Liveability and Resilience: The Australian Community Capacity Study - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rebecca Wickes Monash Migration and Inclusion Centre

September 18, 2018

Liveability and Resilience: The Australian Community Capacity Study

The Research Team

Prof Jonathan Corcoran Mr Anthony Kimpton Dr Renee Zahnow

Diversity in Australia

Source: http://aiec.hu/ckfinder/userfiles/images/People‐Culture‐Society‐Arts‐in‐ Australia.jpg

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 Jan‐01 Aug‐01 Mar‐02 Oct‐02 May‐03 Dec‐03 Jul‐04 Feb‐05 Sep‐05 Apr‐06 Nov‐06 Jun‐07 Jan‐08 Aug‐08 Mar‐09 Oct‐09 May‐10 Dec‐10 Jul‐11 Feb‐12 Sep‐12 Apr‐13 Nov‐13 Jun‐14 Jan‐15 Aug‐15 Mar‐16 Oct‐16 May‐17 Dec‐17

Crime in Brisbane by major offence over time, 100,000 of the population

OffencesAgainstthePerson OffencesAgainstProperty 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Jan‐07 Jun‐07 Nov‐07 Apr‐08 Sep‐08 Feb‐09 Jul‐09 Dec‐09 May‐10 Oct‐10 Mar‐11 Aug‐11 Jan‐12 Jun‐12 Nov‐12 Apr‐13 Sep‐13 Feb‐14 Jul‐14 Dec‐14 May‐15 Oct‐15 Mar‐16 Aug‐16 Jan‐17 Jun‐17 Nov‐17

Offence rate Year

Crime in Perth by major offence over time, 100,000 of the population

Crimes against the person Property Offences

Crime and Disadvantage

City of Wyndham, Victoria City of Ballarat, Victoria

Disadvantage

7

Recent Arrivals % Indian Population % United Kingdom Population %

Greater Sydney (N=765) ‐0.08* ‐0.07* 0.50*** Greater Melbourne (N=491) ‐0.29*** ‐0.33*** 0.33*** Greater Brisbane (N=445) 0.14** 0.15** 0.33*** Greater Perth (N=333) ‐0.03 ‐0.17** 0.28*** Greater Adelaide (N=415) ‐0.30*** ‐0.32*** 0.15** Greater Hobart (N=90) 0.22 0.13 0.64*** Greater Darwin (N=56) 0.21 0.05 0.41*** ACT (N=98) ‐0.00 0.16 0.05

Disadvantage and Migrant Concentration (SEIFA) in Australian cities

*= p<0.05, **=p<0.01, ***p<0.001 Residential concentration of Recent, Indian and UK migrants by state suburb classification for major capital cities in Australia (N = the number of state suburbs in each city)

Residential Mosaics

The Australian Community Capacity Study

• Multi-million dollar project funded exclusively by the Australian Research

Council (ARC) and the Victorian Premier and Cabinet led by Wickes and Mazerolle

• Studying the life course of urban neighborhoods – one of four studies

globally

• Includes:
• 4 waves of survey data in Brisbane
• 2 waves of survey data in Melbourne
• 7 in-depth case studies of Brisbane neighborhoods
• Ethnic community sample of residents from Indian, Vietnamese and

Arabic speaking backgrounds in both cities

ACCS/PHDCN and Ecometrics

Raudenbush and Sampson (2002) - Taking ecological assessment seriously

• Builds on a rich tradition of psychometrics
• Treats neighbourhoods as units of analysis in their own right
• Develops analytic strategies/approaches that can reliably capture

between neighbourhood differences

• Ecometric studies mark the “process turn” in neighbourhood effects

research (Sampson, 2012)

The Brisbane Research Site

3rd largest city in Australia Sampling frame 429 suburbs Omitted those without census data (new neighborhoods or highly industrialized areas with few residents. N = 148 suburbs – average of 30 participants per suburb (min = 13 max =68)

ACCS Wave Average Pop

• f Suburbs

Long Sample Size Top‐Up Sample Size Total Sample Size Wave 2 5690 1077 3247 4324 Wave 3 6046 2286 1935 4221 Wave 4 6633 2473 1659 4132

Step 1: Capturing distinct land uses within and across suburbs

Social Conduits

Social Holes

Fragmentation index

Degree to which the residential area is split into ‘patches’ by highways, thoroughfares, railway lines and rivers.

Step 2: Land use, the socio-demographic context and social sustainability

The Sociodemographic Context

Disadvantage Ethnic Diversity Population Density Residential Mobility

Land use, the socio-demographic context and social sustainability

Neighbouring Perceptions of Social Cohesion Place Attachment Collective Efficacy Anchoring conduits +ve +ve +ve +ve Local exposure conduits +ve NS NS +ve Scheduled conduits NS NS NS NS Extra local exposure conduits NS NS NS NS Social Holes NS NS NS NS Fragmentation ‐ve ‐ve ‐ve NS Diversity of Land Use Types +ve +ve +ve ‐‐‐ Disadvantage NS ‐ve ‐ve ‐ve Language diversity ‐ve ‐ve ‐ve NS NS = Not Significant/ –ve = Negative / +ve = Positive

In Summary…

• Crime and disadvantage concentrate in particular places
• Cannot “add conduits and stir” – the composition of the neighbourhood and

the coalescence of land use types important for social life

• Disadvantage is pernicious
• Segregates opportunities for particular groups in society
• Erodes social sustainability
• Increases violence
• Key challenge for LGAs - must simultaneously design out crime and build in
• pportunities for quality social interactions in disadvantaged areas

Questions/Comments?