Make.Practice.Perfect Dr. Conohar Scott Lecturer in Photography - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Make.Practice.Perfect

• Dr. Conohar Scott

Lecturer in Photography Lincoln School of Film & Media College of Arts

Graced by Elvis (2010)

Graced by Elvis (2010)

The Edge of Eden (2006)

The Edge of Eden (2006)

The Edge of Eden (2006)

Pond 7, Almásfüzitő Aluminium Factory and site of the TATAI Waste Disposal Operation. I mage courtesy of ESRI, 2014

In May 2012, 20 individuals across Europe with a professional interest in the toxic waste dumping occuring at Almásfüzitő, were sent a copy of Almásfüzitő: An Index. Accompanying each parcel was a sheet of paper containing a list of all the recipients; here the individual concerned would also fjnd their name circled in red.

02 03 WASTES FROM FRUIT, VEGETABLES, CEREALS, EDIBLE OILS, COCOA, COFFEE, TEA AND TOBAC- CO PREPARATION AND PROCESSING; CONSERVE PRODUCTION; YEAST AND YEAST EXTRACT PRODUC- TION, MOLASSES PREPARATION AND FERMENTATION 02 03 01 sludges from washing, cleaning, peel- ing, centrifuging and separation 02 03 04 materials unsuitable for consumption or processing 02 03 05 sludges from on-site effluent treatment 02 03 99 wastes not otherwise specified 02 04 WASTES FROM SUGAR PROCESSING 02 04 01 soil from cleaning and washing beet 02 04 02 off-specification calcium carbonate 02 04 03 sludges from on-site effluent treatment 02 04 99 wastes not otherwise specified 02 05 WASTES FROM THE DAIRY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY 02 05 01 materials unsuitable for con- sumption or processing 02 05 02 sludges from on-site effluent treatment 02 05 99 wastes not other- wise specified 02 06 WASTES FROM THE BAKING AND CONFECTIONERY INDUSTRY 02 06 01 materials unsuitable for consumption or processing 02 06 02 wastes from preserving agents 02 06 03 sludges from on-site effluent treatment 02 06 99 waste not otherwise specified 02 07 WASTES FROM THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (EXCEPT COFFEE, TEA AND COCOA) 02 07 01 wastes from washing, cleaning and mechanical reduction of raw materials 02 07 02 wastes from spirits distillation 02 07 03 wastes from chemical treatment 02 07 04 materials unsuitable for consumption or processing 02 07 05 sludges from on-site effluent treatment 02 07 99 waste not oth- erwise specified 03 WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNI- TURE, PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD 03 01 WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNITURE 03 01 01 waste bark and cork 03 01 04* sawdust, shavings, cuttings, wood, particle board and veneer containing dangerous substances 03 01 05 sawdust, shavings, cut- tings, wood, particle board and veneer other than those mentioned in 03 01 04. 03 01 99 wastes not

• therwise specified 03 03 WASTES FROM PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD PRODUCTION AND PROCESS-

ING 03 03 01 waste bark and wood 03 03 02 green liquor sludge (from recovery of cooking liquor) 03 03 05 de-inking sludges from paper recycling 03 03 07 mechanically separated rejects from pulping

• f waste paper and cardboard 03 03 08 wastes from sorting of paper and cardboard destined for recy-

cling 03 03 09 lime mud waste 03 03 10 fibre rejects, fibre, filler and coating-sludges from mechanical separation 03 03 11 sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 03 03 10. 03 03 99 wastes not otherwise specified 04 WASTES FROM THE LEATHER, FUR AND TEXTILE INDUS- TRIES 04 01 WASTES FROM THE LEATHER AND FUR INDUSTRY 04 01 02 liming waste 04 01 04 tanning liquor containing chromium 04 01 05 tanning liquor free of chromium 04 01 06 sludges, in particular from on-site effluent treatment containing chromium 04 01 07 sludges, in particular from on-site ef- fluent treatment free of chromium 04 01 99 wastes not otherwise specified

