-1) 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Mozyenti Moses Chimkango Chifundo Chamwaka Billy Yolamu Yesaya Jere Ngayiwona Msekeni Kenani Bandawe Tembo

0.0 0.1 0.2

(a) (b)

Soil geochemistry linked to selenium intake… …and status

Hurst R, Siyame E, Young SD et al. Nat Sci Rep (2013)

= GeoNutrition!

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Chilimba ADC et al. (2012). Field Crops Research 125: 118-128

Se application (g Se ha-1) 10 20 30 Grain Se (mg Se kg-1) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Liquid drench y = 0.019x + 0.061 CAN+Se (granular) y = 0.015x + 0.085 NPK+Se (granular) y = 0.022x + 0.056

~0.02 mg Se kg-1 grain / g-1 Se ha-1

Agronomic biofortification Malawi: results summary

UK wheat – just as low/responsive to Se

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  • 2. AfSIS/iSDA

Geospatially explicit information

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Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS)

africasoils.net

Supply a wide range of decision makers (governments, industry, service providers, farmers) with business relevant soil, crop, and land information services for specific use cases

Rothamsted led from Nov 2016-18 ICRAF, EI, ISRIC, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Ghana & Nigeria national SIS Now: iSDA Ltd – innovative Solutions for Decision Agriculture Company recently set up in UK, 2018

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Consistent field protocol Soil spectroscopy Coupling with remote sensing Prevalence, Risk factors, Digital mapping Sentinel sites Randomized sampling schemes

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High throughput MIR (Mid Infrared) analysis for a range of properties pXRF (portable X-Ray Fluorescence) elemental analysis XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) mineralogy analysis Dry and wet laser particle size analysis Soil Plant

New dry spectral lab at Rothamsted

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SOIL PLANT FERTILISER

Calibration of dry spectral instruments

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  • Conc. XRF

XRF Concentration (%) Concentration (%)

1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • Conc. XRF

XRF Concentration (%) Concentration (%)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • Conc. XRF

XRF Concentration (%) Concentration (%)

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cali libration of th the XRF

Plant, soil, fertiliser and organic manures

Plant standards (n = 67) analysed using ICP-OES/ICP-MS and XRF:

potassium- r = 0.95 phosphorus- r = 0.94 zinc- r = 0.99

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AfSIS lab Arusha, Tanzania

Isaac Leramo

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Africa 2016 cropland area

p(CP)

2016 cropland area estimate ~6.7 M km2 (of the total 30 M km2, African continent)

GeoSurvey - crowdsource

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Predicted topsoil (0-20 cm) pH

pH < 5.5 = ~447 M ha

pH

Croplands with probable lime requirement

CROP & pH < 5.5 = ~85 M ha

GeoSurvey – crowdsource MobileSurvey – sampling app Dry spectroscopy techniques

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mg/kg

Predicted topsoil (0-20 cm) extractable Zn

GeoSurvey – crowdsource MobileSurvey – sampling app Dry spectroscopy techniques

Blue or light blue – critical for crop growth

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EthioSIS

Courtesy of Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture/ ATA

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Courtesy of Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture/ ATA

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Courtesy of Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture/ ATA

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Ethiopia (AAU, ATA) Malawi (DARS, MoH, CHSU, LUANAR) Human biomarkers Dietary intakes Diet Crops Soil properties n Soil properties 3 Soil properties 2 Soil properties 1 Data layers:

3. .

Geo: Geospatially resolved information Geography Geochemistry Crops Climate etc

1 2

Pilot areas, mapping, linkages Most cropland, Mapping, linkages, intervention studies

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Conclusions

  • Biofortification method – depends on the nutrient
  • f interest
  • Micronutrient content depends on variety, soil

conditions, climate

  • Need diagnostics, and spatially explicit

recommended interventions

  • Collaboration
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Acknowledgements

Ethiopia (AAU, ATA) Malawi (DARS, MoH, CHSU, LUANAR)