Slide 1 / 47 Slide 2 / 47 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org Mendelian Genetics & and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be Inheritance Patterns used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, Multiple Choice participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course Review materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 47 Slide 4 / 47 1 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced a theory about 2 Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our inheritance in the early 1800s. Which of the understanding of inheritance today. In his following accurately describes his Theory of experiments he tracked seven visual traits of pea Acquired Characteristics? plants and ensured that they produced offspring identical to themselves. What are the terms that we used to identify two separate factors? A Offspring traits are the result of the blending of traits from the parents. A genotype; true breeding B Offspring traits are the result of parent individuals modifying their traits due to use or non-use. genotype; cross breeding B C Traits are acquired from genes, and arise only from the phenotype; true breeding C mother not from the father. phenotype; cross breeding D D Traits are acquired from grandparents and skip the parent generation altogether. Slide 5 / 47 Slide 6 / 47 3 Mendel crossed two plants, called the P 4 Mendel observed patterns of inheritance for all of generation. The offspring of this cross are known the traits he tested. The F1 generation all had a as hybrids. What are hybrids? phenotype identical to one of the parents in the P generation. What results did he find for the F2 phenotypes? A The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they contain two genes, one of each allele. A ½ had the phenotype of one P generation plant; ½ had the B The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for phenotype of the F1 parents. each trait, both carrying the recessive allele. B ¼ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¾ had the C The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for phenotype of one of the P generation parents. each trait, both carrying the dominant allele. C ¾ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¼ had the D The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they phenotype of one of the P generation parents. contain two genes of identical alleles. D The results were not repeatable and identical for the F2 generation, only for the F1 generation.
Slide 7 / 47 Slide 8 / 47 Below is a Punnett square showing a cross 5 Which of the following statements best describes between two parents. Use this information to one aspect of the chromosomal theory of respond to the next five questions. inheritance, posited after Mendel’s time? P generation: BB x bb A Chromosomes account for all of the phenotypic traits Complete dominance: B = black rat b = white rat found in every organism. B The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are actually single chromosomes. C Chromosomes can be found within alleles, accounting for different phenotypic traits. D The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are actually genes located on chromosomes. Slide 9 / 47 Slide 10 / 47 6 Referring to the Punnett square above, which of 7 Using the information in the Punnett square the following accurately represents the above, how would we refer to the parents and the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 offspring? generation? A One parent homozygous, one is heterozygous, the A Phenotypic ratio 100% white, genotypic ratio 100% Bb. offspring are homozygous B Genotypic ratio 100% black, phenotypic ratio 100% Bb B One parent is homozygous dominant, one parent is homozygous recessive, the offspring are heterozygous C Phenotypic ratio 100% black, genotypic ration 100% Bb One parent is homozygous dominant , one parent is D Phenotypic ratio 50% black, 50% white, genotypic ratio heterozygous recessive, the offspring are homozygous C 100% Bb dominant D One parent is heterozygous dominant, one is heterozygous recessive, the offspring are heterozygous dominant Slide 11 / 47 Slide 12 / 47 8 If we were to cross the offspring in the Punnett 9 Mendel used dihybrid crosses in an effort to square above (known as the F1 generation) what uncover more information about inheritance will be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the patterns. From this he developed two laws of F2 generation? inheritance. Which of the following accurately described the law of segregation? A Phenotypic ratio 3:1; genotypic ratio 1:2:1 A This law states that alleles, on different chromosomes, will B Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1, genotypic ration 3:1 be inherited independently of one another. C Phenotypic ratio 3:1, genotypic ration 3:1 B This law states that gametes each carry only one allele for D Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1, genotypic ration 1:2:1 a trait, to be combined when fertilization occurs. C This law states that gametes carry two alleles for each trait to ensure adequate inheritance by offspring. D This law states that alleles, on the same chromosome, will be inherited independently of one another.
Slide 13 / 47 Slide 14 / 47 10 What is considered to be incomplete dominance? A When the phenotype of the hybrid is the same as for the A cross occurs between a black homozygous homozygous recessive. mouse and a white homozygous mouse. They B When the phenotype of the hybrid is the same as for the produce gray offspring. Use this scenario to homozygous dominant. respond to the next three questions: C When the phenotype of the hybrid shows an in-between phenotype of the two parents. D Then the phenotype of the homozygous dominant shows an in-between phenotype of the two parents. Slide 15 / 47 Slide 16 / 47 11 What type of dominance is reflected in the 12 What are the percentage probabilities for the scenario above? genotype and phenotype of the offspring? A codominance A 100% black; 100% Bb incomplete dominance 100% gray; 100% bb B B complete dominance 100% white; 75% Bb, 25% bb C C D blending of genes D 100% gray; 100% Bb Slide 17 / 47 Slide 18 / 47 13 Referring to the mouse scenario noted above, 14 A cross occurs between a chicken with white what is the percentage phenotypic probability if feathers and a chicken with black feathers. This we cross two gray mice from the F1 generation? results in offspring with some black feathers and some white feathers. What type of inheritance is this? A 100% black 75%gray; 25% white B A incomplete dominance 25% black; 50% gray; 25% white C complete dominance B 50% black; 50% white D codominance C blended dominance D
Slide 19 / 47 Slide 20 / 47 15 Sickle cell disease is the result of one gene 16 Polygenic inheritance refers to which of the abnormality. When two recessive alleles occur, following conditions of inheritance? sickle cell disease is inherited. The disease results in mis-shaped hemoglobin. What type of molecule is hemoglobin? A When one allele affects more than one trait. B When multiple alleles affect one trait. A protein C When multiple alleles affect multiple traits. D When one allele dominates another allele. carbohydrate B lipid C RNA D Slide 21 / 47 Slide 22 / 47 17 A group of individuals have lived for generations on an island. Their average height is 5 feet 2 inches. Eventually, ships stop by the islands bringing more fruits, vegetables and meats to their diet and more food overall. While the islanders continue to marry islanders and A man who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis marries a produce children, over generations the average woman who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis. Respond height of the islander population reaches 5 feet 6 to the next three questions based upon this scenario. inches. What was most likely the main factor in this change? A changes and mutations in the genes within the island population of islanders B changes in nutrition that affected the phenotype, fully expressing the genotype C an influx of new genes from the incoming human population D the effect of medications brought by the ships stopping at the island Slide 23 / 47 Slide 24 / 47 18 What is the percentage probability that this couple 19 What is the percentage probability that they will will have a child with cystic fibrosis? have a child who is a carrier? A 50% A 50% 100% 100% B B 75% 75% C C 25% 25% D D
Recommend
More recommend