Almásfüzitő: An Index (2012)

10 11 16 solid wastes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 15. 10 11 17* sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing dangerous substances 10 11 18 sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 17. 10 11 19* solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment containing dangerous substances 10 11 20 solid wastes from

• n-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 19. 10 11 99 wastes not otherwise

specified 10 12 WASTES FROM MANUFACTURE OF CERAMIC GOODS, BRICKS, TILES AND CONSTRUC- TION PRODUCTS 10 12 11* wastes from glazing containing heavy metals 10 12 12 wastes from glaz- ing other than those mentioned in 10 12 11. 10 12 13 sludge from on-site effluent treatment 10 12 99 wastes not otherwise specified 11 WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS; NON-FERROUS HYDRO-METALLURGY 11 01 WASTES FROM CHEMI- CAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS (FOR EXAMPLE GAL- VANIC PROCESSES, ZINC COATING PROCESSES, PICKLING PROCESSES, ETCHING, PHOSPHATING, ALKA- LINE DEGREASING, ANODISING) 11 01 08* phosphatising sludges 11 01 09* sludges and filter cakes containing dangerous substances 11 01 10 sludges and filter cakes other than those mentioned in 11 01 09. 11 01 13* degreasing wastes containing dangerous substances 11 01 14 degreasing wastes

• ther than those mentioned in 11 01 13. 12 WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANI-

CAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS 12 01 WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS 12 01 02 ferrous metal dust and particles 12 01 07* mineral-based machining oils free of halogens (except emulsions and solutions) 12 01 09* machining emulsions and solutions free of halogens 12 01 12* spent waxes and fats 12 01 14* machining sludges containing dangerous substances 12 01 15 machining sludges other than those mentioned in 12 01 14. 12 01 16* waste blasting material containing dangerous substances 12 01 17 waste blasting material other than those mentioned in 12 01 16. 12 01 18* metal sludge (grinding, honing and lapping sludge) 12 01 19* readily biodegradable machining oil 12 01 99 wastes not otherwise specified 12 03 WASTES FROM WATER AND STEAM DEGREASING PROCESSES (EXCEPT 11) 12 03 02* steam degreasing wastes 13 OIL WASTES AND WASTES OF LIQUID FUELS (except edible oils, and those in chapters 05, 12 and 19) 13 01 WASTE HYDRAULIC OILS 13 01 04* chlorinat- ed emulsions 13 01 05* non-chlorinated emulsions 13 01 09* mineral-based chlorinated hydraulic oils 13 01 10* mineral-based non-chlorinated hydraulic oils 13 01 12* readily biodegradable hydraulic oils 13 01 13* other hydraulic oils 13 02 WASTE ENGINE, GEAR AND LUBRICATING OILS 13 02 07* readily biodegradable engine, gear and lubricating oils 13 02 08* other engine, gear and lubricating oils

Almásfüzitő: An Index (2012)

