Material Purpose Characters Critical Indigenous, Exotic, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Material Purpose Characters Critical

Indigenous, Exotic, NERICA,DRR, CRRI,IGKVV, PAU,IRRI,NBPGR.IRH TNVar.CMS,Res. Microbes Acquisition Climate Model Development Morphological Phenological Agronomic Responsive Yield Weather, Heading dates based on sowing, Stomatal, LT, Resp, Stigma receptivity, pollen fertility, grain filling, relative yield Based on FS DRR / Multi Identification Traits Climate Adaptation Leaf Temp & Rolling MSI,ROS Stomatal, Pn, Florescence, LT Photoresp Sec.branches.pan F1,Hybrids Backcross, BC1F1, BC2F2, Mapping pop Evaluation for Climate Resilience Development SSR/QTL/ Candidate Gene map Transcription, Translation Expression at phenotype Integrating crop & climate models

COLLECT SELECT BREED HEAT NUE GXE LINKAGES Rqd: CRIDA, CCMB, UoH for Phenomics,FATE anatomical works etc.,

Progress made Upto June,2011-Plant Breeding & Hybrid rice

Procurement: NERICA 53 HTL 28 Wild: PAU, IGKV, CRRI 163 lines of IRHTN,CPAU &HTL,400 lines of Germplasm,200 lines of Basmati &ASG,50 lines each DRR & Upland and hill Two and three dates of sowing Screening : 168 lines (55 lines IRHTN, 2010,33 IRHTN 2009,75lines HTL,PAU,CPAU 62 Restorer and maintainer lines Relatively tolerant lines IR 20,N22, Balila,CR-547-1-2-3,IR2307-247-2- 2-3 Sensitive: Sadri,GZ 948-2-2-1,Zandrome, IR50,Mulai 7 crosses, sensitive to sensitive and 3 (2) sensitive and tolerant (1) 10 promising IRHTN 15 already reported HT lines used in crossing program with CMS . Phenotype for: Plant Height, EBT,Panicle Length,Grain No/pan, Grain yield,Initial and 50% Flowering,% Chaff, quality were done.

Dr N.Shobharani, LVSubbarao, VP Bhadana, Lal, Bush and Sudheer Senguttivelu, Sravan raju

Table 1: Means table (nine genotypes) of rice genotypes under normal and late sown conditions during rabi 2010. Character Normal Late Sowing (s) Genotyp es (G) S x G Shoot wt.m-2 (g) 581 562

• 119**
• TDM m-2 (g)

1277 1278

• 163**
• Panicle no

454 402 48.7** 104** 146** Panicle wt (g) 696 717

• 98.7**
• Spikelet x 103

55 53

• 13**

18** Spikelets.pan 86 144 54.2** 27.8** 39.4** Grain no x 103 37 36

• 7.6**

8.1** Chaff no x 103 18 16

• 9.4**

9.9** Grain no.pan 129 98 68.5* 39.8** 56.3** Grain wt (g) 606 650

• 113**
• Chaff wt (g)

51.7 47.4 _ 28**

• 1000 grain wt (g)

17.06 18.37 1.19* 1.52** 2.14**

HI (%) 47.56 50.66 1.41* 3.83**

Control Heat tunnel Parameter High Low High Low Water Potential (mpa)

• 2.80
• 5.80
• 2.70
• 6.80

OP (Mpa)

• 1.47
• 1.96
• 1.38
• 2.1

% Translocatio n 56 17.8 70 18 Spikelet fertility 93 64 70 15 Pollen viability 100 89 65 56 Grain yield 937 503 423 117 Table: Terminal heat stress on some physiological attributes: 25 rice cultures

Leaf temperature Photosynthesis Phenotyped: Leaf rolling, thickness, temperature, LAI, Tiller no Leaf no, FV/FM, Membrane stability, Spad Values, FV/FM, under three dates of sowing 62 lines, (hybrids,CMS,Parental lines), 22 lines of Physiology experimental fields (heat tolerance) and also for 15 genotypes (No andN100 levels) at field level Screening 1st cycle carried. Methods for leaf surface prints standardized.

PA-6129

Adaxial leaf surface showing trichomes Conserve heat flux during dry weather

Cellulose acetate butyrate peelings of Trichomes

Azucena BPT 5204 No.of Stomata crucial for determining heat tolerance 13 06 14 08 Jaya IR-64 Relative heat tolerance in Azucena (land race) may be related to stomatal no. per unit area.

