Mendelian Genetics & and is intended for the non-commercial use - PDF document

Slide 1 / 47 Slide 2 / 47 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org Mendelian Genetics & and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be Inheritance Patterns used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, Multiple Choice participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course Review materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 47 Slide 3 (Answer) / 47 1 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced a theory about 1 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced a theory about inheritance in the early 1800s. Which of the inheritance in the early 1800s. Which of the following accurately describes his Theory of following accurately describes his Theory of Acquired Characteristics? Acquired Characteristics? Answer Answer A Offspring traits are the result of the blending of traits from A Offspring traits are the result of the blending of traits from B the parents. the parents. B Offspring traits are the result of parent individuals B Offspring traits are the result of parent individuals modifying their traits due to use or non-use. modifying their traits due to use or non-use. C Traits are acquired from genes, and arise only from the C Traits are acquired from genes, and arise only from the [This object is a pull tab] mother not from the father. mother not from the father. D Traits are acquired from grandparents and skip the parent D Traits are acquired from grandparents and skip the parent generation altogether. generation altogether. Slide 4 / 47 Slide 4 (Answer) / 47 2 Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our 2 Gregor Mendel was a critical contributor to our understanding of inheritance today. In his understanding of inheritance today. In his experiments he tracked seven visual traits of pea experiments he tracked seven visual traits of pea plants and ensured that they produced offspring plants and ensured that they produced offspring identical to themselves. What are the terms that identical to themselves. What are the terms that we used to identify two separate factors? we used to identify two separate factors? Answer Answer C A genotype; true breeding A genotype; true breeding B genotype; cross breeding B genotype; cross breeding phenotype; true breeding phenotype; true breeding C C [This object is a pull tab] phenotype; cross breeding phenotype; cross breeding D D

Slide 5 / 47 Slide 5 (Answer) / 47 3 Mendel crossed two plants, called the P 3 Mendel crossed two plants, called the P generation. The offspring of this cross are known generation. The offspring of this cross are known as hybrids. What are hybrids? as hybrids. What are hybrids? A The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they A The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they Answer Answer contain two genes, one of each allele. contain two genes, one of each allele. A B The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for B The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for each trait, both carrying the recessive allele. each trait, both carrying the recessive allele. C The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for C The result of a hybrid cross; they contain two genes for each trait, both carrying the dominant allele. each trait, both carrying the dominant allele. [This object is a pull tab] D The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they D The result of crossing two true breeding plants; they contain two genes of identical alleles. contain two genes of identical alleles. Slide 6 / 47 Slide 6 (Answer) / 47 4 Mendel observed patterns of inheritance for all of 4 Mendel observed patterns of inheritance for all of the traits he tested. The F1 generation all had a the traits he tested. The F1 generation all had a phenotype identical to one of the parents in the P phenotype identical to one of the parents in the P generation. What results did he find for the F2 generation. What results did he find for the F2 phenotypes? phenotypes? Answer Answer A ½ had the phenotype of one P generation plant; ½ had the A ½ had the phenotype of one P generation plant; ½ had the C phenotype of the F1 parents. phenotype of the F1 parents. B ¼ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¾ had the B ¼ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¾ had the phenotype of one of the P generation parents. phenotype of one of the P generation parents. C ¾ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¼ had the C ¾ had the phenotype of the F1 generation and ¼ had the [This object is a pull tab] phenotype of one of the P generation parents. phenotype of one of the P generation parents. D The results were not repeatable and identical for the F2 D The results were not repeatable and identical for the F2 generation, only for the F1 generation. generation, only for the F1 generation. Slide 7 / 47 Slide 7 (Answer) / 47 5 Which of the following statements best describes 5 Which of the following statements best describes one aspect of the chromosomal theory of one aspect of the chromosomal theory of inheritance, posited after Mendel’s time? inheritance, posited after Mendel’s time? A Chromosomes account for all of the phenotypic traits A Chromosomes account for all of the phenotypic traits Answer Answer D found in every organism. found in every organism. B The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are B The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are actually single chromosomes. actually single chromosomes. C Chromosomes can be found within alleles, accounting for C Chromosomes can be found within alleles, accounting for [This object is a pull tab] different phenotypic traits. different phenotypic traits. D The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are D The hereditary factors from Mendel’s experiments are actually genes located on chromosomes. actually genes located on chromosomes.

Slide 8 / 47 Slide 9 / 47 Below is a Punnett square showing a cross 6 Referring to the Punnett square above, which of between two parents. Use this information to the following accurately represents the respond to the next five questions. phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 generation? P generation: BB x bb Complete dominance: B = black rat b = white rat Answer A Phenotypic ratio 100% white, genotypic ratio 100% Bb. B Genotypic ratio 100% black, phenotypic ratio 100% Bb C Phenotypic ratio 100% black, genotypic ration 100% Bb D Phenotypic ratio 50% black, 50% white, genotypic ratio 100% Bb Slide 9 (Answer) / 47 Slide 10 / 47 6 Referring to the Punnett square above, which of 7 Using the information in the Punnett square the following accurately represents the above, how would we refer to the parents and the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 offspring? generation? A One parent homozygous, one is heterozygous, the Answer Answer A Phenotypic ratio 100% white, genotypic ratio 100% Bb. offspring are homozygous C B Genotypic ratio 100% black, phenotypic ratio 100% Bb B One parent is homozygous dominant, one parent is homozygous recessive, the offspring are heterozygous C Phenotypic ratio 100% black, genotypic ration 100% Bb One parent is homozygous dominant , one parent is D Phenotypic ratio 50% black, 50% white, genotypic ratio heterozygous recessive, the offspring are homozygous C 100% Bb [This object is a pull tab] dominant D One parent is heterozygous dominant, one is heterozygous recessive, the offspring are heterozygous dominant Slide 10 (Answer) / 47 Slide 11 / 47 7 Using the information in the Punnett square 8 If we were to cross the offspring in the Punnett above, how would we refer to the parents and the square above (known as the F1 generation) what offspring? will be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F2 generation? A One parent homozygous, one is heterozygous, the Answer Answer A Phenotypic ratio 3:1; genotypic ratio 1:2:1 offspring are homozygous B B Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1, genotypic ration 3:1 B One parent is homozygous dominant, one parent is homozygous recessive, the offspring are heterozygous C Phenotypic ratio 3:1, genotypic ration 3:1 One parent is homozygous dominant , one parent is D Phenotypic ratio 1:2:1, genotypic ration 1:2:1 C heterozygous recessive, the offspring are homozygous [This object is a pull tab] dominant D One parent is heterozygous dominant, one is heterozygous recessive, the offspring are heterozygous dominant