13 03 WASTE INSULATING AND HEAT TRANSMISSION OILS 13 03 09* readily biodegradable insulating and heat transmission oils 13 04 BILGE OILS 13 04 01* bilge oils from inland 13 04 02* bilge oils from jetty sewers 13 04 03* bilge oils from other navigation 13 05 OIL/WATER SEPARATOR CONTENTS 13 05 01* solids from grit chambers and oil/water separators 13 05 02* sludges from oil/water separators 13 05 03* interceptor sludges 13 05 06* oil from oil/water separators 13 05 07* oily water from oil/water sep- arators 13 05 08* mixtures of wastes from grit chambers and oil/water separators 13 08 OIL WASTES NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 13 08 01* desalter sludges or emulsions 13 08 02* other emulsions 13 08 99* wastes not otherwise specified 15 WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATE- RIALS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 15 01 PACKAGING (INCLUDING SEPARATE- LY COLLECTED MUNICIPAL PACKAGING WASTE) 15 01 01 paper and cardboard packaging 15 01 03 wooden packaging 15 01 06 mixed packaging 15 01 09 textile packaging 15 01 10* packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances 15 02 ABSORBENTS, FILTER MATERIALS, WIPING CLOTHS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING 15 02 02* absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not other- wise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances 15 02 03 ab- sorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing other than those mentioned in 15 02 02. 16 WASTES NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE LIST 16 03 OFF-SPECIFICATION BATCHES AND UNUSED PRODUCTS 16 03 05* organic wastes containing dangerous substances 16 03 06 organic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 05. 16 07 WASTES FROM TRANSPORT TANK, STORAGE TANK AND BARREL CLEANING (EXCEPT 05 AND 13) 16 07 08* wastes containing oil 16 07 09* wastes containing other dan- gerous substances 16 07 99 wastes not otherwise specified 16 08 SPENT CATALYSTS 16 08 03 spent catalysts containing transition metals or transition metal compounds not otherwise specified 16 08 04 spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07). 16 08 05* spent catalysts containing phos- phoric acid 16 08 07* spent catalysts contaminated with dangerous substances 16 10 AQUEOUS LIQUID WASTES DESTINED FOR OFF-SITE TREATMENT 16 10 01* aqueous liquid wastes containing dangerous substances 16 10 02 aqueous liquid wastes other than those mentioned in 16 10 01. 17 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES (INCLUDING EXCAVATED SOIL FROM CONTAMINATED SITES) 17 01 CONCRETE, BRICKS, TILES AND CERAMICS 17 01 06* mixtures of, or separate fractions of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing dangerous substances 17 01 07 mixture of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics other than those mentioned in 17 01 06. 17 02 WOOD, GLASS AND PLASTIC 17 02 04* glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with dangerous substances 17 03 BITUMINOUS MIXTURES, COAL TAR AND TARRED PRODUCTS 17 03 01* bituminous mixtures containing coal tar 17 03 02 bituminous mixtures

• ther than those mentioned in 17 03 01. 17 03 03* coal tar and tarred products

Almásfüzitő: An Index (2012)

Brindisi Pages.indd 3 11/09/2014 12:00

No Al Carbone, (2014)

• f 640 MW (Authorised to reconvert another 2 groups to methane gas for another 430 MW – a complex potential

total production of 1070 MW). 3a EDIPOWER Open storage bunker (Under judicial sequestration for violation of environmental laws). 4 ENI PETRO-CHEMICAL HUB Companies present: POLIMERI EUROPA (now VERSALIS SPA), BASELL, CHEMGAS, ENIPOWER and SYNDIAL. Site subject to “Risk of a serious incident” Law- L. 334/99. 4a POLIMERI EUROPA Plastics manufacturing petro-chemical plant. Thermal plant for the isolation of petrol derivatives (Cracking towers). 4b BASELL BRINDISI Plastics manufacturing petro-chemical plant. 4c ENIPOWER Combined cycle thermo-electric plant (methane gas and vapour). 3 working groups producing a total of 1170 MW. 4d CHEMGAS Technical gas-producing chemical plant (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon) Industrial/Medical use. 4e SETRAMAR SPA (Pending authorisation). Biomass thermo-electric power plant (Vegetable Oils) 8 MW. 5 LNG ex BRITISH GAS (Pending authorisation) Methane gas regassifjcation plant - storage of 320,000 MC (Megacolumns) of methane gas – networked emissions up to 8 billion MC per annum. Site currently sequestered due to judicial proceedings in progress. 6 SANOFI AVENTIS (EX LEPETIT) Pharmaceutical company. Site subject to “Risk of Serious incident” Law - L. 334/99. 7 S.F.I.R. Sugar Refjnery. Sugar production and biomass thermo-electric power plant (Agricultural waste) 39 MW. 8 FIAT AVIO Aero-spatial propellant component and prototype industry. 9 IPEM 1 and IPEM 2 Adriatic coast depository (Storage of over 20,000 tonnes of LPG (Liquifjed Petroleum Gas) Site subject to “Risk of Serious Incident” Law - L.334/99. 10 EXXONMOBIL Plastics manufacturing petro-chemical plant. 11 DISTRICT OF BRINDISI Sewage treatment works. 12 S.I.S.R.I. CONSORTIUM Thermo-mechanic compnay (ex VEOLIA spa). Dangerous waste treatment platform industrial/medical waste incinerator (35,000 T/per annum – thermal energy produced = 1.4MW). Plant currently closed following judicial proceedings. 12a S.I.S.R.I. CONSORTIUM VEOLIA Dangerous and toxic waste dump. 13 TRADING PUGLIA (Pending authorisation) PET-COKE (artifjcial coal made from heated petrol residue) storage facility up to 40,000 tonnes. 14 BRUNDISIUM (Pending authorisation) Biomass thermo-electric power plant (vegetable oils) 49.9 MW. 15 (EX) MICOROSA Dangerous and highly toxic chemical waste dump - 50 Hectares. 16 MUNICIPALITY OF BRINDISI Waste storage and treatment facility for combustible and solid urban waste. P NATURAL PARKS (Regional Law no. 28/2002) P ‘Saline di Punta della Contessa’ Regional Park P1 ‘Fiume Grande’ Regional Park P2 ‘Fiume Piccolo’ Regional Park