S.No Taxa Stomatal No. Stomatal size (µm) Upper Lower Length Width 1 Ajaya 18 28.5 23 20 2 CORH-3 27.5 29.5 20 17 3 DRRH 2 17.5 17 20 19 4 DRRH 3 29.5 22.5 24 19 5 JKRH 401 29.5 32.5 18 17 6 JRH 8 26.5 27.5 18 14 7 KRH 2 18.5 26 14 16 8 NK 5251 34.5 37 22 17 9 PA 6129 26 28 20 14 10 PHB 71 24 29 20 16 11 PRH 10 25 26.5 18 18 12 Rajalaxmi 24 27 23 20 13 Sahyadri -4 18 24 20 18 14 Suruchi 18 26 22 18 15 US-312 23 25 23 23 16 BCW-56 19 26 23 17 17 18 DR714-1-2-R 27 30 21 15 19 EPLT-104 21 27 17 16 20 EPLT-109 20 29 19 19 21 GQ-25 25 28 19 16 22 IBL-57 23 26 22 18 23 IR 40750R 17 23 23 21 24 KMR3 22 30 19 16 25 RPHR-1004 24 26 20 17 26 RPHR-1005 22 24 23 22 27 RPHR-1096 15 22 22 18 28 SC5-2-2-1 18 23.5 25 20 29 20 26 22 17 30 SG-27-77 20 27 21 15 31 SG-27-175 17.5 18 21 18 32 111-3 21 18.5 23 15 33 517 25 26.5 22 18 34 611-1 18 24 20 17 35 619-2 20 27 20 16 36 APMS 6B 16.5 25.5 20 18 37 IR 58025B 5 4.5 34 24 38 IR 68897B 23 30 20 16 39 IR 79156B 40 PUSA 5B 26 29 19 20 41 IR 68888B 15 22 24 18 42 DRR 6B 19 22 22 16 43 DRR 9B 14 18 23 16 44 DRR 10B 19 23 22 18 45 DRR 3B 22 25 20 17 46 APMS 6A 16 17.5 20 19 47 IR 58025A 18 36 22 15 48 IR 68897A 17 17 23 15 49 IR 79156A 17 20 18 12 50 PUSA 5A 22 27 22 15 51 IR 68888A 18 23 21 18 52 DRR 6A 18 22 20 18 53 DRR 9A 17 23 23 14 54 DRR10A 12 12 28 17

Stomatal index

Varieties Leaf Rolling N-100 N-0 Rasi 2.6 2.59 Anjali 2.97 2.9 Annada 2.623 2.62 Prassanna 2.196 2.1 MTU1010 2.173 2.17 Varadhan 2.796 2.76 Jaya 2.603 2.59 Sampada 2.473 2.45 PHB 71 2.696 2.67 Pusabasmati 1 2.15 2.11 Vasumathi 3.24 3.21 Swarna 2.34 2.33 BPT 5204 1.08 1.07 DRRH2 2.7 2.71 Mahasuri 2.68 2.6

Leaf rolling SR Voleti, D.Subrahmanyam and PR RAO KN.Swamy, K.Rajesh, B.sailaja, Vijayalakshmi,Y.V Rao and T.V.Kiran

Varieties Total Leaf Area N-100 N-0 Rasi 20.65 25.76 Anjali 21.15 14.63 Annada 14.1 16.86 Prassanna 12.18 12.48 MTU1010 15.75 12.12 Varadhan 17.6 13.92 Jaya 25.84 12.88 Sampada 17.29 9.1 PHB 71 17.92 20.4 Pusabasmati 1 15 16.03 Vasumathi 16.98 12 Swarna 12.66 9.5 BPT 5204 10.98 12.9 DRRH2 13.56 10.08 Mahasuri 19.6 8.88

Leaf area

Varieties Leaf thickness N-100 N-0 Rasi 0.17 0.24 Anjali 0.173333333 0.27 Annada 0.233333333 0.226666667 Prassanna 0.24 0.246666667 MTU1010 0.223333333 0.22 Varadhan 0.22 0.196666667 Jaya 0.233333333 0.203333333 Sampada 0.236666667 0.213333333 PHB 71 0.23 0.233333333 Pusabasmati 1 0.283333333 0.246666667 Vasumathi 0.276666667 0.22 Swarna 0.24 0.183333333 BPT 5204 0.223333333 0.203333333 DRRH2 0.253333333 0.22 Mahasuri 0.246666667 0.16

Leaf thickness

S.No Variety mg of CO2 released/gm dry matter 1 HS1 921.97 2 HS2 1150.58 3 HS3 1047.96 4 HS4 1063.55 5 HS5 1091.18 6 HS6 1351.68 7 HS15 305.32 8 HS18 237.96 9 HS19 136.00 10 HS25 178.42

Respiration

Methodology:

Leaf sample was collected freshly and kept in cold conditions 100 mg of leaf was weighed into a 20 ml test tube and to that 1 ml of 1% of sodium hypochlorite was taken All the experiment was done in dark to prevent further photosynthesis in leaf. 30 ml of NaoH (0.35M) was taken into 75 ml test tube. The 20 ml test tube containing leaf sample was kept into 75 ml test tube and it was sealed air tight with parafilm and aluminium foil. The test tubes were incubated for 3 days in dark conditions After incubation 2 ml of 0.5M Bacl2 was added to NaoH to precipitate absorbed CO2 as BaCo3 Then 3 to 4 drops of phenolpthaleine was added and titrated against 0.3M Hcl to estimate remaining NaoH

The decrease in chl a/b ratio is less in NH219 than N-22, which indicates tolerance to stress induced senescence

Field experiment, RB 2011

Biotech Group: Methods for stigma Receptivity, pollen Fertility, in vitro germination

• N. Sarla, D.V.N Chakravarthi (RA),
• V. Vishnu Prasanth (SRF)

Stigma receptivity Control Heat IR64 N-22 NH219 NH219 mutant is heat tolerant based on KI staining

• f pollen

Genotype response to in vitro pollen germination in modified liquid medium at room temperature

Genotype % Germination

Swarna 16.03 ±1.6 KMR3 4.33 ± 0.05 IR66R 7.42 ± 0.44 IR64 55.83 ± 0.41 Utrirajapan 85.80 ± 4.35 BPT5204 34.83 ± 0.76

Microscopic view

• f

pollen germinated in vitro a. in medium

• f Shaojun et al. (2006).

b-d. in modified medium b.Utrirajapan

Field view at harvest

Nitrogen Use efficient rice cultivars

Highly eff. Medium eff. Low eff.

Varadhan MTU 1010 Prasanna PA 6444 Swarna Vasumati Rasi Sampada Mahsuri Jaya DRRH 1 BPT 5204 Annada Pusa Basmati 1 Anjali

Field screening of 15 rice genotypes for Nitrogen use efficient undertaken and

• grouped. Identification of genes and QTL related to NUE is initiated

Nitogen use efficiency indices

Most of the NUE indices were higher in case of medium group var. followed by early group

Var. AE PE RE (%) IUE PFP NHI

Kg gr/kg N Kg gr/kg N up Nup/N added Yld/To t N up Yld/ N added

• Gr. Nup

/tot Nup Early (5)

5.4-26.2 (15.8) 15-37 (26.4) 36-70 (55.4) 43-53 (48.2) 37-59 (49.4) 0.64-0.76 (0.67)

Med. (7)

10-24.9 (17.1) 22-46 (31.6) 32-83 (54.4) 38-60 (52.0) 43-72 (57.7) 0.56-0.7 (0.66)

Late (3)

7.5-18.1 (12.9) 18-29 (21.7) 42-71 (58.0) 38-44 (41.0) 48-52 (50.3) 0.57-0.62 (0.59) Figures in brackets are mean values

Microbiology:

• 16 rhizosphere soil samples were screened for IAA producing bacteria.
• 9 isolates tested positive for IAA production.
• One potential strain AC-VBU-2 with higher IAA production identified.
• 4 rhizosphere soil samples - ACC deaminase containing bacteria.
• Two thermophilic bacteria PK1 and PK2 growing at 60ºC were isolated.
• PK1 is positive for IAA production.
• PK2 is forming a mucoid colony.

S.N

• Sample

ID PGPR Properties Temperature tolerance IAA ACC deami nase Mes

• phil

ic Thermophilic 1 AC-DP- 1

• +
• 2

AC- VBU-2 +

• +
• 3

PK- 1 +

• +

4 PK-2

• +

5 PK-3

• +

6 ACVK-1 +

• +
• 7

ACW-1 +

• +
• 8

ACS-1 +

• +
• 9

ACD-1 +

• +
• 10

ACDB-1 +

• +
• 11

ACF9-4 +

• +
• 12

ACF9R- 2 +

• +
• 13

AC-2

• +
• 14

AC-3

• +
• 15

AC- 4

• +
• 16

AC-5

• +
• Thermophilic isolates

PK1 And PK3 Thermophilic isolates PK2

Standardized protocols for soil and plant respiration: K Surekha,MBB Prasadbabu, PC Latha Sucharita, Sailaja,Satish

• Bioinformatics of Nitrogen metabolism related genes in rice genome sequence
• Collection of leaf and panicle materials for expression analysis

from 15 and 10 genotypes from No and N100

• Standardization of RT-PCR
• Dr. CN Neeraja,B.Srikanth & I. Sudhakar rao

Varieties DRR MTU TTB Early Late Early Late Early Late Annada 120 118 112 113 107 115 Jaya 135 132 122 113 125 125 IR64 128 120 121 118 120 128 Modeling

Mar 3rd Week Mar 4th Week

R abi season-Mean T emp.

