Mechanical Mechanical Splices Splices A superior splice system of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mechanical Mechanical Splices Splices

A superior splice system of high performance and reliability A superior splice system of high performance and reliability

Outline

• Introduction.
• Lap Splices vs. Mechanical Couplers.
• INCON 3rd Generation Swaging System.

2

• INCON 3

Generation Swaging System.

• INCON Coupler Types.
• INCON Bar Terminator (End Anchor).
• Testing Results.

• INCON is a Canadian company

specialized in design, development and production of high quality steel products.

Introduction

3

• Through collaboration with Western University,

INCON developed their innovative couplers and bar terminators.

• INCON

manufacturing plants produce

• ver

10,000,000 couplers per year. These couplers are distributed all over the world.

Introduction

• INCON couplers are tested and proven to work.

They meet all international codes and standards.

• We believe INCON Coupler to be the most effective

and useful couplers on the market.

4

• Our products are:

1. ICS ICS – Standard couplers. 2. ICP ICP – Position couplers.

Introduction

2. ICP ICP – Position couplers. 3. ICST ICST – Transition couplers. 4. ICT ICT – Rebar Terminator (End Anchor).

5

• Traditionally,

reinforcement has been connected by overlapping two parallel bars and securing them using tie wires.

Lap Splices vs. Mechanical Couplers

• The design and construction processes of

lap splices can be very tedious tedious and time time consuming consuming as they rely

• n

several parameters that govern their structural integrity and performance.

6

Lap Splices vs. Mechanical Couplers

• According to the American

Concrete Institute (ACI), there are many situations where couplers are more practical practical and cost cost effective effective

7

practical practical and cost cost effective effective than lap splices.

• Couplers should

should be used instead of lap splices in the following conditions:

Lap Splices vs. Mechanical Couplers

• 1. Where large size bars are used.
• 2. Where spacing is insufficient to permit lap splices.
• 3. When code requirements result in very long lap splices.

8

Lap Splices vs. Mechanical Couplers

• 4. To satisfy the maximum steel Rft. ratio of columns.
• 5. When new bars must be connected to the existing ones.
• 6. When members may be subjected to seismic loads.

9

Lap Splices vs. Mechanical Couplers

10

• INCON Swaging

Swaging Coupler Coupler System System (IC) (IC) is a superior splice system of high performance and reliability.

INCON 3rd Generation Swaging System

• At INCON, we developed our

11

• At INCON, we developed our
• wn

3 3rd

rd

generation generation swaging swaging machine machine which makes the swaging process much faster and more accurate.

• The swaging process does not reduce the bar sectional area

to ensure its ultimate capacity is maintained.

• The sectional area of the thread on the couplers is greater

than that of the bar.

INCON 3rd Generation Swaging System

than that of the bar.

12

INCON Coupler Types

ICS ICS – – Standard Coupler Standard Coupler

13

ICP ICP – – Position Coupler Position Coupler ICST ICST – – Transition Coupler Transition Coupler

• Composed of a female and a male coupler pressed on

two bars of the same size to be connected.

ICS – Standard Coupler

14

• Widely

used for general applications where the rotation and axial movement of one rebar is allowed.

ICS – Standard Coupler

15

• Main Features:
• 1. Applicable for high strength bars up to ASTM Grade 75.

2. Easy and highly efficient for construction on site.

ICS – Standard Coupler

3. Accurate splice length control due to the precise joint.

• 4. Highly reliable due to our swaging technology and

improved design of the coupler.

16

• Composed of female couplers and an extended coupler

assembly, pressed on two bars to be connected.

ICP – Position Coupler

17

• The rebar remains in its position and no rotation or

movement is needed for either rebar while the gap is covered.

ICP – Position Coupler

18

• Suitable for the most challenging

connections where the bar must be positioned accurately while rotation is not allowed such as in a steel cage.

ICP – Position Coupler

a steel cage.

• The deviation adjustability makes

the cage connection easy and accurate.

19

ICP – Position Coupler

Step 1

Erect the steel cages on site

Step 2

Place the steel cage in its position

Step 3

Connect the cages using ICP couplers

20

• Composed of a female and a male coupler pressed on

two bars of different sizes to be connected.