ANALISI SPAZIALE DEL RISCHIO DI TUMORI MULTIPLI IN RELAZIONE AD UN IMPIANTO PETROLCHIMICO Calculli, C., Pollice, A., Serinelli, M. Gli studiosi hanno analizzato 403 casi di cancro del polmone, della pleura, della vescica e del sistema emolinfopoietico diagnosticati tra il 1999 ed il 2001 (l’unico periodo in cui Brindisi ha avuto un Registro Tumori) e li hanno confrontati con 1694 soggetti, estratti dall’anagrafe sanitaria, residenti negli stessi comuni dell’area considerata, nello stesso periodo e con le stesse caratteristiche di diagnosi, età e sesso. I risultati mostrano che nel primo chilometro di distanza dal petrolchimico si è verifjcato un rischio doppio di tumori al polmone ed alla vescica. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE RISK OF MULTIPLE CANCERS IN RELATION TO A PETROCHEMICAL PLANT Calculli, C., Pollice, A., Serinelli, M. The researchers analysed 403 cases of lung, bladder, pleural and lymphatic cancer diagnosed between 1999 and 2001 (the only period in which Brindisi has had a Cancer Registry). They then compared them with 1,694 subjects extracted from the health register, resident in the same demographic area, over the same period of time and with the same age, sex and diagnostic characteristics. The results show that in residents living within a kilometre of the Brindisi Industrial Zone, there is double the risk of contracting lung or bladder cancer.

2

S.F.I.R. PRODUZIONE DI ZUCCHERO E CENTRALE TERMOELETTRICA A BIOMASSA Coltivazione di fjnocchio in un campo antistante l’impianto dello SFIR per la produzione di zucchero, che al suo interno ha anche una centrale termoelettrica a biomassa da 39 MW. Uno degli aspetti della zona industriale di Brindisi che colpisce è la coesistenza della piccola agricoltura e pesca, che si eseguono accanto agli impianti a carbone, e alle strutture dell’industria petrolchimica. S.F.I.R. SUGAR REFINERY AND THERMO-ELECTRIC BIOMASS PLANT A fennel plantation can be seen in the fjelds in front of the refjnery, which also houses a thermo-electric biomass plant capable of producing up to 39 MW. One of the striking features of the Brindisi Industrial Zone is the co-existence of small-scale farming and fjshing

• perations, which lie adjacent to coal power stations and the petro-chemical industrial complex.