Temp changes during reproductive stage of rice across the country-being used for identifying heat prone areas.

Yadagirigutta Yadagirigutta Mandal Mandal

ANDHRA PRADESH ANDHRA PRADESH

Vartoor Motakodur Cholleru Wanga Palli Chinnakandukur Ramajipet Bahupeta Kacharam Sadu velli Jangam Palle Mallapur Dathar palle Gundla palle Peddakandukur

NICRA-Pest Surveillance Report on Yadigirigutta (DRR-10) Nalgonda District Nalgonda District For real-time pest surveillance, study area and fixed fields have been

• selected. Survey work is on

Maintaining BPH populations from different parts of India and biotype characterization

• BPH adults were collected from west Godavari during May 2011
• This population is being reared at DRR
• Rearing technique on young seedling is being standardized
• In a preliminary study DRR local population recorded 1% macropterous

(long winged forms). In contrast West Godavari population had 10% winged adults.

• West Godavari population in 4th generation is being characterised for

virulence features in respect of popular varieties

Long winged/ short winged

Construction work in progress : CO2 chamber for BPH Heat tunnel Dr.JS Bentur, Jhansi, Sampath Sunil, Rohini, Lydia Over all Supervision:

BC Viraktamath

Work plan and Responsibilities assigned to Temporary staff working Under NICRA Seed material : Breeders/Hybrid rice , Respective staff working in Plant breeding will collect and pass on to Physiology for seed sowing before the

• Season. Amount of seed required is for eight sets ( No,N100 and Heat tunnel 5

trt) at least 2 (20plants- 5 plants reserved for harvest) rows of plants. Material Cultivated, Land races, aromatic rices, Hybrids & their parents, wild rice if any ( Action RA and SRF of Breeding) Raising Nursery Plant Physiology & breeding & Hybrid rice Planting: Soil Science, Plant Physiology,Breeding and HR Protection Measures: Entomology Harvest : Plant Physiology, Breeding, HR, Soils and Biotech ( Mapping Popln)

Observations:

Soil Science: Soil, available N, Before, Middle and after Fertilizer N application after harvest from 10 replications each from NO, N100 and Heat plots Action : Soil Science SRFs for whole expt plot Soil Respiration: Microbiology and soil science> Plant Breeding & Hybrid rice:Tiller No, Plant height, No of leaves,, Anther

• pening, stigma extrusion for whole expt.plot etc.,

Plant Physiology: Leaf & culm thickness, Leaf width, leaf temp,leaf rolling Membrane stability, PI, 50% Flowering, for whole expt.plot Biochemical Parameters NR, GS, GOGAT, GDH FV/FM : Standardization will be done by Physiology and to pass on Protocols to plant group wise for determination Uricase/Uriase, Leaf dark respiration Soils standardize and pass protocols as above Nitrogen : Soil, Plant (culm, Leaf and grains from dry samples) Pollen fertility and Stigma Receptivity: Standardization Protocol: Biotechnology and Pass to others TDM at Tillering, Flowering, and Harvest ( all sections) Yield & Components, Grains, Spikelet no, panicle etc., ( Plant basis)

Repeat cycles: for Soils, Physiology, Breeding & HR Biotechnology: Bioinformatics of GS, GOGAT, GDH, AAT, Asparigine Synthetase,Nitrate transporter, Ammonium Transporter,,High affinity Transporter, Low affinity,Transporter,NR, Nitrite reductase RNA sample collection from roots, leaves, Heat tolerant RT-PCR Standardization. Mapping Population: Developing Breeding Population: Based on results of high and Low groups: Biotechnology and Breeding

BUDGET AT A GLANCE ( Lakhs)

Sanctioned: 1st Year 2nd Year Non Recurring: 92 NIL Recurring : 75 220 HRD &IPR : 05 10 Travel 05 06 TotalNR) 85 236 Grand total: 177 236 Expenditure: 110 2nd year:Release 78 Balance:as on July: 71 Salaries for staff for the remaining period: (100 lakhs approx) Balance for distribution will be 70-80 lakhs.

B A

NICRA Nursery, Directorate of rice research

A C D E B C D E A: Bed 01 B: Bed 02 C: Bed 03 D: Bed 04 E: Bed 05

Wild varieties NICRA DRR

F1 generations of Wild Varieties NICRA DRR