ICST – Transition Coupler

21

• The ICT is similar to ICS but with a smaller sized

male coupler to receive the smaller sized bar.

• Main Features:

ICP – Position Coupler

• Main Features:

1. Applicable for high strength bars up to ASTM Grade 75. 2. Easy and highly efficient for preparing the splice and assembly on site. 3. Highly reliable due to our special crimping technology.

22

Advantages of INCON ICP Couplers

Accurate

• The deviation adjustability

makes the cage connection easy and accurate.

Efficient

23

Efficient

• Suitable for challenging

connections where bars cannot rotate

Simple

• No special tools required

Bar Terminator vs. Bent Bars

• Bent bars are required if the available length is smaller

than the development length necessary to maintain the bond between concrete and the embedded steel bars.

24

Bar Terminator vs. Bent Bars

• Disadvantages of Bent Bars:

1. Require Comprehensive Connection Detailing. 2. Increase Reinforcement Congestion. 25 2. Increase Reinforcement Congestion. 3. Slow Down Construction. 4. Possibly Increase Material Cost. 5. Increase risk of strength loss due to possible hook straightening.

Traditional Anchorage Method

Traditional Method

Criteria:

• Available length is smaller

than required length

26

than required length Purpose:

• Required to maintain bond

between concrete and embedded steel

Traditional Anchorage Method

Disadvantages

• 1. Requires Comprehensive

Connection Detailing

• 2. Increases Congestion

27

• 2. Increases Congestion
• 3. Slows Down Construction
• 4. Potential Increase in Costs
• 5. Risk of Strength Reduction

Bar Terminator vs. Bent Bars

• Why Bar Terminators?

1. Simplify Connection Detailing. 2. Reduce Reinforcement Congestion. 3. Speed up Construction. 4. Possibly Reduce Material Cost. 28 4. Possibly Reduce Material Cost. 5. No risk of strength loss due to possible hook straightening.

INCON Bar Terminator Types

ICT ICT – – F w/t ICS Male Coupler F w/t ICS Male Coupler

29

ICT ICT – – M w/t ICS Female Coupler M w/t ICS Female Coupler

INCON Bar Terminator (End Anchor)

• The bar terminator is a large anchorage

foot with threading compatible with INCON ICS couplers.

30

• Through screwing it on an ICS coupler

which is already pressed on the end of a steel bar, it provides the anchorage performance within the concrete as a hook or bent bar does.

• Due to the standard design and application of ICS

couplers, with just a terminator they can easily be turned into a mechanical anchorage for rebar in concrete.

INCON Bar Terminator (End Anchor)

31

• The design is in compliance

with ACI 318-08 and BS8110 for rebar sizes from 12mm to 52mm.

• Anchorage can be easily achieved by screwing the

terminator onto the ICS couplers in beams/columns and piles etc, and future extensions can be effortlessly arranged.

INCON Bar Terminator (End Anchor)

32

Experimental Program

• An

experimental study was performed at Western University in Canada aiming at understanding the

33

University in Canada aiming at understanding the behaviour of mechanical splices embedded in concrete, with emphasis on quantitatively characterizing the slip behaviour of commercially available mechanical couplers.

Tensile Test Setup

Apparatus Design Alignment Testing

Designing Slip Evaluation Apparatus:

34

Tensile Test Procedure

35

Using INCON coupler, failure happened by bar fracture.

500 600 700 500 600 700

Testing Results

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

100 200 300 400 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 Stress (MPa) Strain Bar (1) Bar (2) Coupler (3) Control 100 200 300 400 500 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 Stress (MPa) Strain Bar (1) Bar (2) Coupler (3) Control

36

Strength Test Results

INCON: ICP

Yield Ultimate

500 600 700 Stress (MPa)

37

100 200 300 400 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 Stress (MPa) Strain Plain Bar Incon ICP

350 400 450 500 350 400 450 500

Testing Results

Using the competitor’s coupler, failure happened in the coupler itself.