7

5 P1 6

INCHIESTA ARPA N.1080-2013 REV.O – 23/04/2013 A seguito delle denunce sulla presenza di una sostanza marrone/rossastra che galleggiava nelle acque marine al Porto Esterno, L’ARPA (Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e la Protezione dell’Ambiente) ha individuato la fonte della contaminazione nell’impianto Sanofj Aventis (vedere mappa: 6) tramite campioni prelevati dal ‘Fiume Piccolo’. I campioni prelevati dal Fiume Piccolo e dal Porto Esterno hanno registrato livelli eccessivi dei seguenti composti: ARPA REPORT N.1080-2013 REV.O Following reports of a red/brown substance fmoating in the body of water known as ‘Port Esterno’, ARPA (Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e la Protezione dell’Ambiente) traced the source of the contamination back to the Sanofj Aventis plant [see map: 6] via the ‘Fiume Piccolo’, or Little River. Water samples from the Little River and the Porto Esterno registered excessive levels of the following substances: Il Tetraidrofurano è considerato una sostanza cancerogena per gli umani. Molti scienzati credono che non ci siano livelli sicuri di esposizione ad una sostanza cancerogena. Ci sono anche delle prove limitate che il Tetraidrofurano sia un teratogeno (causa delle malformazioni negli embrioni) per gli animali. Tetrahydrofuran is considered to be a carcinogen in humans. Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. There is limited evidence that Tetrahydrofuran is also a teratogen (a cause of malformation in embryos) in animals.

Anomalie congenite tra neonati in una zona di alto rischio ambientale – uno studio caso-controllo a Brindisi Congenital anomalies among live births in a high environmental risk area – A case-control study in Brindisi

RILASCIO DI INQUINANTI NELL ’ARIA NEL 2011

Ossidi di zolfo Sulphur oxides 1,230 tonnes

Cadmio e composti Cadmium & compounds 12.4 kg

Ossidi di azoto Nitrogen oxides 654 tonnes

Zinco e composti Zinc & compounds 337 kg

Anidride carbonica Carbon dioxide 1,320,000 tonnes

POLLUTANT RELEASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE 2011

Particolato Particulate matter 78.2 tonnes

Environmental Resistance, infograph detaling quantities of air pollutants from Cerrano power station, with adjoining QR code link to a study detailing elevated rates of congential birth deformities in the region too. No Al Carbone, 2014

IL NASTRO TRASPORTATORE E IL DANNO ALLA FALDA La costruzione di un nastro trasportatore del carbone ha provocato anche un grosso danno idro-geologico al

• territorio. Per permetterne lo scavo di costruzione è stata fatta defmuire la falda acquifera di superfjcie. Questo ha

provocato la perdita dell’acqua nei pozzi di approvvigionamento delle aziende agricole e dei cittadini di contrada

• Cerano. Ancora oggi i residenti di Cerano sono costretti a fare la spola dalle fontane pubbliche per rifornirsi

dell’acqua per l’uso domestico. Un reportage prodotto dal movimento No al Carbone racconta questa vicenda. THE COAL CONVEYOR BELT AND DAMAGE TO THE GROUNDWATER AQUIFER The construction of a coal conveyor belt system has also caused great hydro-geological damage to the area. To enable the excavation, the surface groundwater aquifer was drained. This consequentially emptied the wells that supply water to the local farming industry, and also to the population living on the outskirts of Cerano. The residents

• f Cerano are still obliged to fjll containers from the town’s public fountains, in order to have access to water for

domestic use. A short documentary produced by No al Carbone tells this story.

