LITHIUM +60 MILLION TONS OF OPPORTUNITY Dr. David Deak Lithium - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
THE RISE AND FALL OF LITHIUM +60 MILLION TONS OF OPPORTUNITY Dr. David Deak Lithium Americas Corp. SEPTEMBER 2017 The views, estimates, and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the
SEPTEMBER 2017 |
+60 MILLION TONS OF OPPORTUNITY
Lithium Americas Corp. SEPTEMBER 2017
The views, estimates, and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of Lithium Americas Corp.
SEPTEMBER 2017 |
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SEPTEMBER 2017 |
SEPTEMBER 2017 | | TSX: LAC 5
THE EV: A BETTER USER EXPERIENCE
SEPTEMBER 2017 | | TSX: LAC 6
LITHIUM: COST PARITY
Source: McKinsey, EIA TODAY
SEPTEMBER 2017 | | TSX: LAC 7
LITHIUM: IT’S LIGHT 3 Li
Cathode Anode Periodic table
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LITHIUM: IT’S HIGH ENERGY 3 Li
Lithium
F2 + 2e- ⇄ 2F
.
+2.87 Pb4+ + 2e- ⇄ Pb2+ +1.67 Cl2 + 2e- ⇄ 2Cl- +1.36 O2 = 4H+ + 4e- ⇄ 2H2O +1.23 Ag+ + 1e- ⇄ Ag +0.80 Fe3+ + 1e- ⇄ Fe2+ +0.77 Cu2+ + 2e- ⇄ Cu +0.34 2H+ + 2e- ⇄ H2 0.00 Pb2+ + 2e- ⇄ Pb
Fe2+ + 2e- ⇄ Fe
Zn2+ + 2e- ⇄ Zn
Al3+ + 3e- ⇄ Al
Mg2+ + 2e- ⇄ Mg
Li+ + 1e- ⇄ Li
stronger reducing agent stronger oxidizing agent
Electrochemical series
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LITHIUM MARKET: TODAY
Li
Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE)
$1.5 billion in sales 3-4 gigafactories
Source: USGS
182 kt LCE market
40% Li-ion
60%
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GIGAFACTORY MATHEMATICS
1 GIGAFACTORY
70 GWh / year x 0.7 kg LCE per kWh
~ 50,000 t of LCE per year
70 GWh / 70 kWh per EV
~ 1 million EVs per year
4 GIGAFACTORIES
~ 200,000 t of LCE per year ~ 4 million EVs per year
1 million tonnes LCE
To meet some oncoming demand (e.g. Tesla, VW) in 5 years:
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70 GWh x 0.7 kg LCE per kWh
~ 50,000 t of LCE per year
70 GWh / 70 kWh per EV
~ 1 million EVs per year
Over 20 years:
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GIGAFACTORY MATHEMATICS (CONT.)
1 GIGAFACTORY 62 GIGAFACTORIES
~ 3.1 million tonnes of LCE per year ~ 62 million EVs per year
Over 20 years:
= 62 million tonnes LCE = 1.25 billion EVs
To electrify the world’s fleet of vehicles:
11
SEPTEMBER 2017 | | TSX: LAC 12
RAPID TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Source: BlackRock, Interpreting Innovation, September 2014
Computer Color Television Clothes Washer Dish Washer Electricity Range Telephone VCR Electricity Refrigerator Automobile Air Conditioning Cell Phone Radio Microwave Clothes Dryer Internet 75 25 50 100
Percent of households
1950 2010 1930 1970 1910 1990
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LITHIUM MARKET: TOMORROW
….
3.1 million tonnes
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LITHIUM MARKET: TOMORROW
Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE)
EV market needs 20x growth 3.1 million tpa LCE Over 60 gigafactories
Excludes: ▪ Utility storage ▪ Semi trucks
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LITHIUM SOURCES
SEPTEMBER 2017 | | TSX: LAC 17
LITHIUM PRODUCTION COSTS
Difficult to escape physics Plenty of room for
Innovate to lower cost
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INNOVATE: STREAMLINE PROCESS
Li2CO LiOH⋅H2O
LiOH⋅H2O
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INNOVATE: REVAMP ENERGY SYSTEMS
Build on first principles $0.35/kWh <$0.05/kWh Vertical integration
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INNOVATE: ALTERNATIVE BRINE TECH
Increase yield recovery Process for all circumstances Optimize water management
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INNOVATE: ALTERNATIVE ROCK TECH
Vertical integration $0.35/kWh <$0.05/kWh Recycle consumables
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INNOVATE: CLAY OPPORTUNITY
Robust process exists* Favorable thermodynamics Goal:
mass-energy balance
*Not yet commercialized
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HOW TO BEST INVEST IN LITHIUM?
$40 BILLION
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TAKE-AWAYS
Electrification of transport is a reality
Lithium market must grow by a factor of +20
Unprecedented high-impact investment opportunity
Investable projects are:
SEPTEMBER 2017 |
THE FUTURE IS CLEAR
Hong Kong
CONTACT INFORMATION info@lithiumamericas.com 1100 – 355 Burrard Street Vancouver, BC V6C 2G8 Canada