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 Stress (MPa) Strain Bar (1) Bar (2) Coupler (3) Control 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 Stress (MPa) Strain Bar (1) Bar (2) Coupler (3) Control

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

38

Strength Test Results

Competitor

500 600 700 Stress (MPa)

Yield Ultimate

39

100 200 300 400 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 Stress (MPa) Strain Plain Bar Competitor

Evaluating Strain-Related Deformation:

Tensile Testing Procedure

Strain-related deformation = ε1L1 + ε2L2 + ε3L3 Total Elongation (Over Gauge Length) = Strain-related deformation + Slip

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

40

Slip Test Results

y = 1970x - 295 [MPa, mm] R² = 0.992 300 350 400 450 y = 952x [MPa, mm] R² = 0.996 350 400 450 500

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

41

R² = 0.992 y = 1078x - 113 [MPa, mm] R² = 0.997 50 100 150 200 250 300 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Stress (MPa) Slip (mm) y = 585x - 37 [MPa, mm] R² = 0.999 50 100 150 200 250 300 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Stress (MPa) Slip (mm)

INCON Competitor

Code Qualification Test Results

Sample ACI Slip Criteria Strength Criteria Competitor – 1 Fail Fail Competitor – 2

42

Fail Fail Competitor – 2 Competitor – 3 RESULT Fail INCON ICP – 1 Pass Pass INCON ICP – 2 INCON ICP – 3 RESULT Pass

Sample Torque Condition Measured Ultimate Strength MTO Type 1: Criteria Fu (MPa) >120% >110% Result Fu/fy Fu/Fy TTC1 Torque 432 108% 98% Fail

Code Qualification Test Results

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

43

TTC1 Torque 432 108% 98% Fail TTC2 No-Torque 421 105% 96% Fail TTC3 Torque 426 106% 97% Fail Mean 426.4 107% 97% Fail CPS1 No-Torque 625 156% 143% Pass CPS2 No-Torque 604 151% 139% Pass CPS3 No-Torque 615 154% 141% Pass Mean 615 154% 141% Pass

ICP1 ICP2 ICP3

Set 1 ρ = 100%

Minimum Ductility

Construction of Beam Specimens

Set 2 ρ = 50%

Good Ductility

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

44

Beam Test Results

INCON Coupler Competitor Lap Splice

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

45

2.5 m ( 8 ft.)

Beam Test Results

100% 120% 140% Normalized Load, P/Pu (kN/kN) INCON Coupler Lap Splice

46

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10 20 30 40 50 60 Normalized Load, P/Pu (kN/kN) Displacement (mm) Control Beam Incon ICP Lap Splice Competitor Competitor

INCON Beams Competitor Beams Ductile Failure Mode (Desirable) Brittle Failure Mode (Undesirable)

Beam Test Results

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

47

Recovery Slip Surface Damage

Beam Test Results

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

48

INCON Under Reinforced INCON Balanced

Coupler Recovery (Damage Investigation):

Beam Test Results

No Coupler Damage

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

49

Photos from Construction Site

Erecting steel cages on site with the aid of templates

50

Photos from Construction Site

Storing the pre-fabricated steel cages on site

51

Photos from Construction Site

Erecting steel reinforcement on site with INCON couplers

52

Photos from Construction Site

Erecting steel reinforcement on site with INCON couplers

53

Photos from Construction Site

Erecting steel reinforcement on site with INCON couplers

54

Photos from Construction Site

Lifting the pre-fabricated steel cages to their destination

55

Photos from Construction Site

Lifting the pre-fabricated steel cages to their destination

56

Photos from Construction Site

Placement of the pre-fabricated steel cages

57

Photos from Construction Site

Connecting the existing steel cages to the additional reinforcement using INCON position couplers

58

Photos from Construction Site

Connecting the existing steel cages to the additional reinforcement using INCON position couplers

59

Photos from Construction Site

Two steel cages connected using INCON position couplers

60

Photos from Construction Site

Steel reinforcement connected using INCON position couplers

61

Photos from Construction Site

Steel reinforcement connected using INCON position couplers

62

Photos from Construction Site

Steel reinforcement connected using INCON position couplers

63