2 4

S

sulfur 32.065

16

6946 mg/kg Ti

1172 mg/kg

Sr

221 mg/kg

Pb

46 mg/kg

Mn

25

318 mg/kg

Zn

30

350 mg/kg

K

potassium 39.098

19

6155 mg/kg V

254 mg/kg

Cr

691 mg/kg

Cu

258 mg/kg

Ca

calcium 40.078

20

325003 mg/kg

Mo

118 mg/kg

FLY-ASH COMPOSITION: from a sample taken on location

15 P

15 P

AREA MICOROSA L’area Micorosa ha un’estensione di circa 50 ettari e si trova all’interno della zona industriale di Brindisi, tra il petrolchimico e l’area protetta di Le Saline di Punta della Contessa. Tra il 1962 ed il 1980, tale area è stata utilizzata per lo smaltimento dei residui di lavorazione industriale del petrolchimico, con uno strato di materiale compreso tra i 2 e i 7 metri. MICOROSA Between 1962 and 1980, this area was used to dispose of fmy-ash waste from the petrochemical plants. The area

• f Micorosa covers over 50 hectares of land and is located between the petrochemical area, and the protected

salt marshes of Le Saline di Punta della Contessa. The fmy-ash constitutes a layer of contaminated material that is between 2 and 7 metres in depth.

1

STIMA DELLA PREVALENZA DI BPCO NELLA PROVINCIA DI BRINDISI Bruni A, Gianicolo EAL, Vigotti MA, Faustini A. Uno studio sulla prevalenza di BPCO nella provincia di Brindisi nel 2005 attraverso le schede di dimissione

• spedaliera ed il registro nominativo delle cause di morte, per determinare se le incidenze di BPCO a Brindisi erano

sopra la media nazionale. I risultati di questo studio mostrano una prevalenza di BPCO più elevata tra i residenti in Provincia di Brindisi rispetto a quanto osservato in altre aree italiane. ESTIMATE OF THE PREVALENCE OF COPD IN THE PROVINCE OF BRINDISI Bruni A, Gianicolo EAL, Vigotti MA, Faustini A. In 2005 a study compared hospital release forms and the nominal death register to determine if incidents of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) were above the national average for Italy. The results of this study show a higher prevalence of COPD amongst the residents in the province of Brindisi compared with levels observed in other areas of Italy.

1

CONTAMINAZIONE IPA DELLE ACQUE MARINE OFFSHORE Pasqua Paparella, Giuseppe Martino, Sebastiano LoCaputo Dal 1996 in poi, ‘Orimulsion’, meglio conosciuto come bitume emulsionato, veniva utilizzato come combustibile al impianto di Cerano. L’acqua marina veniva usata per raffreddare i condensatori; questa stessa acqua veniva poi trattata con cloro, e reintrodotta nel ambiente marina. Nel 1999, è stata condotta un’indagine, per stabilire la presenza o meno degli IPA nelle acque marine che circondano l’impianto di Cerano, come risultato diretto dell’utilizzo di acqua marina come agente di raffreddamento. I risultati dello studio mostravano che la Crisene, la Naftalene, e le Fluorene erano presenti in concentrazioni più alte del normale in stazioni L3, L4, e S4, mentre Benzo (a) antracene e Dibenzo (a,h) antracene, entrambi classifjcati come possibili cancerogeni, erano stati trovati in concentrazioni relativamente alte in stazioni L3 e S4. OFFSHORE PAH CONTAMINATION Pasqua Paparella, Giuseppe Martino, Sebastiano LoCaputo From 1996 onwards ‘Orimulsion’, or emulsifjed bitumen, was employed as a fuel at the Cerano plant. Sea water was used to cool the capacitors; the water was then treated with chlorine and released back into the marine environment. In 1999 a survey was conducted to establish if PAH’s (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) could be detected in seawater offshore from Cerano, as a direct result of using the seawater as a cooling agent. Results from the survey showed that Crisene, Nafthalyne, and Fluorene were detected in higher than normal concentrations in stations L3, L4 and S4, whilst Benz(a)anthracene and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, both classifjed as possible carcinogens, were found in relatively high concentrations at stations L3 and S4.

1

La produzione industriale alienata fa piovere. La rivoluzione porta il sole. Alienated industrial production makes the rain. Revolution makes the sunshine. Guy Debord, Un Pianeta Malato Guy Debord, A Sick Planet